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( THE

FOUNEERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL

AND

HOWARD COUNTIES, MARYLAND.

A Genealogical and Biographical Review from wills, deeds and church records.

•^ ,

BY

J. D. WARFIELD, A. M.

Formerly Professor of English Literature in the Maryland Agricultural College, genealogist and author of "The Warfields of Maryland."

KOHN & POLLOCK,

Publishers,

Baltimore, Md.

1905.

tlBRARYdf C0NGBK3S 1 wo Cofles RectiivfiO

JUL 19 >906

CLASS Od^i}^' N2i ' COPY B.

COPYRIGHT

1905.

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FRONTISPIECE.

" At the beginning of this new century we are going to the garrets, bringing out the portraits of our forefathers, brushing off the dust,— putting them into new frames and handing them down to our children. Search the records for their good deeds."

INTRODUCTION.

. have searched the record for their good deeds and have herein ied them down to our children.

To master Maryland history we must know the biography of

s founders. That biography has never before been written. Boz-

.ns„n, McMahan, McSherry, Davis and Scharf, content to accept the

bitised opinions of contemporary partisans, have been lavish in their

criiticisms of our "Early Settlers."

/ At this distance from that crucial era, under our broad ideas of t'bleration, it is difficult to judge the men and measures of an age of l/Lmited privileges.

For the first time in all history an ideal government had been organized in Maryland; a benevolent lord with knightly powers was at its head.

An act of toleration had just been passed. It was the joint pro- duct of liberal men of all faiths, but it was at a time when the mother country was involved in religious controversies, which, of necessity, were just as bitter here. Hence the act of toleration was for a season obscured in Maryland; but its influence, once felt, continued to grow until it became a leaven of enlightenment, ending finally in complete revolution.

Having searched the record of our " Early Settlers," the histor- k of to-day can see our early men as they were. J Judging them by their records, herein brought to light for the rst time, their interested descendants will endorse the sentiment of 1 young historian who has recently recorded:

" In no other place upon the American Continent is there to be bund so good an example of a people, who, after a struggle of nearly ^ century and a half, made the transition from a monarchical gov- ernment to a 'government of the people, for the people, by the people,' as in Maryland."

(Mereness.)

Another Maryland historian, who has given us glances at some of the founders herein recorded, in the face of the harsh criticisms of his contemporaries, has left us this record:

"Between the morals of the past and those of the present, it would be impossible to draw a full or fair contrast, but injustice in this particular has certainly been. done to the memory of our ances- tors. Without wishing to draw a veil over the sins of the past, or excuse in the least its rudeness or its violence, I have no hesitation in expressing the opinion for whatever it may be worth, that in the- sincerity of their friendships, in the depth of their religious convic- tions, in the strength of their domestic affections, and a general reverence for things sacred, our forefathers far outshine the men of this generation with all its pomp and pride of civilization."

(Davis.)

Chapter 1.

OUR EARLY SETTLERS.

All authorities pretty generally agree that our first Anne Arun- del settlers came up from Virginia.

In 1620 Edward Bennett, a rich merchant of England, inter- ested in Virginia trade, had organized a company consisting of his nephews Richard Bennett, Robert Bennett, Thomas Ayres, Richard and Thomas Wiseman, to send two hundred settlers to Virginia.

Many of those sent were murdered by the Indians in 1622. Robert Bennett and John Howard were among the number.

Richard Bennett, in 1642, came over in person to revive the company's efforts. He brought with him members of an Independ- ent Church in England, who sought a more favorable field for build- ing up their church.

Upon organizing in their new homes surrounding Edward Ben- nett's plantation upon the Elizabeth river, in Nansemond County, Philip Bennett, a nephew, was sent to Boston to secure ministers. He carried with him a letter written by John Hill. Rev. William Thompson, a graduate of Oxford, John Knowles, of Immanuel Col- lege, Cambridge, and Thomas James were induced to come. Upon their arrival in Virginia, they were coldly received by Governor Berkeley and his chaplain, Rev. Thomas Harrison. Through the Governor's influence, an act was passed by the Virginia legislature forbidding any minister, who did not use the " Book of Common Prayer," to officiate in the churches of Virginia.

The ministers from Boston soon retired from this unpromising field, but to the disgust and surprise of the Governor, his own chap- lain, Mr. Harrison, announced his determination to take up the work just laid down.

The church had been built in 1638 upon "Sewell's Point," on the Ehzabetii river. It was near Richard Bennett's two thousand acre plantation. It has recently been selected as the site of our coming JamestoVvU exposition.

HERE ARE SOME OF ITS RECORDS.

"At a meeting of the inhabitants of Lower Norfolk County, May 25th, 1640, Mr. Henry Sewell and Lieutenant Francis Mason, both of whom had been appointed by Governor Berkeley to hold monthly courts, to induce Mr. Harrison to continue service at Sewells Point, agreed to pay for themselves and the inhabitants of the parish from Captain Willoughby's plantation to Daniel Tanner's Creek, the sum of ;^32, Cornelius Lloyd, Henry Catlin and John Hill, agreed to pay for themselves and the Western Branch, ^33. And Thomas Meeres, John Gatear (Gaither) and John Watkins, agreed to pay ;^36

6 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

for themselves and the inhabitants of Daniel Tanners Creek." All the members signed this agreement. From the Virginia Rent Rolls we find other early settlers, who later came to Maryland.

There was a grant to John Chew, gentleman, of five hundred acres, in the County of Charles River, due said Chew for the adven- ture of himself and nine persons on July 6th, 1636. The record shows that John Chew came to Virginia in 1622, and again in 1623.

John Gatear (Gaither) received 300 acres in Elizabeth City County, a neck of land on the eastern branch of Elizabeth River. Fifty acres of which were due him on his own personal adventure, and 250 acres for the transportation of his wife Jane and five persons in 1636. He received 200 acres more on the south of Elizabeth River for the transportation of four persons, the names not given.

Cornelius Lloyd received 800 acres in the County of Elizabeth River, due him for the transportation of sixteen persons in 1665. He was also one of the London merchants who received 8,000 acres in Berkeley Hundred in 1636.

Richard Preston was a justice of Nansemond County, in 1636.

William Ayres secured a plantation on Nansemond River for transporting five persons. Ann Ayres, wife of Samuel Chew, was his sole heiress.

Thomas Meeres held 300 acres in the Upper County of New Norfolk in 1644-5-6-7; he was a justice in 1645, and a church- warden. There is a record which states "that Edward Lloyd was acting for Thomas Meeres, of Providence, Maryland, in 1645."

Thomas Davis held 300 acres in the LTpper County of New Norfolk on the south side of Elizabeth River, five or six miles up, due him for transporting six persons on May, 1637. He was a jus- tice of Nansemond, 1654.

In 1648, the vestry of Elizabeth River Church were Francis Mason, John Hill, Cornelius Lloyd, Henry Catlin. The following order was then passed: "And the sheriff is desired to give notice and summon John Norwood to appear before said vestry to account for the profits of the "Glebe Land' ever since Parson Llarrison hath deserted his ministerial office and denied to administer ye sacre- ments with those of the Church of England." That was Captain John Norwood, the first sheriff of Anne Arundel.

Mr. Thomas Browne became a member of the vestry in 1648, and John Hill and William Crouch were elected wardens.

Wm. Durand having been banished in 1648, Thomas Marsh was ordered to pay the tax upon Durand's property.

The vestry in 1649 consisting of Thomas Browne, John Hill, Cornelius Lloyd, Henry Catlin, em.ployed Mr. Sampson Calvert as minister. Mr. James Warner was church warden. He came to Maryland.

At the County Court of 1649, (the same year these parties left for Maryland), the following record reads: "Whereas, Mr. Edward Lloyd and Mr. Thomas Meeres, commissioners, with Edward Selby, Richard Day, Richard Owens, Thomas Marsh, George Kemp and

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 7

John Norwood were presented to ye board by the sheriff, for sedi- tious sectuaries for not repairing to their church, and for refusing to hear common prayer — hberty is granted till October next, to in- form their judgements, and to conform themselves to the established law."

Before that probation had expired all of the above were in Mary- land. Edward Lloyd was both burgess and justice of Lower Nor- folk, There is a deed on record from Francis Watkins, late wife of John Watkins, of Virginia, then wife of Edward Lloyd, in which she surrendered her dower to Edward Lloyd in consideration for his payment of a certain sum to her son, John Watkins. This agree- ment was carried out by Edward Lloyd when commander of the Severn. He surveyed a tract for his "son-in-law," (stepson) "John Watkins."

Edward and Cornelius Lloyd were near neighbors in Virginia, y' in 1635, of Matthew Howard and Ann, his wife. The latter named his son Cornelius in honor of Colonel Cornelius Lloyd.

Two more prominent Virginia officials, Colonel Obedience Robins and his brother, Edward Robins, sent representatives to Maryland. The former was the brother-in-law of Captain George Puddington. The latter was the father-in-law of Colonel William Burgess and Richard Beard, all settlers of South River, Maryland, in 1650.

Mr. Harrison's persistence had increased the independent church in Virginia to a membership of one hundred and eighteen, and when the order of banishment was issued, we have Mr. Harrison's state- ment that he and Elder William Durand left Virginia because they were ordered to go. This statement was supported by the record that "the lands of William Durand in Virginia were confiscated be- cause of his banishment." At this crisis in Virginia a protestant Virginian had just been appointed Governor of Maryland. Gover- nor Wm. Stone knew many of the independent exiles, and having promised Lord Baltimore to bring to his new province a large number of settlers, he naturally sought an interview with them.

Calvert's previous attempts to induce immigrants from Eng- land had not been successful.

He had even wTitten a letter to Captain Gibbons, of Boston, offering land to any people of Massachusetts, who would transport themselves to his province; but "the Captain had no mind to fur- ther his desire, nor had any of our people temptation that way."

Governor Stone sought out William Durand. The evidence is the following records.

"Captain Wm. Stone, of Hungers Creek on eastern shore of Virginia, was born in Northamptonshire, England in 1603. He was the nephew of Thomas Stone, a haberdasher of London.

"In 1648 he conducted the negotiation for the removal of a party of non-conformists from Virginia to Maryland; and in August of that year Lord Baltimore commissioned him governor of that colony.

8 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

'' William Durand, in 1648, came to Maryland with his wife, his daughter Elizabeth, and four other children, two freemen, Pell and Archer, and servants, Thomas Marsh, Margaret Marsh, William Warren, Wm. Hogg and Ann Coles." This is what our " Rent Rolls" show upon his coming: "William Durand demanded 800 acres of land for transporting himself, two male servants, one female ser- vant, and two freemen into the province in 1648."

The grant was located in "Durands' Place," on the north side of the Severn.

Richard Bennett, the same year, took another grant of 250 acres, to be divided into small lots for a number of settlers who wished to be close together. This was located at "Towne Neck," a point now known as "Greenberry Point."

The}^ then returned to Virginia, with the terms upon which their followers could obtain homes in Maryland. John Hammond, the historian, thus records that agreement.

"Upon the express assurance that there would be a modifica- tion of the oaths of the office and fidelity, an enjoyment of liberty of conscience, and the privilege of choice in officers, the Virginia Non-Conformists agreed to remove to the banks of the Severn."

Hammond was a strong advocate of Governor Stone's admin- istration. Other historians differ as to the exact promises made at that interview, but our "Rent Rolls" undoubtedly show that Gov- ernor Stone and Lord Baltimore were both anxious to have settlers upon the modified terms offered in the "Condition of Plantation" of 1648.

Hammond declares, "Maryland was considered by the Puritans as a refuge. The lord proprietor and his governor solicited, and several addresses made for their admittance and entertainment into that province, under the conditions that they should have conven- ient portions of land assigned, the liberty of conscience and privilege to choose their own officers."

"After their arrival," continues Hammond, "an assembly was called throughout the whole county, consisting as well of themselves as the rest, and because there were some few papists that first in- habited, these themselves, and others, being different judgements, an act was passed that all professing Jesus Christ should have equal justice." And, "At the request of the Virginia Puritans," the oath of fidelity was overhauled and this clause added to it : " Provided it infringe not the liberty of conscience."

This was confirmed in 1650.

In confirmation of Hammond's statement, our "Rent Rolls"- show that Edward Lloyd, in 1649, was granted a permit to lay out one thousand acres on the western side of the Chesapeake Bay to the northward of the Patuxent River, and a small creek, about the middle of "The Cliffs,' adjoining the lands of Richard Owens, there and to the northward of the Patuxent, not formally taken up yet."

He was so desirable an immigrant that he easily secured another grant of 570 acres on the north side of the Severn, just opposite

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 9

Annapolis. There he seated himself and was soon surrounded by many neighbors. Colonel William Burgess, that same year, brought up his colony to South River.

As there has been considerable discussion upon the exact loca- tion of the first settlement of the Severn, I will give the best light that comes from our Record Office. Read this grant of 1654.

" Cecilius, Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Province of Maryland. To all persons to whom these presents come, greeting: Whereas, Wilham Pell, George Saphir, Robert Rockhould, William Penny, Christopher Oatley, Oliver Sprye, John Lordking, and Richard Bennett, Esq., did in the 1649 and 1650, transport themselves into this province, here to inhabit and for their mutual security, did several small parcels of land then take upon a place called the " Towne Neck," to the intent they might seat close together, and whereas, the said several parcels are since by law^ful purchase from the said (persons named), become the sole right of the said Richard Bennett, and whereas, the said Richard Bennett hath since alienated, and for a valuable consideration, sould the said several parcels unto our trusty and well beloved counselor, Nathaniel Utie, Esq. Now know ye, that we hereby grant unto said Nathaniel Utie all that parcel called Towne Neck, on the west side of Chesapeak Bay, and on the east side of Anne Arundel River, now again surveyed to the said Nathan- iel Utie, beginning at Towne Creek, and running for breath northeast 140 perches, to a creek called Ferry Creeke, bounding on the east by a line drawn south, for length by the said creeke and bay 320 perches; on the south by a line drawn west from the end of the south line 110 perches, unto Anne Arundel River; on the west by a line drawn north from the end of the west line unto the marked line; on the north by the first northeast line — containing 250 acres," (There is no evidence from our " Rent Rolls" that any of these people w'ere ever seated at "Towne Neck.")

Nathaniel Utie held this Towne Neck from 1654 to 1661, w^hen he sold it to Wm. Pennington, who, that same year, sold it to Ralph Williams, of Bristol, England. It descended to his daughters, Mrs. Elizabeth Moiling and Mrs. Rebecca Barber, who sold the same to Edward Perrin, of Bristol, England. It was then transferred to Edward Deaver and finally to Colonel Nicholas Greenberry, who did not come over until 1674. It was not secured by him until 1685. It then became known as "Greenberry Point." The deeds of trans- fers cover some thirty pages, and the time of transfers some thirty years.

Adjoining "Towne Neck," on the west, extensive tracts were raken up and held, as our "Rent Rolls" show.

Edward Lloyd, in 1650, had laid out 570 acres on the north side of the Severn, adjoining " Harrards' Line," (this may have been Howards), running with the river for a length of fifty-five perches.

In 1659, he also took up "Pendenny," upon which stands, to- day, the house of Captain John Worthington, now^ held by the late Mr. R. Tilghman Price's family, just opposite the Naval Academy.

10 Founders of Anne Arundel and Hoavard Counties.

There are many evidences in the old foundation rehcs at " Pen- denny Heights," to show that here dwelt Edward Lloyd, when in 1650, Governor Stone and his secretary, Nathaniel Utie, came up to the Severn and organized the new settlement.

By Governor Stone's appointment, Edward Lloyd was made commander of Providence, a title kindred to that of deputy-gover- nor; with power to name his own Council, who, with him, were empowered to grant certificates of surveys of lands, organize courts, and direct that settlement.

Edward Lloyd's commissioners were James Homewood, Thomas Meeres, Thomas Marsh, George Puddington, Matthew Hawkins, James Merryman, and Henry Catlyn.

He built his home on the north side of the Severn, in the neck,, just opposite the city of Annapolis; Henry Catlyn and James Merry- man were his immediate neighbors.

These two settlers did not long remain. Their combined es- tates were later embraced in the Greenberry and Worthington sur- veys, now held by Messrs. R. Tilghman Brice and Charles E. Remson.

James Homewood and Matthew Hawkins were upon the Magothy River; George Puddington was upon South River; Thomas Marsh and Thomas Meeres were first upon Herring Creek, but later resided on the Severn.

Edward Lloyd's house was the Council Chamber. His immedi- ate neighbors were William Crouch, on the Severn; Richard Young, on the Magothy; Ralph Hawkins, of the Magothy; Richard Ewen, of the Magothy; William Hopkins, Thomas Browne, John Browne, Henry Catlyn, John Clarke were all near the Commander upon North Severn.

George Goldsmith and Nfiihaniel Proctor held lands adjoining Lloyd's " Swan Neck," upon the bay.

Captain William Fuller located on "Fuller's Survey," which is now known as "White Hall." Leonard Strong, the first historian of the Anne Arundel settlers, and his daughter Elizabeth, held 800 acres adjoining Captain Fuller.

Thomas Meeres adjoined them, holding 500 acres. This North Severn settlement was "Broad Neck," and included Colonel Green- berry's "Towne Neck."

Rev. Ethan Allen, in his historical notes of St. Annes, records: "There was a meeting house at Towne Neck; there is still to be seen the place where the chapel and burying ground was. Among the ruins is a massive slab with this inscription: ' Here lies interred the body of Mr. Roger Newman, merchant, born at London, M^ho dwelt at Palip, in Talbot, in Maryland, twenty-five 3^ears, and de- parted this life the 14th of May, 1704.

"There was at this time a dissenting minister, a Mr. Davis, in the neighborhood."

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 11

MIDDLE NECK HUNDRED.

In 1650, there were three known settlers on the site of Annapolis, as the following grant to Thomas Todd, the shipwright, shows. " Laid out for Thomas Todd 100 acres, commencing at Oj^ster Shell Point, running up the river northwest 160 perches to Deep Cove, bounding on said creek 140 perches to a marked hne; on the west unto the bounds of Richard Acton's land at a marked oak; on the south with a line drawn northwest by north unto the bounds of Thomas Hall's land, being a marked poplar; and with the same for thirty-five perches. Then from the end of a former line unto a creek called Todd's Creek; on the east with said river; containing one hundred acres."

One more surveyor, destined to be better known in history, was Robert Proctor, who took up "Proctor's Chance," in 1679, at a beginning tree of "Intact," on the west side of the Severn River. This tract became "Proctor's Landing," and was his residence in 1681, when he then designated his place as "town." Major Dorsey was there and had built a row of houses on "Bloombury Square," near the present new post-office., He also held houses and lots on High Street, which his widow, Margaret Israel, sold to William Bladen, in 1706.

Another survey of Todd's tract seems to locate a town there in 1651. It reads: "bounding on Thomas Hall's land and on Todd's Creek, beginning at ye northeast point of "Town" and ex- tending along the river to 3'e first creek to ye west and then with back lines to ye beginning." "Todd's Range" extended along the south side of the Severn, west to the head of Dorsey's Creek.

The south-side settlers followed the Severn back to Round Bay. They were James Horner, who held "Locust Neck"; Peter Porter at "Bustions Point," adjoining James Warner.

Captain John Norwood held 200 acres of "Norwood's Fancy," adjoining Thos. Meeres.

Nicholas Wyatt surveyed "Wyatt's Harbor" and "Wyatts' Hills," upon which " Belvoir" now stands, just south of, and in sight of Round Bay. Adjoining it was Thomas Gates, upon "Dorsey's Creek," near "Dorsey," taken up by the first Edward Dorsey, in partnership with Captain John Norwood.

James Warner and John Freeman were both near by; William Galloway and Thomas Browne were further west, but touching upon Round Bay.

Lawrence Richardson and the first Matthew Howard surveyed also near Round Bay.

John Collier was on "Todd's Creek," near the present site of Annapolis.

The Middle Neck settlers along the bay, north of South River, were Philip Thomas, of "Thomas Point; " Captain William Fuller, Leonard Strong, Thomas Meeres, Thomas Tollej' and WilHam James.

13 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Upon their surveys stand, to-day, Bay Ridge and Arundel-on- the-Bay.

At the head of South River on the north side,, were John Bald- win, James Warner and Henry Ridgely.

SOUTH RIVER HUNDRED.

In 1650, Colonel William Burgess, the merchant whose vessels brought 150 settlers, was the central figure around whom settled a band of large land-holders.

Joseph Morely held "Morely's Grove."

John Freeman, son-in-law and heir of Joseph Morely, took up at the head of South River, " Freeman's Fancy," " Freeman's Stone," " Freeman's Landing." Adjoining him were John Gaither and Robert Proctor, both heirs of Joseph Morely. They were surveyors of " Ab- bington," and final heirs of Freeman's and Morely's lands.

Mareen Duval, the Huguenot immigrant from Nantes, France, held a large estate around South River, viz: "Middle Plantation" and "Great Marsh." He came with Colonel William Burgess.

Captain George Puddington surveyed "Puddington Harbor," and "West Puddington." Richard Beard, brother-in-law of Colonel William Burgess, held "Beard's Habitation" on "Beard's Creek," near the site of Londontown. Neal Clarke, related to both Pud- dington and Beard, was an adjoining neighbor near the head of South River.

Thos. Besson, the younger, adjoined Colonel William Burgess on the south side of South River. Ellis Brown was on the south side, near Edward Selbys. Captain John Welsh held lands first upon South River and afterwards on the Severn.

RHODE RIVER HUNDRED.

Robert Harwood took up "Harwood," in 1657, which later des- cended to Abel Browne. Walter Mansfield adjoined him. Captain Thomas Besson settled on the west side. His neighbors were Thomas Sparrow, George Nettlefield, John Brewer, Edward Townhill and Colonel Nicholas Gassaway, son-in-law of Captain Thomas Besson, Sr. Captain Thomas Francis "The Ranger," was another large land-holder of Rhode River.

THE WEST RIVER HUNDRED.

Roger Grosse, the popular representative, whose widow married Major John Welsh, held a large estate upon West River. His neigh- bors were Thomas Miles, John Watkins, Hugh and Emanuel Drew, Richard Talbott, John Browne and John Clarke. Still later th West River meeting-house of Quakers attracted a large settlemen of leading Quakers, among whom were the Galloways.

FOUXDEES OF AXNE ArUXDEL AND HOWARD COUNTIES. 13

HERRING CREEK HUNDRED.

Samuel Chew laid out Herrington.

Thomas Marsh took up lands on the west side of Herring Creek, beginning at Parker's Branch, and running to Selby's Cove; he also held a thousand acres adjoining Richard Bennett, running up the bay. He held a tract adjoining John Norwood, running down the bay, 600 acres more. He gave the name to Marshe's Creek, so dif- ficult to locate in the division of the two counties. Edward Selby held lands on Selby's Cove, adjoining Thomas Marsh. He also ad- joined Thomas Meeres on the west side of South River, next to John Watkins; in all some 1000 acres. William Parker adjoined Thomas Marsh on Herring Creek, and also, Richard Bennett, Samp- son Warring, and Thomas Davis on the bay, holding 1200 acres. William Durand adjoined Edward Selby, running down the bay; John Covell adjoined William Durand; Thomas Emerson adjoined William Parker; Captain Edward Carter, near Herring Creek, ad- joined William Ayers, whose lands were assigned him by Thomas Marsh. Richard Ewen adjoined Richard Bennett and Richard Tal- bott, on Herring Creek. Richard Wells, Chirurgeon, was on the west side of Herring Bay, adjoining Stockett's Creek, holding 600 arces. The three Stockett brothers were on Stockett's Run; they did not come from Virginia. Back on the Patuxent, Colonel Rich- ard Preston held 500 acres, and built a house which still stands; it is the oldest house in Maryland. He was an important man, in both Maryland and Virginia. Commander Robert Brooke, with his body guard of forty, was still below on the Patuxent, holding at first a whole county. Richard Bennett held thousands of acres at Herring Creek, and later as many more upon the Eastern Shore.

From these surveys, running form 100 to 1000 acres, we get a list of the most prominent settlers in 1649-50. The leaders took up land in several sections. The largest land-holders were in the south- ern section, where the soil was remarkably rich.

As soon as these settlers were well-seated, Governor Stone by proclamation, called a legislature in which he used these words: "and for the Puri — to give them particular notice." This referred to the settlers just enumerated; the term "Puritan" was then a reproach, and from policy perhaps, Governor Stone left the word incomplete. About the time for assemblying the legislature, Gover- .nor Stone paid a visit to these settlers; he succeeded in getting a representation. Upon his return he made this report: "By the Lieutenant of Maryland, The Freemen of that part of this province now called Providence, being by my appointment duly summoned to this present assembly, did imanimously make choice of Mr. George Puddington and Mr. James Cox for their burgesses, I being there in person at that time." Upon the organization of the assembly, a high compliment was paid to that settlement, in the election of Mr. James Cox speaker of the house. There were fourteen mem- bers, eight of whom were Protestants who threw their influence to

14 Founders op Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Mr. Cox for speaker. The assembly passed an order that the gover- nor issue writs to summon three or four inhabitants of Anne Arundel, to meet him and the council, to consider what is necessary to be added to the levies of this year, besides those already brought in by the committee. An act was passed for fixing surveyors' charges at one pound of tobacco per acre; if above 100 are surveyed, then one-half pound per acre be charged. The expenses for the assembly to be levied from Anne Arundel County, in 1650, were:

To Mr. Puddington and Mr. James Cox, for

37 days, apiece at 50 pounds per day . . .3,700 pounds

Boate, hand and wages 600 pounds

4,300 pounds

An order was passed providing for a march upon the Indians for murdering an English inhabitant in Anne Arundel — to press men to make war. The charge of such war to be laid by an equal assessment on the person and estate of the inhabitants of the prov- ince. An order was passed for a levy of half a bushel of corn per poll upon every freeman in Anne Arundel, to be disposed of by the governor as he shall see fit. During that session, was passed an act for erecting Providence into a county by the name of Anne Arundel. This was the first and almost only legislative provision for erecting any county in the province. It's name was in honor of Lady Anne Arundel, daughter of Lord Arundel, of Wardour, wife of Cecilius Lord Baltimore. Induced by the murder of some English in that section, an act was passed prohibiting Indians from coming into the new county of Anne Arundel. The last important act of the session of 1650, was the oath of fidelity to Lord Baltimore.

The Protestants were in the majority in the assembly, yet they joined Governor Stone in his declaration setting forth that they enjoyed fitting freedom of conscience in Lord Baltimore's province. This act was signed by speaker Cox, George Puddington and even by William Durand, the Virginia elder who attested Leonard Strong's pamphlet. This Protestant assembly enacted that an oath of fidel- ity should be taken. John Langford recorded the following: "No one was banished under that law for refusing to take it." Up to this period it was evident that a judicial administration of gov- ermental affairs had, to a certain extent, conciliated the cautious non-conformist element, which had looked with suspicion upon the oath of fidelity

Let us now look at the government to which these people had just come. Cecilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, held by charter rights, a territory with almost unrestricted privileges. All office, title, honor were in his hands; head of the church, of the mili- tary, executive and judicial powers, he could control all legislative acts. Yet the charter granted him secured to the people of Mary- land "all the privileges, franchises and liberties" which other Eng- lish subjects enjoyed.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 15

Granted by a king who held to "the divine right"; modeled after the established institutions of an absolute monarch, William, the Norman, the charter of Maryland, though giving a long list of sovereign rights which made the lord proprietor absolute in his do- main, contained three words above quoted, which, viewed under the light of the Magna Charta and the English Bill of Rights, were des- tined to put the people in control of the province even upon the Charta basis.

The ruling motive of the more influential settlers in Maryland, was a desire for greater political and religious liberty.

Others of the more restless nature were attracted by the easy and favorable terms on which land was offered.

Both classes were opposed to the extensive sovereign rights granted the lord proprietary, and were only brought into subjection by concessions to prevent uprisings. Back of these storm signals serious trouble had already threatened the proprietary of Maryland. William Clayborne, of a distinguished English family, a man of marked ability, had made a prior claim to the very territory over which Cecilius Calvert was now lord. Further than this, a war was at hand in the mother country between the king and parliament.

There were, in Maryland, influential settlers ready then to take the side of parliament; and when, at last, the parliamentary forces were victorious, and King Charles had been sacrificed in the triumph of popular rights over "divine right," the contest was to be fought out in the province of Maryland.

Parliament had declared it to be treason for any one to acknowl- edge Charles, the son, king, yet in the face of that declaration, Governor Green, acting for Governor Stone, had already acknow- ledged Charles, the Second, "the rightful heir of all his father's dominions." This unfortunate proclamation, not intended by the Lord Proprietary, gave much trouble in Maryland, ending finally in its reduction.

LEGISLATURE OF 1651.

Governor Stone called an assembly in 1651; to this the people of Anne Arundel sent no delegates. News had reached them that Parliament had, in 1650, passed an ordinance for the reduction of Lord Baltimore's province. Instead of sending delegates to the assembly of 1651, Commander Lloyd sent a message explaining the reason for not answering the call. That message, when forwarded to Lord Baltimore in England, gave offence.

Though not a matter of record, its tenor may be seen in the following proclamation of Lord Baltimore.

"To Governor Wm. Stone, and the Upper and Lower kouses, and all the other officers and inhabitants of the Province:

Greeting: — We can but much wonder at a message which we understand has lately been sent by one Mr. Lloyd from some lately seated at Anne Arundel, to our general assembly at St. Maries, in

16 Founders of i^NNE Arundel and Howard Counties,

March last; but are unwilling to impute either to the sender or deliverer thereof, so malign a sense of ingratitude as it may seem to bear, conceiving rather that it proceeded from some apprehen- sion in them at that time grounded upon some reports of a dissolu- tion or resignation of our patent and right to that province, which might, perhaps, for the present, make them doubtful what to do till they had more certain intelligence thereof." Thus in a very temperate, conciliatory spirit, he continued to review the necessity for all settlers to conform to the rules and usages already estab- lished, urging that a government, divided in itself, must needs bring confusion and misery upon all. "If such divisions continue, which God forbid, then we must use our authority to compel all factious spirits to a better compliance with the lawful government; requiring you, our said lieutenant, to proceed against such disturbers, and, if continued after admunition, then to be declared enemies to the public peace.

"And, whereas, we understand that in the late rebellion of 1644, most of the records of that province being then lost, or embezzled, no enrollment remains now of divers patents of land formerly granted by us, we therefore require you to issue a proclamation requiring all persons within a certain time therein fixed, to produce to our surveyor-general, or his deputy, all such patents by which they claim land in our province; and to require our secretary to give you a list of all such patents now on record, and to require all such persons as claim land to cause them to be enrolled in our secretary's office within some convenient time, to be limited by you. And, whereas, by the third article of our last "Conditions of Plantation," dated 1649, there is allowed one hundred acres to every adventurer, or planter, for every person of British or Irish descent, transported thither, we understand that it may be prejudicial to the general good of the colony, in case so great allowance shall be long continued, causing the people to be too remote from each other; inasmuch as a few persons may take up large tracts, leaving but little opportu- nity for others to come, therefore, we proclaim that, after the 20th day of June, 1652, only fifty acres shall be assigned, instead of one hundred acres.

"The proportionate rents and oath of fidehty to stand as already expressed, in 1650." Dated 1651.

Following that proclamation. Governor Stone issued his call for all settlers to come forward and demand grants. As the returns from Commander Lloyd, of Anne Arundel, and Robert Vaughan, of Kent Island, were both unsatisfactory, their commissions to issue land grants were revoked.

The year 1651 ended without much change in the condition of the settlers. Parliament, however, had determined to take in hand the struggling provinces of Virginia and Maryland. Commissioners were appointed to take control. Virginia readily acquiesced and soon after, in 1652, the Virginia commissioners came to Maryland to subdue it.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 17

Mr. John Langford states, "that Richard Bennett, who was active in procuring preachers from Boston for the Puritans of Vir- ginia, was one of those, who, when driven out of Virginia, came and settled in Providence." Bennett, however, still retained his residence in Virginia when appointed one of the commissioners for the reduction of Maryland. In his proclamation he proposed, "that the settlers should all remain in their places, but only conform to the laws of the commonwealth of England, and not infringe the Lord Baltimore's just rights. That all the inhabitants, including the governor and council, should subscribe the test called 'the engagement.' "

Governor Stone and the rest of the officers readily assented to a portion of the requirements, but having refused to accept the proposition "that all writs should be issued in the name of 'The Keepers of the Liberty of England,' "commissioners Bennett and Claiborne demanded Stone's commission from Lord Baltimore. This they detained, and dismissing him, appointed other officers. Issuing their proclamation that all writs, warrants and other pro- cesses be made in the name of the Keepers of the Liberty of Eng- land, by authority of parliament, they named the following commis- sioners, one or more of whom should sign them, viz: Robert Brooke, / Colonel Francis Yardley, Mr. Job. Chandler, Captain Edmund Winder, | Colonel Richard Preston and Lieutenant Richard Banks. These were authorized to take in hand the government of the province. The acts of Governor Stone and his council were declared null and void.

All the records were then ordered to be placed into the hands of the above council, at Richard Preston's, where the proceedings were to be held.

Lord Baltimore's power was thus quietly obliterated. The commissioners returned to Virginia, where Bennett became gover- nor, and Claiborne, secretary of state.

Robert Brooke was now head of the province. He was not "■ one of the Virginia settlers, but came with his household of forty persons direct from England, bearing in his pocket the following grant from the proprietor, then in London.

"We appoint him, the said Robert Brooke, to be commander under us, and our lieutenant of our whole county, to be newly set forth next adjoining the place he shall so settle and plant in, giving him all the perquisites of a coimty commander, with power to ap- point six or more inhabitants to advise with him."

The county thus set off was the present county of Calvert, but then named Charles County.

The location of Robert Brooke, was first at "Dela Brooke," but still later at " Brooke Place," upon Battle Creek, about forty miles from the mouth of the Patuxent. Two years from his land- ing he, too, was acting with opposing settlers. Governor Bennett and Secretary Claiborne, of Virginia, soon returned to Maryland to watch the progress of their revolution. Knowing that Governor

18 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

Stone was popular with the people, they sought him and offered the office of governor, which Stone accepted under certain conditions.

Thomas Hatton, his late secretary, was also accepted, who, with Robert Brooke, Captain John Price, Job. Chandler, Colonel Francis Yardley, Colonel Richard Preston, were declared the gover- nor's council. Colonel Claiborne renewed his claim to Kent Island. Governor Stone next issued a commission to Captain William Fuller, purporting to be in the name of "The Keepers of the Liberty of England," as commander-in-chief under him of all forces for a speedy march against the Eastern Shore Indians, giving him full power to levy forces in Anne Arundel County. The people of Anne Arundel were not in favor of going against the Eastern Shore Indians. Their reasons were given in Commander Fuller's letter to Governor Stone. " Sir, I find the inhabitants of these parts wholly disaffected, not to the thing, but the time of year, on account of a want of vessels and the frozen waters."

In 1652, Governor Stone issued his proclamation that inform- ation from Captain William Fuller of the want of soldiers, apparel and the unseasonable time induced him to relinquish the move- ment and discharge the forces raised." In the meantime, an im- portant treaty was that year made "at the River of Severn" with the Susquehannock Indians, by which Richard Bennett, Edward Lloyd, Thomas Marsh, William Fuller and Leonard Strong, com- missioners upon the part of the English settlers, had secured all the land lying on the west side of the Chesapeak Bay, from the Patuxent River unto Palmer's Island, which island was recorded as belonging to William Claiborne, along with the Isle of Kent. That treaty was pointedly indicative that the two chief owners of the land of the Province, were by those commissioners, considered to be the Susquehannock Indians, and Captain William Claiborne, of Virginia. This treaty was made under the big popular on College Green. These men preferred to secure their rights and protection by means of a treaty rather than through the hazards of war.

This act showed wisdom in an age when might generally secured right. That treaty also shows the cause of their delay in taking up grants from the proprietary. They were already seated upon lands which their Commander Edward Lloyd, had been authorized to have surveyed for them. The claim to the province was known to be in dispute. Parliament was in control in England, and they were more in sympathy with the parliamentary leaders than with the faith and requirements of the proprietary. They saw the coming conflict and awaited its results, believing that the final issues would be more favorable to them.

These are the unwritten reasons that actuated the settlers of Anne Arundel. Whether they were right or wrong, the history of succeeding events showed that their judgment was well founded, for even though the proprietary held his patent under Cromwell, his son and successor was destined to lose it, by rebellions still more active.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 19

We come now to a clash of arms for the mastery of contending claims. Leonard Strong, the settler's historian, and John Langford, the historian of Lord Baltimore, in their respective publications, give us some contemporary records of that contest. Strong's pam- phlet was "Babylon's Fall", and Langford's was " A Refutation of Babylon's Fall."

Strong declared that John Langford, and not Governor Stone, had invited them to come. "They were received and protected, but an oath to Lord Baltimore was urged upon them soon after their coming up from Virginia, which, if they did not take, they must have no land or abiding place in the Province." This was the oath of fidelity attached to the "Conditions of Plantation," issued by the proprietary in 1648. Strong further adds, "That they must swear to uphold that government and those officers who were sworn to countenance and uphold the Roman Catholic Church."

John Langford in answer wrote, in 1655: "That there was nothing promised by m}^ lord or Captain Stone to them, but what was performed. Thej'^ were first acquainted by Captain Stone be- fore they came there, with that oath of fidelity, which was to be taken by those who would have any land there from his lordship. That the terms were well known, and they were not forced to come or stay. He denied that the oath "was to uphold the Roman Catholic Church," but urged that the officers were Protestants, and that the oath of fidelity bound no man to maintain any other juris- diction of my lord's than what is granted in the patent. He boldly charged Mr. Strong's people with a desire " to exercise more absolute dominion than mj^ Lord Baltimore ever did. Not content to enjoy, as they did, freedom of conscience for themselves, they were anxious for the liberty to debar others from like freedom."

The next witnesses are the settlers themselves, under their own names, in 1653, in formal and dignified appeal, as follows:

PETITIONS TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE

COMMONWEALTH 1653.

To Hon. Richard Bennett and Colonel Wm. Claiborne, Esqs., Commissioners of the Commonwealth of England, from Virginia and Maryland." It was styled, "The Humble Petition of the Commissioners and Inhabitants of Severne, alias Anne Arundel County, Showwith," and reads: "That, whereas, we were invited and encouraged by Captain Stone, the Lord Baltimore's Governor of Maryland, to remove ourselves and estates into the province, with promise of enjoying the liberty of conscience in matter of religion, and all other privileges of English subjects. And your petitioners did, upon this ground, with great cost, labor and danger, remove ourselves, and have been at great charges in building and clearing. Now the Lord Baltimore imposeth an oath upon us by proclamation, which, if we do not take in three months, all of our lands are to be seized, for his lordship's use. This oath, we con-

20 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

ceive not agreeable to the terms on which we came hither. We have complained of this grievance to the late Hon. Council of State, which never received an answer, such as might clear the lawlessness of such, but an aspersion cast upon us of being factious fellows. In consideration whereof, we humbly tend to our condition intreating your honors to relieve us according to the power, wherewith you are intrusted by the Commonwealth of England. Severn River, Jan- uary 3rd, 1663."

This petition was signed by Edward Lloyd, and seventy-seven others of the house-keepers, freemen, and inhabitants of the Severn.

The people of North Patuxent sent a similar petition, dated March the 1st, 1653, signed by Richard Preston and sixty others.

On March the 12th, 1653, Bennett and Claiborne returned an answer, encouraging the petitioners of the Severn and Patuxent, "to continue in your due obedience to the Commonwealth of Eng- land and not to be drawn aside by any pretense of power from Lord Baltimore's agents, or any other, whatsoever to the contrary."

PROCLAHATION OF 1653.

Governor Stone, in 1653, issued his final call for taking up lands under the conditions of plantations, as then existing.

In that proclamation, in the face of his promise to the Parlia- mentary Commissioners, he declared that the oath of fidelity and writs "must be in the proprietor's name." During that year the Little Parliament had surrendered its powers to Cromwell, the Pro- tector. Governor Stone issued his proclamation in compliance with the change. The next strike at the settlers of Anne Arundel was in 1654, when Robert Brooke, the commander of Charles County, because of his support of them, was deprived of his command by the erection of Calvert County out of the territory of Charles County. This change was intended to cripple the power of Robert Brooke, the commander. Governor Stone next charged the settlers of Anne Arundel with drawing away the people, and leading them into faction, rebellion, and sedition against Lord Baltimore.

This charge caused Bennett and Claiborne to return to Mary- land, to look after Governor Stone. They claimed to come under authority of the Lord Protector. But Leonard Strong, even, did not state that they bore an order from Cromwell, and Mr. Langford denied that they had any authority from the Protector. They, however, went before Governor Stone and his Council, who return- ing uncivil answers, called together his men, to surprise said Com- missioners. The latter " in a quiet and peaceable manner, with some people of Patuxent and Severn, went over on the Calvert side of the Patuxent, and then proceeded into St. Mary's, meeting no op- position. There Captain Stone sent a message that he would treat with them in the woods; fearful of the coming of a party from Vir- ginia, Stone condescended to lay down his power, and submit again to such a government as the commissioners should appoint under

Founders or Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 21

the authority of the protector." On July 22nd, 1654, the commis- sioners, then at Patuxent, issued this order: " For the public admin- istration of justice. Captain William P'uller, Mr. Richard Preston, Mr. William Durand, Mr. Edward Lloyd, Captain John Smith, Mr. Leonard Strong, Mr. John Lawson, Mr. John Hatch, Mr. Richard Wells and Mr. Richard Ewen — with the first three of the Quorum. They were empowered to call an assembly at the Patuxent, the home of Colonel Preston, but all who bore arms, against parliament, or were of the Roman Catholic faith, were to be deprived of vote. William Durand was made Secretary of State, and Mr. Thomas Hatton was ordered to deliver to him the papers of his office.

The assembly met at Patuxent, October 20th, 1654, and sat as one house. Colonel Richard Preston was made speaker; Thomas Hatten and Job. Chandler, delegates from St. Mary's, refused to sit because they had taken an oath to Lord Baltimore. They were taxed with the necessary expense to elect their successors. It was then declared that "henceforth all power in this province is held by the protector and parliament." Further, "that no Catholic can be protected in his faith, but be restrained from the exercise thereof."

This assembly further enacted that "all those that transport themselves or others into this province, have a right to land by virtue of their transportation. That all may enter their rights of land in their respective courts, and also, may enter caveat for such a particular tract of land as they shall take up."

This revolt culminated in an act making "null and void" the proclamation of Lord Baltimore which read, "that all who would not submit to his authority should be declared rebels."

This act meant war, and war was now at hand.

Chapter IL

THE BATTLE OF THE SEVERN.

An important letter now arrived. It was written by Lord J Baltimore, and was addressed to Governor Stone. It was in care j of Wm. Eltonhead, a messenger, who came in Captain Tilghman's « "Golden Fortune."

That letter censured Governor Stone for yielding up his author- ity without a struggle, and renewed his instructions for action. J Eltonhead further announced that Lord Baltimore still held his

I patent, and that his Highness, the Protector, had neither taken the ' patent nor land.

This letter and the assured support of Eltonhead gave Gover- nor Stone new life. He at once organized a military company. Sending Hammond, the historian, and others to the house of Colonel Richard Preston, the provencial records were seized and brought back.

John Hammond thus describes his venture: "Governor Stone sent me to fetch the records. I went unarmed amongst these sons of Thunder, only three or four to row me, and despite all their braves of raising the country, calling in his servants to apprehend me, threatened me with the severity of their new made law, myself alone seized and carried away the records in defiance."

Governor Stone now started for the Severn. He had gathered two hundred men and eleven vessels. They marched along the bay coast, using the vessels to ferry them across the rivers.

Before arriving at Herring Creek, they were met by two sets of messengers, sent in boats by the people of Providence. The first messenger was to demand his power and the ground of such pro- ceedings. The Governor's reply was not satisfactory, as shown by the following letter from Secretary William Durand.

"For Captain Wm. Stone, Esq. Sir, — The people of these parts have met together and considered the present transactions on your part, and have not a little marvelled that no other answer of the last message hath been made than what tended rather to make men desperate than conformable. Yet, being desirous of peace, do once again present to your serious consideration these ensuing proposals as the mind of the people. 1st. If you will govern us so as we will enjoy the liberty of English subjects. 2nd. And that we be and remain indemnified in respect of our engagement, and all former acts relating to the reducement and government. 3rd. That those who are minded to depart the province may freely do it without any prejudice to themselves or their estates. We are content to own yourself as governor, and submit to your government. If not, we

Founders op Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 23

are resolved to submit ourselves into the hands of God, and rather die like men than be made slaves. — William Durand, Secretary."

Roger Heamans records: "But no answer to this was returned, but the same paper in scorn, sent back again."

Governor Stone not only made no answer, but detained the messengers in order to surprise the settlers.

Leonard Strong records: "Governor Stone, on his arrival at Herring Creek, captured one of Captain Fuller's commissioners and forced another man of quality to fly for his life, having threatened to hang him up to his door, and not finding the man, frightened his wife and plundered the house of amunition and provision, threatening still what they would do to the people of Providence and that they would force the factious Roundheads to submit, and then they would show their power."

Governor Stone later sent Dr. Luke Barber and Mr. Coursey to go on before to Providence, bearing a proclamation to the people of Anne Arundel, in which he declared, " in the presence of Almighty God, that he came not in the hostile way to do them any hurt, but sought all means possible to reclaim them by faire meanes."

Dr. Barber adds: "He gave strict command that if they met any Anne Arundel men, they should not fire the first gun, nor upon pain of death, plunder any upon the march."

Strong records: "The messengers having no other treaty to offer, they were quietly dismissed to their own company, to whom they might have gone if they would." They did not, however, re- turn. After sending another messenger and none returning, on the evening of the same day, the Governor with his fleet, made his ap- pearance in the Severn.

Captain Fuller in command of the Anne Arundel forces, called a council together and dispatched Secretary Durand to the merchant- ship. Golden Lyon, Roger Heamans master, then lying in the harbor. Durand, by proclamation in the name of the Lord Protector and Commonwealth of England, summoned Heamans to aid in this ser- vice of maintaining the lives, liberties and estates of the free subjects thereof.

Heamans, in his defense, confirmed Strong's mission, and adds: "After seeing the equity of the cause and the groundless proceed- ings of the enemy, I offered myself, ship and men for that service, to be directed by said councilors."

Hammond declares that there is not a syllable of truth in Hea- man's pamphlet, and charges that he was "hired." Heamans was, without doubt, a sympathizing friend, and he gives, from his com- manding position, the following intelligent review of the contest:

"In the very shutting up of the dayhght, the ship's company descried off, a company of sloops and boats, making toward the ship. Whereupon the Council on board, and the ship's company would have made shot at them, but this relator commanded them to forbear, and went himself upon the poop in the stern of the ship,

24 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

and hailed them several times, and no answer was made; he then ordered them not to come nearer the ship. His mates and company, having had information of their threatenings, as well against the ship as the poor distressed people, resolved to fire upon them with- out their commander's consent, rather than hazard all by the enemy's nearer approach; whereupon, he ordered them to fire a gun at random, to divert their course from the ship, but the enemy kept still its course right with the ship, and took no notice of any warning given. He then commanded his gunner to fire at them, / but one of his mates^Mr. Robert MorriSj)who knew the country ' very well, the malice oi the adversary against the people, who were then near worn out with fears and watchings, made a shot at them, which came fairly with them. Whereupon they suddenly altered their course from the ship, and rowed into the creek, calling the ship's company, rogues, roundhead rogues, and dogs, and with many execrations and railings, threatened to fire them on the morning."

"Governor Stone," says Bozman, "did not think it proper to pay any attention to this signal of war, as it appeared; but having arrived within the mouth of the creek, which forms the southern boundary of the peninsula on which the city of Annapolis now stands, proceeded to land his men on a peninsular which lies on the southern side of both the River Severn, and the before mentioned creek, nearly opposite to, and in an eastern direction from what is called the dock, or inner harbor of Annapolis; and on which point a small fortress called 'Fort Horn,' was afterwards built during the Revolutionary War. During the landing of the governor's men, the Golden Lyon repeated its fire. Whereupon, Governor Stone sent a messenger on board to inform the captain that he (Governor Stone) thought 'the captain of the ship had been satisfied.' To which Heamans replied, 'Satisfied with what? I never saw any power Captain Stone had, to do as he hath done, but the superscription of a letter; I must and will appear for these in a good cause.' "

Heamans continues : " The same night came further intelligence from the enemy in the harbor, that they were making fire-works against the ship. Whereupon, the governor (Fuller, whose prudence and valor in this business deserves very much honor), commanded a small ship of Captain Cuts, of New England, to lye in the mouth of the creek, to prevent the enemy's coming forth in the night, to work any mischief against the ship.

The next morning, by break of day, being the Lord's day, the

25th of March last, the Relator, himself, and company discovered

Captain Stone, with his whole body drawn out and coming toward

V the water's side; marching with drums beating, colors flying — the

- colors were black and yellow, appointed by the Lord Proprietary.

"There was not the least token of any subjugation in Stone and his company, or acknowledgement of the Lord Protector of England, but God bless the Lord Proprietary; and their rayling against his ship's company was rogues, and roundheaded rogues, etc."

FOUK-DERS OF AnXE ArUXDEL AND HoWARD COUNTIES. 25

When Stone had reached the shore, the Golden Lyon and Cap- tain Cut's vessel opened fire upon them, killing one man and com- pelling Stone to retire up the neck. Dr. Barber and Mrs. Stone, / both confirmed this statement. Mrs. Stone added: "the gunner's/ mate of Heamans, since coming down from Anne Arundel to Patux- ent, hath boasted that he shot the first man that was shot of our party."

In the meantime Captain Fuller with 170 men, embarked in boats; going "over the river some six miles from the enemy," he landed and made a circuit round the creek in order to get in the rear of Stone's forces. Upon Fuller's approach, a sentry of Stone's army fired a gun, which brought on an engagement, thus described by Leonard Strong.

"Captain Fuller still expecting that, then at last, possibly Governor Stone might give a reason of his coming, commanded his men, upon pain of death, not to shoot a gun, or give the first onset. Setting up the Standard of the Commonwealth of England, against which the enemy shot five or six guns, they killed one man in the front before a shot was made by the other." (That man was WiUiam Ayers, the standard bearer.) "Then the word was given, 'In the name of God fall on ' ; ' God is our strength ' — that was the word of Providence. The Maryland word was, 'Hey! for St. Maries.'

"The charge was fierce and sharp for a time; but through the glorious presence of the Lord of Hosts the enemy could not endure, but gave back and were so effectually charged home, that they were all routed, turned their backs, threw down their arms, and begged for mercy. After the first shot a small company of the enemy from behind a great tree fallen, galled us, and wounded divers of our men, but were soon beaten off. Of the whole company of Marylanders there escaped only four or five, who ran away out of the army to carry the news to their confederates. Captain Stone, Colonel Peirce, Captain Gerrard, Captain Lewis, Captain Fendall, Captain Guyther Major Chandler and all the rest of the councillors, officers and sol- diers of the Lord Baltimore, among whom were a great number of Papists, were taken; and so were all their vessels, arms, ammunition, provisions. About fifty men were slain and wounded. (Mr. Thomas Hatton, late secretary of the province, was one of the slain). We lost only two in the field, but two died since of their wounds. God did appear wonderful in the field and in the hearts of the people; all confessing him to be the worker of this victory and deliverance."

Heamans adds : " All the arms, bag and baggage was taken, together with the boats that brought them; wherein was the pre- parations and fuses for the firing of the ship 'Golden Lyon.' And amongst the rest of their losses, all their consecrated ware was taken, viz : their pictures, crucifixes, and rows of beads, with a great store of reliques and trash they trusted in."

Dr. Barber records: "After the skirmish, the governor, upon quarter given him and all his company in the field, yielded to be prisoners; but two or three days after, the victors condemned ten

26 FouxDEES OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

to death, and executed four, and had executed all had not the in- cessant petitioning and begging of some good women saved them, and the soldiers, others. The governor himself being condemned by them, and since begged by the soldiers; some being saved just as they were leading out to execution."

The four who were shot were William Eltonhead, of Governor Stones' council. Captain William Lewis, John Legatt and John Pedro. Governor Stone was wounded. His wife, Virlinda Stone,, wrote a confirmatory letter of the above contest to Lord Baltimore, in which she called Heamans of the "Golden Lyon," "& very knave, for he hath abused my husband most grossly."

The deposition of Henry Coursey, one of Governor Stone's mes- sengers, sheds this further light on the contest: "Governor Stone and most of his party, (after their surrender), were transported over the river to a fort at Anne Arundel, where they were all kept prisoners, and about three days after, the said Captain Fuller, William Burgess, Richard Ewen, Leonard Strong, William Durand, Roger Heamans, John Browne, John Cuts, Richard Smith, one Thomas, and one Bes- son, Samson Warren, Thomas Mears, and one Crouch, sat in a council of war, and there condemned the said Governor, Captain Stone, Colonel John Price, Mr. Job. Chandler, Mr. William Eltonhead, Mr. Robert Clark, Nicholas Geyther, Captain Wilham Evans, Captain Wm. Lewis, Mr. John Legat and John Pedro to die, and not long afterward they sequestered all the estates of those of Lord Balti- more's council and other officers there."

Mr. Coursey further adds, in opposition to Strong's statement: "When Mr. Barber and said deponent went up to the Severn with Governor Stone's proclamation, the said Captain Fuller would not suffer them to read it. They found the people all in arms, and refus- ing to give any obedience thereto they were dismissed; but suddenly, before they could get away, were taken prisoners, whereby Governor Stone was prevented of any answer."

The Severn men being thus masters of the province, the dominion of the proprietary seemed now at an end. The pretensions of Vir- ginia were renewed. Documents in opposition of the restoration poured in upon the Protector, but the committee on trade and plan- tations, to which Cromwell had referred Lord Baltimore's claim, reported in his favor in 1656. A strong party in Maryland were still loyal to him. Among these advocates was Josias Fendall, who received, in 1656, a commission from Lord Baltimore as Governor of Maryland, to be aided by the following councilors: Captain Wm, Stone, Mr. Thomas Gerald, Colonel John Price, Mr. Job. Chandler and Mr. Luke Barber. Before Fendall could organize his govern- ment, the Severn's Provincial Council, composed of Captain William Fuller, Edward Lloyd, Richard Wells, Captain Richard Ewen, Thomas Marsh, and Thomas Meeres, in August, 1656, caused Fen- dall's arrest on the charge "of dangerousness to the public peace." He denied the power of the court to try him. The verdict of the court was: "Whereas Josias Fendall, gent, hath been charged,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 27

contrary to his oath, with disturbance of public peace, for assuming a pretended power from Captain William Stone, he the said Josias Fendall, shall go to the place from whence he came a prisoner, and there abide in safe custody until the matters of goA'^ernment in the Province of Maryland be further settled by his Highness Lord Pro- tector." Fendall, tired of imprisonment, took an oath that he would abide by the present government until there be a full deter- mination of the matter."

Each party was now anxious to defend itself before the Pro- tector. Dr. Luke Barber, who stood well with both Lord Baltimore and the Protector, though detained by the Puritans, wrote a letter to the Protector, but when released, carried it with him and delivered it in person. It, no doubt, had its effect in the subsequent fair treatment of Lord Baltimore's claim by the Protector. Bennett went to England to settle matters with Cromwell and labored hard by a recital of all the provocations, to defend the action of his asso- ciates in their abuse of the law of nations. He gave an extended review, in which he assigned many reasons why the Proprietary's claim should be abrogated, but the favorable report of the Board of Trade a had marked effect in strengthening the claim of Lord Balti- more. Bennett was a diplomatist of no mean order, and he saw the time had come for compromise. He, therefore, met Lord Baltimore in a conciliatory spirit and finally secured about all for which he had contended. Whilst this compromise was being accomplished in England, a commission was issued October 25th, 1656, to Josias Fendall, as Governor of Maryland, wdth instructions to carry out the proclamation guaranteeing religious liberty to all. He granted "his faithful friends, Fendall 2,000 acres, Luke Barber 1,000 acres, Thomas Trueman 1,000, George Thompson 1,000, John Sandford 1,000, and Henry Coursey 1,000 acres. He further ordered that especial care be taken of the widows of Thomas Hatton, William Eltonhead and Captain Lewis.

Philip Calvert, his brother, was sent over as Secretary of the Province and one of the Governor's Council. Mr. Barber was depu- tised acting-governor during the absence of Governor Fendall. At that time the settlers upon the Patuxent and Seyern numbered about one-half of the population of the Province.

In 1657, Captain Fuller called an Assembly to meet at the home of Colonel Richard Preston, on the Patuxent. The lower house con- sisted of ten members, with Colonel Richard Ewen speaker. There were present, besides the speaker. Captain Robert Sley, Captain Joseph Weeks, Mr. Robert Taylor, Captain Thomas Besson, Mr. Peter Sharp, Captain Phil Morgan, Mr. Richard Brooks and Mr. James Johnson. They confirmed the "Act of Recognition." On the 30th of November, 1657, Lord Baltimore and Richard Bennett completed their compromise. In substance it was an agreement by Lord Baltimore to overlook the disturbance of the Severn; to grant patents of land to all the Puritan settlers who could claim them, by taking an altered oath of fidelity, — whilst the law granting free-

28 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

dom of religion should stand as proclaimed in 1649. Bennett and Matthews signed the agreement with Lord Baltimore. Governor ) Fendall, who had been called to England for further instructions, | returned to the province in 1658. He called his council together/ at St. Mary's, and sent letters to Wm. Fuller, Richard Preston and others composing the government at Providence, desiring them to give him and his secretary. Captain Thomas Cornwalhs, a meeting at Leonard's Creek, in Patuxent River, upon March 18th, following, in order to carry out the agreement, already signed by Lord Balti- more and Richard Bennett, a copy of which was sent them.

On account of the stormy season, the delegates of Anne Arundel did not arrive until the 20th. They were Captain Wm. Fuller, Mr. Richard Preston, Mr. Edward Lloyd, Mr. Thomas Meeres, Mr. Philip Thomas, and Mr. Samuel Withers. The day being well spent all business was postponed until Monday 22nd. Upon reading the article of agreement. Captain Fuller and his council objected to several articles, and urged that "indemnity on both sides" should be added; this was agreed to. The oath of fidelity was amended by the Anne Arundel men to waive it for all persons then resident in the porvince, but to stand in force to all others. The Anne Arundel men further urged and secured confirmation of all past proceedings done by them in their assemblies and courts since 1652; and, lastly, insisted that none of them should be disarmed, to be left to the mercy of the Indians. Having thus secured still greater compromises than their leader in England had asked, the final agree- ment, as amended, was then signed by all present.

After which the Anne Arimdel commissioners proceeded to give up the records.

After the lapse of six years, his Lordship's dominion was again restored, yet the settlers were still independent. Governor Fendall and his secretary had, in 1657, at a meeting on the Severn, taken / up the settlement of Anne Arundel and ordered, " That Wm. Bur- ' gess, Thomas Meeres, Robert Burle, Thomas Todde, Roger Grosse, Thomas Howell, Richard Wells, Richard Ewen, John Brewer, An- thony Salway and Richard Woolman, gentlemen, should be com- missioners for said county, to appear by summons of the sheriff, at the house of Edward Lloyd, to take oath of Commissioners and Justices of the Peace, and that the 23rd instant should be the first court day. — (By order of the Governor and Secretary, Mr. Nathaniel Utie, at Anne Arundel, July 12th, 1657)."

The warrant was issued by Captain John Norwood, Sheriff. Wm. Burgess, Thomas Meeres and Richard Ewen refused to take the oath of Commissioners of Justice, alleging, as an excuse, that it was not lawful to swear.

Their pleas were refused and Captain Thomas Besson, Captain Howell and Thomas Taylor were appointed in their stead.

Then was taken up the establishment of militia force. It was resolved that the forces be divided into two regiments. One for the Potomac and Patuxent Rivers, commanded by the governor

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 29

himself; the other, from the coves up to the Severn, and including the Isle of Kent, to be commanded by Nathaniel Utie, assisted by ^ Captain John Cumber, Major Richard Ewen and Captain Thomas ' Howell, oiTSouth'River, up to the head of it.

These orders were made whilst Maryland was still under the divided government. Fuller and his council were in control of the ;i northern section, and Governor Barber, representing Fendall, ruled j St. Maries. '

A writ was issued in 1657, to Captain John Norwood, to choose burgesses for an assembly to be held at St. Leonard's, in the County of Calvert. The assembly met at St. Leonard's in 1658. It was there enacted, "That the oath of fidelity shall not be pressed upon the people of the province, but instead, a promise to submit to the anthority of the Right Honorable Cecilius Lord Baltimore, and his heirs within the province, and that none should be disarmed." ' This was agreed to by Captain Josias Fendall and Philip Cal-

vert, principal secretary. It was also assented to by the Upper and Lower House of Burgesses.

At the session of 1659, the House of Delegates demanded that the governor and his council should no longer sit as an Upper House. / Fendall at first resisted this, but finally yielded and took his

I seat in the Lower House. The Upper House was then declared ' dissolved. Finally, Fendall resigned his commission from Lord Pro- prietary, into the hands of the Assembly, and accepted a new one from that body in their own name, and by their own authority.

This bold desertion was soon met by the appointing of Philip / Calvert governor, of the province. Fendall was arrested, tried but ; I respited. Thirty years of prosperity and quiet submission now sue- , ceeded the stormy revolutions just recorded. Cromwell had passed ' away, and Charles II. had been proclaimed king.

When Philip Calvert assumed the government in 1660, the num- ber of inhabitants was twelve thousand. During the succeeding decade it had increased to twenty thousand.

Immigrants, direct from England, began to settle upon the Severn and South Rivers, and in some cases, to buy up the claims of the earlier settlers. Governor Calvert was authorized to use ex- treme measures against the leaders of the late rebellion, but he contented himself in issuing a proclamation for the arrest of Captain Fuller for sedition. Even this was not carried out, and many re-' mained in the province.

The impetus of immigration, after 1660, was distinctly shown upon the Rent Rolls of the county. Upon Broad Neck Hundred additional surveys reached up to the Magothy. Thomas Homewood, William Hopkins, and Richard Young, were near the Magothy.

Matthew Howard resurveyed "Howard's Inheritance," adjoin- ing WilHam Hopkins. Thomas Underwood located upon Ferry Creek. Thomas Turner settled as a neighbor of Edward Lloyd and Richard Young. These surveys extended north to the Patapsco, and later to the Susquehanna, Bush and Deer Creek, of Harford County.

30 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

MIDDLE NECK HUNDRED AFTER 1660.

South-side Severn settlements were increased in 1662. Matthew Howard, who had come up from Lower Norfolk, Virginia, in 1650, with his neighbor and relative, Edward Lloyd, had died before 1659, but his five sons now came. They were Captain Cornelius Howard, of " Howard's Heirship and Chance" ; Samuel Howard, of " Howard's Hope"; John Howard, of "Howard's Interest"; all adjoining near Round Bay. Philip and Matthew were on North Severn. In 1664, the three sons of Edward Dorsey, the immigrant of 1650 — relatives of the Howards — took up and patented their father's survey of " Hockley-in-the-Hole." They were Colonel Edward Dorsey, Joshua and Hon. John Dorsey, prominent leaders in political movements, and representatives in legislative measures.

Adjoining these, Nicholas Wyatt extended his surveys of "Way- field," which was bought by Richard Warfield. Henry Sewell sur- veyed " Hope" and " Increase." General John Hammond held a large estate east of the Howards. James Warner adjoined them in " War- ner's Neck." John Mackubin surveyed "Timber Neck," on Broad Creek. Henry Pierpoint's "Diamond" adjoined Nicholas Wyatt, Richard Warfield and Thomas Browne. These surveys were nine miles west of Annapolis.

SOUTH RIVER HUNDRED AFTER 1660.

Patents were issued upon beautiful South River, in 1660, for "Burgess Right," for Captain Edward Burgess; "Burgh" and "Burgess Choice," for Colonel William Burgess; "Pole Cat Hill" and "Round About Hills," for John Gaither; "Edward's Neck," for John Edwards; "Chaney's Neck," for Richard Chaney; "Bald- win's Addition," for John Baldwin; "Watkins Hope," for John Watkins; "The Landing," for Robert Proctor; " Larkins' Hills," for John Larkin; "Poplar Ridge," for Colonel Nicholas Gassaway; " Herrington," for Samuel Chew; " Todd's Range," for Thomas Todd.

Chapter III.

THE QUAKERS.

In 1658, when the "Non-Conformists" had settled down to accept "the engagement" instead of the "oath of fidelity," and Edward Lloyd had been elevated to the governor's council, new rebels appeared in the province. "The Governor (Fendall) took j; into consideration the insolent behavior of some people called jf Quakers, who, at court, would stand covered and refuse to sign " the engagement.' He therefore ordered, 'That they must do so, or depart from the province.' "

The coming of these Quakers had a marked effect upon the stern Virginia settlers who had preceeded them. At first their refusal to abide b}^ the orders to which the)'- were opposed, created much discontent, but their gentle manners soon brought friends.

Elizabeth Harris, wife of a prosperous London merchant, was among the first to brave the wilds to speak of the love of Jesus.

After her return to England, a convert named Robert Clarkson, wrote as follows: "Dear Heart: I salute thee in tender love of the Father, which moved thee towards us, and do own thee to have been outward testimony to the inward truth, on me and others, even as many as the Lord, in tender love and mercy, did give an ear to hear. And likewise, John Baldwin and Henry Carline, Thomas Cole and William Cole, have made open confession of the truth, (the latter became a Quaker preacher in 1662, and was imprisoned at Jamestown for violating the statutes). William Fuller abides un- moved, (this was the Captain of the Severn). I know not but that Wm. Durand doth the like. He frequents our meetings but seldom. We have disposed of our books, which were sent, so that all parts are furnished, and every one that desires it may have the benefit by them. At Herrring Creek, Roads River, South River, all about Severn, the Broadneck and there about, the Severn Mountains, and Kent.

" With my dear love, I salute thy husband, and rest with thee and the gathered ones in the eternal word, which abideth forever."

Thus, in 1657, before the arrival of Cole and Thurston, the planting of Quakerism had commenced and Preston, Berry and the more sober-minded citizens, listened gladly to the tenets of the society. The Non-Conformists who came from Virginia, not able in their scattered residences, to support a pastor, willingly listened to preaching of the Gospel by the new sect, developed by the agitators of the Cromwellian era.

Feeling that his stay must be brief, the feet of Fox had scarcely touched the sands of the Fautuxent before he began to preach.

32 Founders of Axxe Aruxdel and Hoavard Counties.

He spoke at the Severn, where the members were so great that no building was large enough to hold the congregation. The next day he was at Abraham Birkheads, six or seven miles distant, and there the Speaker of the Assembly was convinced. Then, mount- ing his horse, he rode to Dr. Peter Sharpe's at the Cliffs of Calvert. Here was a "heavenly meeting." Many of the upper sort of people present, and the wife of one of the governor's councilors, was con- vinced. From thence he rode eighteen miles to James Preston's^ on the Patuxent, where an Indian chief and some of his tribe came to see the strange man, who was lifting up his voice like John the Baptist, in the wilderness. His labors were incessant; neither wintry sleet nor the burning sun detained. He forded the streams, slept in woods and barns, with as much serenity as in the comfort- able houses of his friends, and was truly a wonder to many.

Before he returned to England, he went up to Annapolis, at- tended a meeting of the Provincial Assembty, and early in 1673^ sailed for his native land.

Mr. Edmondson, the Quaker preacher, when in Virginia, made this report: "Richard Bennett stopped to hear me preach. He was then known as Major General Bennett; he said he was a man of great estate, and as many of our friends were poor men, he desired to contribute with them. He asked me to his house. He was a solid, wise man, receiving the truth and died in the same, leaving two Friends his executors."

Another view of the early church in Anne Arundel, is here given. Rev. John Yoe, of the Church of England, appeared in Maryland, in 1675. He was disturbed by the movements of the Quakers, Baptists, and Roman Catholics, and other Non-Conformists. From the Patuxent, in 1676, he wrote to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the following letter:

"Most Reverend Father, — Be pleased to pardon this presump- tion of mine, in presenting to your serious notice these rude lines, to acquaint your grace with ye deplorable estate and condition of the Province of Maryland, for want of an established ministry.

" Here are, in this province, ten to twelve thousand souls, and but three Protestant ministers to us, yet are conformable to ye doc- trine and discipline of ye Church of England. Society here is in great necessity of able and learned men, to confront the gainsa3^ers,' especially having so many professed enemies. Yet one thing can- not be obtained here, viz: consecration of churches and church- yards to ye end ye Christians might be decently buried together. Whereas, now, they bury in the several plantations where thev lived."

This letter was referred to the Bishop of London, who returned it to Lord Baltimore, who replied: "That the act of 1649, confirmed in 1676, tolerated and protected every sect." And, he continued, " Four ministers of the Church of England are in possession of planta- tions which offered them a decent substance." The four referred to

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 33

were probably Rev. Mr. Yeo, Coode, the political agitator, Matthew Hill, and a minister sent by Charles the Second.

Six clergymen came during Governor Nicholson's administra- tion. Rev. Ethan Allen names. Rev. Duell Pead, Mr. Crawford, Mr. Moore, Mr. Lillingstone and Mr. Vanderbush.

Rev. Thomas Bray, who in 1696, had been appointed Commis- sary for the clergy, in company with Sir Thomas Lawrence, Secretary of Maryland, waited on Anne, Princess of Denmark, to request her acceptance of the respect shown her by naming the capital of Mary- land, Annapolis.

Rev. Mr. Bray, having received a donation for libraries from the Princess, presented books to the amount of ^400 to the capital. On their covers is stamped, "De Bibliothica Annapolitana." Arriv- ing in March, 1700, Rev. Mr. Bray preached before the Assembly at Annapolis, when the Church of England was re-established.

(Neil.)

The Quakers, as seen by the above quotations, had meeting houses in every section of Anne Arundel. At their meeting-house at West River, there is still a well-preserved graveyard. To their meetings came the Galloways, Murrays, Richardsons, Chestons, Jones, Chews, Hookers, Lawrences, Birkheads, and many others of the in- fluential families, who later joined the Episcopal Church. It was in their meeting houses that George Fox was gladly received, when during that remarkable visit, he won over the staunch Puritans unto zealous Quakers. Governor Fendall, who had ordered them to be banished, had " to depart the province" himself, but the gentle Quakers w-on friends, and, like the Non-Conformists, did pretty much as they pleased, yet still held their faith and kept their hats on. In fact, the province was the resort for all kinds of rebels.

Governor Fendall was banished to Virginia, but returned and defended himself with such ability, he was acquitted. As will be seen later, he left descendants, who became leaders in the families of Maryland.

In 1662, Philip Calvert was superseded by Hon. Charles Calvert, son of the Lord Proprietary, who continued as governor until the death of his father in 1675, by which he became proprietor.

In 1680 he assumed the government in person for four years. During that time, Ex-Governor Fendall and Captain John Coode attempted to excite another rebellion. This was under the pretense of religion, but failing in it, they were arrested, tried and convicted, but escaped.

This attempt was but the precursor of the coming revolution in England, which later, was severely felt in Maryland.

From the victory of the Severn, in 1655, to the year 1683, when Annapolis was made a port of entry, there in not a single event recorded as a history of Anne Arundel. To fill this gap, I will now give the outhnes of the county, some of its officers, and the biography of many who made history in that quarter of the century.

Chapter IV.

BOUNDARIES OF THE COUNTIES.

The original and indefinite act of 1650, setting off Anne Arundel County, "embraced all that part of the province, on the west side of the Chesapeake Bay, over against the Isle of Kent, called Pro- vidence by the people thereof."

The land grants show that the people of Providence extended from Herring Creek on the south, to the Patapsco River on the north, with the Severn as a central meeting place.

During 1650, an order was passed erecting Charles County out of the territory on the south side of the Patuxent. This order was a county grant to Hon. Robert Brooke, a special friend of Lord Balti- more, who with his family of forty persons, including his servants, had seated himself about twenty miles north of the mouth of the Patuxent. When Robert Brooke later became a leader in the in- dependent movement of the Virginia settlers, he was deprived of his command by changing the name of Charles County to Calvert County, which had its northern limit at "a creek on the west side of the Chesapeake Bay, called Herring Bay."

After the Commissioners of Parliament had, in the ensuing October, 1654, displaced Governor Stone, an ordinance was passed declaring that "all the lands extending from Marshe's Creek down the bay, including all the lands on the south side of the bay and cliffs, with the north and south sides of the Patuxent River, shall constitute a county, to be called, as it is, "Patuxent County."

Upon the restoration of the proprietary grovernment, in 1658, all of the previous acts were annulled, and the boundaries and the names made by the Council of July 3rd, 1654, were restored. The question so rested until 1674, when the proprietary declared by pro- clamation, "That the north side of the Patuxent River, beginning at the north side of Lyon's Creek, shall be added to Anne Arundel County."

One hundred years later, 1777, in order to determine the eligi- bility of Mr. Mackall, the House of Delegates declared, "that the creek, at present called Fishing Creek, was the reputed and long received boundary between the two counties."

Nearly a half century later, 1832, an act was passed, appoint- ing commissioners to ascertain and establish the divisional lines.

In 1823, the commissioners reported a compromise line beginning at the mouth of Muddy, or Red Lion's Creek. Anne Arundel Coimty did not claim that its limits extended to Herring Creek, the boundary assigned by the order of 1652, but that Marsh's Creek, being the conceded boundary, the dispute was as to the true location of that creek. Calvert County claimed that Marsh's Creek, named for Thomas Marsh, the first Anne Arundel commissioner, was a creek

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 35

falling into Herring Creek, near its mouth, and extending westward- ly with that creek to one of the heads of Lyon's Creek, and thence with Lyon's Creek to the Patuxent. Anne Arundel County claimed that Marsh's Creek was what is now known as Fishing Creek, By the act of 1824, Fishing Creek was made the division line on the bay and the south, or middle creek, on the Patuxent. " In duration and the difficulty of arriving at a satisfactory result, the contest between Anne Arundel and Calvert was not unlike that between Lord Balti- more and the Penns.

"But the identity of Marsh's Creek, (the admitted boundary), with Fishing Creek, is clearly proved by the records in the land office. The history of the title to "Majors Choice," taken up by the Honor- able Thomas Marsh, near the Cliffs of Calvert, will readily develop all the evidence upon this knotty question." — (Davis.)

The creation of Charles County in 1658, had no northern limit except "as far as the settlements extended."

In 1695, Prince George County was formed out of its northern territory, extending south as far as Mattawoman Creek, and a straight line drawn thence to the head of the Swanson's Creek, and with that creek to the Patuxent. The present divisional line of Charles and Prince George slightly varies to the west by an artificial line running from the Mattawoman to a given point on the Potomac, nearly opposite Mount Vernon. — (Act of 1748, Chapter 14.)

On the north and east, Prince George has always been separated from Anne Arundel and Charles by the Patuxent River.

Extending from the Patuxent to the Potomac, Prince George received its definite western limits, in 1748, by the creation of Fred- erick County, from which it was separated by a straight line, begin- ning at the lower side of the mouth of Rock Creek, and running thence north with Hyatt's plantation to the Patuxent River, at Crow's mill, west of Laurel.

This line, in 1776, upon the erection of Montgomery County out of the lower portion of Frederick, became the divisional line between Prince George and Montgomery Counties. The eastern boundary line of Frederick County, when erected, in 1748, touched the western boundaries of Prince George, Anne Arundel and Balti- more Counties.

Baltimore County was partly formed out of the northern por- tion of Anne Arundel, in 1659. In the proclamation of 1674, the southern bounds of Baltimore County shall be "the south side of Patapsco River, and from the highest plantations on that side of the river, due south two miles in the woods." In 1698, an act was passed defining the line " beginning at three marked trees, standing about a mile and a quarter to the southward of Bodkin Creek, on the west side of Chesapeake Bay, and near a marsh and a pond: thence west until they cross the mountains of the mouth of the Magothy River, to Richard Beard's mill: thence continuing west- ward with said road to William Hawkin's path, to two marked trees: thence along said road to two marked trees: thence leav-

36 FouNDEES OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

ing said road by a line drawn west to William Slade's path to two marked trees: thence continuing west between the draughts of the Magothy and Patapsco Rivers, until they come to a mountain of white stone rock: still continuing west to a road going to Patapsco, to Peter Bond's, to two marked trees: thence continuing west to the main road, to Patapsco Ferry, to two marked pines standing near the Ready Branch, written at large on the north side of said trees, Baltimore County; and on the south side Anne Arundel County. Then with a line drawn west northwest to Elkridge road, to two marked trees; thence continuing the same course of west northwest to Patuxent River, and so on up the said river to the extent thereof, for the bounds of Baltimore County. —

In 1725, an act was passed, limiting the southern border of Baltimore County to the Patapsco River, from its mouth to its head, but its western limits were still vague.

The head of the Patapsco was the western limit, as well as that of Anne Arundel, by the act of 1725, until the formation of Fred- erick County, in 1748, which enacted, "that its lines after reach- ing the river, should run with it to the hues of Baltimore County, and with that county to the extent of the province."

In 1750, a definite line was established between Frederick and Baltimore Counties: "Beginning at a spring called Parr's Spring, and running thence N. 35 E., to a bounded white oak, standing on the west side of a wagon road, called John Digges' road, about a mile above the place called Burnt House Woods: and running thence up said road to a bounded white oak, standing on the east side thereof, at the head of a draught of Sam's Creek: thence N. 55 E. to a Spanish oak, standing on a ridge near William Robert's, and opposite to the head of a branch called the Beaver Dam: thence N. 20 E. to the temporary line between the Provinces of Maryland and Pennsylvania, being near the head of a draught called Conawajo, at a rocky hill called Rattle Snake Hill." The western limit of Anne Anclurel County was also the eastern limit of Frederick and Montgomery line, which was a straight line from the mouth of the Monocacy to Parr's Spring, where the Frederick and Baltimore Coimty lines met. A branch from that spring to the Patapsco, limited Anne Arundel on the west. By a more recent act, 1836, creating Carroll County out of the portions of Frederick and Balti- more Coimties, the western limits of Baltimore are near Woodstock, B. & O. R. R.

In 1838, Howard District, extending on the east from Laurel to Elk Ridge Landing, via the B. & 0. R. R., was set off from Anne Arundel, and in 1851, became a county, though its actual settle- ment was begun before 1700.

Western Maryland was, from 1658 to 1776, successively included in the geographical limits of Charles, Prince George and Frederick Counties, erected in 1658, 1695 and 1748 respectfully. On July 26th, 1776, the Provincial Convention of Maryland divided Frederick County into three districts, upper, middle and lower.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

37

The first embraced Washington, Alleghany and Garrett: second took Frederick and a part of Carroll: third embraced Montgomery County. Each by ordinance was made a separate county on Sept. 6th, 1776.

OFFICERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, FROM ITS ORGAN- IZATION UNTIL IT CHANGED TO A ROYAL PROVINCE.

JUSTICES. James Homewood, Thomas Meeres, Thomas Marsh, George Puddington, Matthew Hawkins, James Menyman, Henry Cathn.

Robert Brooke, Col. Francis Yardly, Mr. Job Chandler, Capt. Edmund Winder, Col. Richard Preston, Lieut. Richard Banks,

1650. DELEGATES Jas. Cox, George Puddington.

1651. No delegation sent.

COMMANDER. Edward Lloyd.

1652. PARLIAMENTARY COMMISSIONERS.

Administered the government.

OFFICERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

JUSTICES.

(Richard Bennett, and Wm. Clayborne.

JUSTICES. Capt. Wm. Fuller, Rich. Preston, Wm. Durand, Edward Lloyd.

Capt. John Smith, Leonard Strong, John Ijawson, John Hatch, Rich. WeUs, Richard Ewen,

1653. DELEGATES. Governor Stone re- appointed Thomas Hatton, Secretary.

1654. DELEGATE.

Quorum.

COUNCILLORS. Robert Brooke, Capt. John Price, Job. Chandler, Col. Francis Yardly, Col. Richard Preston.

Wm. Durand,

Secty. of State.

Richard Preston,

Speaker, Keeper of Records.

I Justices.

38 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

OFFICERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

1655.

Capt. Wm. Fuller's Council, as in 1654.

Council of War, after the Battle of the Severn, 1655.

JUSTICES. Capt. William Fuller, Wm. Burgess, Richard Ewen,

DELEGATES. Leonard Strong, Wm. Durand, Roger Heamans,

1656.

COUNCILLORS. Mr. Besson, Samson Warren, Wm. Crouch.

Upon Governor Josias Fendall assuming the government, the following had him arrested:

Capt. Wm. FuUer, Edward Lloyd,

Richard Wells, Col. Rich. Ewen,

1657.

Thomas Marsh, Thomas Meeres.

Governor Fendall. Philip Calvert, Secty.

Capt. Fuller's Assembly of ten members, Richard Ewen, Speaker.

JUSTICES. Wm. Burgess, Robt. Burle, Roger Grosse, Rich. Wells. John Brewer, Thos. Meeres, Thos. Todde, Thos. Howell, Richard Ewen, Anthony Salway, Rich. Woolman.

DELEGATES. Capt. Robt. Sley, Capt. Jas. Weeks, Mr. Robt. Taylor, Capt. Thos. Besson, Mr. Peter Sharp, Capt. Phil. Morgan, Mr. Richard Brooks, Mr. Jas. Johnson.

1658.

COUNCILLORS. Edward Lloyd, Capt. Wm. Fuller.

Compromise of Lord Baltimore and Bennett, Commissioners : Gov. Fendall, Secty. Comwallis,

Capt. Wm. Fuller, Rich. Preston, Edward Lloyd, Thomas Meeres, Philip Thomas, Saml. Withers.

JUSTICES. Rich. WeUs, Saml. Withers, Thos. Todd, John Brewer, Robert Burle, Roger Grosse, Thomas Besson, Edmund Townhill. Anthony Galway, Francis Holland.

Agreed to restore records to Fendall; to issue grants for lands; to guarantee indemnity for passed acts.

1660. DELEGATES. John Brewer

and Saml. Chew.

COUNCILLORS. Edward Lloyd.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

39

JUSTICES. Saml. Chew., Sheriff, Capt. Wm. Burgess, Richard Ewen, George Puddington Ralph Williams, Thos. Taylor, Capt. John Norwood.

JUSTICES.

Capt. Wm. Burgess appoint- Sheriff, but called to field, succeeded by Rich. Ewen, 1664-5.

1662. DELEGATES. Robert Burle.

COUNCILLORS. Edward Lloyd.

Rich. Ewen, Sheriff.

1666. Thos. Stockett, Sheriff.

Thos. Marsh, John Ewen, Robert Francklyn, John Welsh, *>., — * Sarnl. Chew. George Puddington, Robert Burle.

Thos. Stockett, Sheriff.

Wm. Burgess, Saml. Lane, Robert Brooke, John Homewood, J Richard Ewen. Robt. Francklyn, Thos. Hedge, Richard Burton, Clerk

1663-1664.

DELEGATES. Thos. Meeres, Richard Beard, John Homeswood, George Puddington.

1665. Robt. Burle, Capt. Thos. Besson, Richard Beard. Thos. Taylor, Edward Selby.

1667. The Seal of A. A. Co. was taken from Thos. Tay- lor in 1667, and given to Saml. Chew.

1668-1669. Wm. Burgess, Saml. Withers,

1671. Wm. Burgess, Thos. Taylor, Cornelius Howard, Robert Francklyn.

1674.

COUNCILLORS. Edward Lloyd.

Edward Lloyd.

Edward Lloyd.

Saml. Chew.

Saml. Chew.

Sami. Chew.

Quorum.

Col. Wm. Col. Saml. Lane, Major John Welsh, Robert Francklyn, Capt. Richard Hill, John Homewood, Henry Stockett, Thos. Francis, Wm. Jones, Henry Lewis.

1676. Dedimus protestatimus to Col. Wm. Burgess and Saml. Lane. Quorum.

Saml. Chew.

40

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

\

John Welsh, Sheriff,

Col. Thos. Tailler, Col. Wm. Burgess, Capt. John Welsh, Capt. Rich. Hill, Thos. Francis,

Capt. Nich. Gassaway, Edward Burgess, Cornelius Howard, John SoUers.

1678-1679.

Col. Wm. Burgess, Jas. Rigby, John Homewood, Wm. Richardson. Quorum.

1680-1682.

Henry Ridgely. Edward Dorsey, Richard Beard, Jr.

Henry Hanslap, Sheriff, Capt, Rich. Hill, of Severn, Edward Burgess, of Londontown, Thomas Knighton, of Herring Creek.

Quorum.

Capt. Rich. Hill, Major Nich. Gassaway Capt. Edward Burgess, Major Edward Dorsey,

JUSTICES. Mr. Henry Ridgely, Mr. Rich. Beard, John SoUers, Thos. Tench, Thos. Knighton, John Hammond, Nich. Greenberry, James Ellis.

Major Nich. Gassaway,

Major Edward Dorsey, "1

Capt. Nich. Greenberry, I /-»„«,,.„,

Mr John Hammond Quorum.

Mr. Thos. Tench, J

Mr. Edward Burgess,

Mr. Henry Ridgley,

Mr. Henry Constable,

Rich. Beard,

Thos. Knighton,

Mr. James Ellis,

Mr. John Bennett.

1683.

1685.

1687.

Col. Wm. Burgess.

Col. Wm. Burgess.

Col. Wm. Burgess.

1689.

Mr. Thos. Tench, \ p^,^„„^ Mr. John Bennett, / Coroners. Mr. Henry Hanslap, Sheriff, Mr. Henry Bonner, Clerk.

1692.

\

Quorum.

Capt. John Hammond,

Mr. Wm. Holland,

Mr. Saml. Young,

Major Henry Ridgely,

Henry Constable,

Capt. Nich. Gassaway,

Mr. John Worthington,

Mr. Abel Browne,

Mr. Edward Batson. Surveyor.

Mr. John Hammond, Mr. Henry Ridgely, Mr. James Saunders, Mr. John Dorsey.

Col. Nich. Greenberry. Thos. Tench.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 41

ORDINARIES,

In 1675, there were only three authorized ordinaries for the accommodation of the public. One was at the Court House; one at Richard Hills; and one at the Red Lyon.

The expenses for meat, drink and lodging, during the Assembly . of Burgesses, to be paid to the in holder of St. Maries, in 1666, were 4,586 pounds of tobacco; also necessary expenses to each member for hands and boat hire, until they arrive at their homes. In 1675, the taxable rate of 816, taxable at 165 pounds of tobacco, per poll, was 134,640 pounds.

BIOGRAPHIES OF THE FOUNDERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL CO. RICHARD BENNETT.

Richard Bennett was the Moses from the Nansemond to the Severn. He may be termed a settler of two States.

His uncle, Edward Bennett was a wealthy London merchant, once Deputy-Governor of the English Merchants of Holland.

He was largely interested in the Virginia trade, and organized the Virginia Company, already noted. As his representative in Virginia, Richard Bennett, immediately rose to importance. In 1629 and 1631, he was in the House of Burgesses. In 1642-1649 he was a Commissioner and member of the Council.

In the latter year he secured, from the Governor of Maryland, a grant of "Towne Neck," on the Severn, for fifteen of his followers, who wished to be close together. Our land records show that he soon after disposed of this grant to his wife's kinsman. Colonel Nathaniel Utie, secretary to the governor. As Governor of Virginia, still later, his administration appears to have been acceptable, even to the loyalists.

He remained a member of the Virginia Council until his death.

(Hening.)

In 1666, he was made Major-General of Militia. He was a friend to the Quakers, and made provision for many needy families. His will was probated in 1675. The bulk of his estate descended to his grandson, Richard Bennett, 3rd, son of Richard Bennett, 2nd, by Henrietta Marie Neale, daughter of Captain James Neale, at- torney for Lord Baltimore, at Amsterdam, and former representa- tive in Spain. Captain Neale came to America in 1666, and repre- sented Charles County in the House of Burgesses. His wife, Anna Gill, was the daughter of Benjamin Gill. Their daughter Henrietta Marie, was named for her godmother, the queen. By her marriage to Richard Bennett, Jr., they had two children, Richard Bennett and Susanna (Bennett) Lowe, ancestress of Governor Lowe and Charles Carroll, of CarroUton.

Richard Bennett, Jr., lived for a time upon the Severn. He was in the Assembly of 1666, and was a Commissioner of Kent County, in which he had an immense estate. In his early manhood

42 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

he was drowned. His only son, Richard, succeeded to an estate which made him "the richest man of his majesty's dominion." He died a bachelor, leaving his property to his sister, Susannah Lowe, and to his step-father. Colonel Philemon Lloyd. His tombstone still stands at "Bennetts Point."

Ann Bennett, of Major-General Bennett, became Mrs. Theo- dorick Bland, of "Westover," Virginia. She died at Wharton's Creek, Maryland, as the wife of Colonel St. Legar Codd, of Virginia and of Maryland.

General Bennett and Commander Edward Lloyd were the staunch leaders in opposition to a Catholic proprietary, yet their sons both yielded to the eloquence of the good Catholic lady, Henrietta Marie Neale; whilst a descendant of Commander Robert Brooke, another .• rebelious subject, took for his wife, Dorothy Neale, sister of Hen- ( rietta Marie Neale. She was the progenitress of Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney. These two Catholic mothers not only united dis- cordant religions, but the former gave to Maryland the following distinguished sons: Governor Edward Lloyd, of 1709, and Hon. Edward Lloyd, his son; Revolutionary Edward Lloyd, and his son, Governor Edward Lloyd, of 1809, United States Senator and grand- father of Governor Henry Lloyd.

She was the grandmother of Dorothy Blake, mother of Charles Carroll, the "Barrister"; grandmother of Hon. Matthew Tilghman and of Richard Tilghman, of "The Hermitage."

She was the grandmother of Governor William Paca's wife; of Edward Dorsey's wife, and of Thomas Beale Bordley's wife. As Maid of Honor to Queen Henrietta Marie, she received a ring, which is now in possession of Mrs. Clara Tilghman Goldsborough Earle, granddaughter of Colonel Tench Tilghman, great-grandson of Anna Gill.

The descendants of this prolific mother are "Legion." They have added many brilliant pages to the history of Maryland.

THOMAS MARSH.

This first Commissioner of Anne Arundel, coming up from Vir- ginia with William Durand, he surveyed lands, first upon Herring Creek, but later became a merchant of the Severn.

He was an active member in every movement of the early settlers. Having become prominent in the Severn contest, the pro- prietary government, in 1658, refused to recognize his right to lands. His tract known as "Majors Choice," became historic as a long disputed line dividing the Counties of Anne Arundel and Calvert, He assigned a hundred acres upon the Chesapeake to Edward Dorsey and Thomas jyianning. The latter in his petition for a title to the land, recorded that it was taken up by Thomas Marsh, who, on ac- count of his rebellion, was unable to secure title to the same.

Thomas Marsh assigned, also, to William Ayres, a tract upon Herring Creek.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 43

Removing to Kent Island he was made captain of Militia.

In his will of 1679, he named his wife Jane, daughter of John Clements; his son Thomas, and daughters Sarah and Mary.

Ralph Williams, of Bristol, England, residing, in 1672, upo« "Towne Neck," made Thomas Marsh, senior, his residuary legatee. He was, also, that same year, a witness to the will of Robert Burle, an associate justice and legislator from the Severn.

The Foremans, of "Clover Fields" and "Rose Hill," and other representative families of Eastern Maryland, descend from this first Commissioner.

HAWKINS.

Closely allied to Bennett, Lloyd, Meeres, and others of the Nansemond settlers, several families of Hawkins were early set- tlers in the province. John Hawkins, through his attorney, Nicholas Wyatt, assigned unto Giles Blake one hundred acres, due him for transporting himself into the province. Henry Hawkins named "his brother Philemon Lloyd," and left his property to Edward Lloyd, Susanna Bennett and Maria Bennett.

Ralph Hawkins was on the Magothy River in 1657. He had sons, Ralph and William, to whom he left "goods out of England."

His wife was Margaret Hawkins. William Hawkins wife, Eliz- abeth, received from Thomas Meeres "a riding horse."

Thomas Hawkins, of Poplar Island, named "Margaret Hall, daughter of Edward." His wife was Elizabeth.

Matthew Hawkins, of the Severn, was one of Edward Lloyd's first commissioners, in 1650. From his daughter Elizabeth, came State Senator George Hawkins Williams, and Mr. Elihu Riley, the historian of Annapolis.

From John Hawkins, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Dorsey, descended Mr. James McEvoy, Dr. Frank Martin, Augustus W. Martin, Mrs. Dr. Mills, and Miss Fannie Martin, des- cendants of Dr. Samuel B. Martin, the " old defender," and his wife Ruth Dorsey Hawkins.

The Hawkins, of Queenstown, sent down a judge of the provincial court in 1700, and a surveyor-general of customs. T||irough the Fosters and Lowes, they were connected with Lord \Charles) Balti- more, the Lloyds, De Courseys, Marshes, Tilghmans and Chambers.

"Very interesting memorial remains," says Davis, "are now in possession of the vestry of Centreville, showing a massive piece of silver plate in excellent preservation."

HENRY HAWKINS.

An interesting case in Chancery gives us a view of some of our

y early fathers. The case is an inquiry to ascertain the owner of

f\ "Nathaniel Point," in Talbot County, on Wye River. Colonel Ed-

' ■ ward Lloyd called a commisison of Mr. William Coursey to take

depositions, and Captain John Davis gave this record:

44 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

"Mr. John Scott told me that a certain bachelor's tree, up on the road passing through ' Nathaniel Point ' got its name from the sale of said point by Mr. Nathaniel Cleeve to Mr. Henry Hawkins for a case of spirits. Upon the delivery of the goods, Mr. Henry Hawkins, Mr. Nathaniel Cleeve, Wm. Jones, Henry Catlin and four others, all bachelors, under that tree consumed the whole case of spirits and at the conclusion of the feast, Mr. Cleeve before all, pub- licly expressed his entire satisfaction with the bargain.

Mr. Henry Hawkins held the tract, and delivered it over to his kinsman. Colonel Philemon Lloyd, whose son was the party to the Inquisition. This transfer was confirmed by three of the bachelor party.

HENRY CATLIN.

This Commissioner and neighbor of Edward Lloyd, was a Justice and Burgess of Virginia. He was also an active supporter of the Independent Church in Virginia. He came up in 1649, bringing " his wife Jane and his son," (stepson), presumably Richard Horner. He did not remain long, but, in 1661, assigned his estate to Matthew Howard, who resurveyed it as " Howards Inheritance."

JAMES MERRYHAN.

A neighbor of Henry Catlin, and a member of Lloyd's first com- missioners, James Merryman, in 1662, assigned his certificate for five hundred acres to John Browne, of New England. He left no will, or other records. The Merrymans, of Hayfield, may thus des- cend.

John Browne held this grant and assigned it to James Rigbie, who sold to Colonel Nicholas Greenberry.

THOMAS MEERES.

Thomas Meeres was an important member of the Virginia As- sembly before coming up to be one of Lloyd's council. He was high in the church. He was an active participant in the Severn contest and was upon the committee which arrested Governor Fen- dall. He was a Justice of Anne Arundel, in 1657, and a delegate to restore the records in 1658.

His will of 1674, shows him a man of means. His daughter, Sarah Homewood, son John, and wife EHzabeth shared each one- third of his estate. To the latter was given his "jewels, plate, bills, and bonds."

John married Sarah, daughter of Philip Thomas. One daughter, Sarah, was their only heir. She became Mrs. John Talbott. They sold "Pendenny" to Captain John Worthington. This^iract was Captain Worthington's homestead, just opposite the Naval Academy. It was also the homestead of Commander Edward Lloyd, who as- signed it to Thomas Meeres, who made the Quaker Society the final court of resort, in case of any dispute of his will.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 45

The will of John Meeres left "lands bequeathed by my father, Thomas Meeres, adjoining brother-in-law John Homewood," to daughter Sarah Talbott. «,■ .^.v^ 'wj

He left legacies to the children of his sister-in-law, Elizabeth Coale, and referred to his brother-in-law, Samuel Thomas.

HOMEWOOD.

James, John and Thomas Homewood were all upon the Magothy. James was Commissioner under Edward Lloyd, in 1650.

John Homewood was a later Commissioner of Anne Arundel, His wife, Sarah Homewood, was a daughter of Thomas Meeres. She again became the wife of John Bennett, a Commissioner to lay out Annapolis in 1694. She was the legatee of Henry Howard, in 1683, who gave her "a seal ring with a coat of arms, and a hooked ring with the initials F. C."

John Homewood and Henry Howard were intimate friends.

Both were legatees of John Pawson, of the city of York, Eng- land, who, in 1677, also named his friend, Dr. Stockett, in his list of legatees. The Worthingtons and Homewoods were united in marriage still later.

CAPTAIN GEORGE PUDDINGTON.

Honored as one of the first Commissioners under Edward Lloyd and unanimously named as one of the first legislators of 1650, Captain George Puddington took at once a foremost place in the new county.

Of his wife, the following record from the Virginia Magazine of History, is of interest: "Colonel Obedience Robins, of "Cherry- stone," born 1601, was a member, in 1632, of the first County Court of Accomac, and was a brother of Edward, merchant of Accomac. His name and associations seem to indicate that he was of Puritan affinities. His wife was the widow of Edward Waters, of Bermuda. When a girl of sixteen, Grace O'Neil arrived at the Bermudas in the ship " Diana." Becoming Mrs Waters, they removed to Eliza- beth City, now Hampton, where their first son, William, was born. He became an active citizen of Northampton. Upon the death of Edward Waters, the widow became the wife of Colonel Obedience Robins. Jane, the wife of George Puddington, a member of the Maryland Assembly, from Anne Arundel County in 1650, was a sister-in-law of Colonel Obedience Robins."

Captain Puddington took up " Puddington Harbor," " Pudding- ton Gift," and "West Puddington."

In 1667, he was an associate justice of Anne Arundel. He left no son. His will was probated by Colonel William Burgess, in 1674.

Captain Edward Burgess, named for his grandfather. Colonel Edward Robins, was Captain Puddington's residuary legatee. The sons-in-law of Captain Puddington were Ex-SherifT Robert Franck- lyn; Hon. Richard Beard, the surveyor; and grandson Neal Clarke.

46 FouNDEES OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

All named in his will as follows: "son-in-law Robert Francklyn; to each of my son Richard Beard's children; to each of my grandson Neal Clark's children; to George Burgess, William Burgess and Sus- anna, children of Captain William Burgess, legacies. My loving wife Jane, and Edward Burgess the rest of my estate."

PHILIP THOMAS.

With his wife Sarah Harrison and three children, Philip, Sarah and Elizabeth, Philip Thomas came from Bristol, England, in 1651. He was granted five hundred acres, " Beckley," on the west of the Chesapeake.

To this he added "Thomas Towne," "The Plains" and "Phihp's Addition." On this he erected his homestead, "Lebanon," a view of which is still preserved. On his lands stands Thomas Point Light- house.

His neighbor was Captain Wm. Fuller, the provincial leader. With him, Edward Lloyd, Richard Preston, Samuel Withers went to St. Leonards, and delivered up the captured records. With this act he gave up political adventures and joined the Society of Friends, under George Fox. The Quaker Society was made the final court to settle his estate.

This estate was claimed by his son, Samuel Thomas, through a verbal will which Edward Talbott, his brother-in-law resisted. The question was finally decided by the Society in favor of all the heirs.

Sarah Thomas, the English born daughter, married John Meeres; Elizabeth became the third wife of William Coale, and still later the wife of Edward Talbott; Martha became Mrs. Richard Arnold.

Samuel Thomas — Mary Hutchins, of Calvert, whose mother was Elizabeth Burrage. Their daughter Sarah — Joseph Richardson; Elizabeth — Richard Snowden, son of Richard and Mary (Linthicum) Snowden; John Thomas — Elizabeth, daughter of Richard and Eliza- beth (Coale) Snowden; Samuel Thomas — Mary, daughter of Richard and Elizabeth (Coale) Snowden; Ann Thomas — Edward Fell, of England.

Philip Thomas, eldest son of Samuel and Mary Thomas — first Francis Holland, leaving a son William Thomas; second, Ann, daughter of Samuel Chew and Mary his wife. Their issue were Samuel, Philip, Mary, Elizabeth — Samuel Snowden, Richard — Deborah Hughes; John Thomas resided at West River, wrote poetry and was President of the Maryland" Senate. He married Sarah, third davighter of Dr. Wm. Murray — Anne: Philip, John and Sarah. Samuel, eldest son of Philip and Ann Chew Thomas, removed to Perry Point in the Susquehannah, and married his cousin Mary, daughter of Samuel and Mary Snowden Thomas; issue, Ann, Philip, Saml. Richard Snowden, John Chew and Evan William. Samuel was a minister of Friends, and married Anna, daughter of Dr. Chas. Alexander Warfield: Evan William — Martha Gray: John Chew, 4th,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 47

son of Samuel, and Mary Thomas resided at Fairland, Anne Arundel: was member of Congress, in 1799, and took part in the election of President, in which three days and thirty-five ballots were required to select Thomas Jefferson. He married Mary, daughter of Richard and Eliza (Rutland) Snowden, of Fairland.

Having married an heiress and becoming a large slave holder, he lost his membership in the Quaker church, which he only regained by manumitting one hundred slaves. He sold his homestead for $50,000.

The Thomas family, of Maryland, has already been fully traced in the Thomas Book. Some descendants will be found more fully in this work, in the biographical sketches of three governors of Mary- land representing different branches of Philip Thomas' descendants.

FAMILIES CONNECTED WITH GOVERNOR FENDALL.

Governor Fendall's official life has already been noted. He closed his life as a Marylander and left a distinguished line. His son Colonel John Fendall, of "Clifton Hall," born 1672, married Elizabeth Hanson, widow of William Marshall.

Benjamin Fendall, "of Potomack," born 1708, married Eleanor Lee, daughter of Philip Lee and Sarah (Brooke). After her death, he married Priscilla Hawkins, widow of John and daughter of Alex- ander Magruder. His daughter, Sarah Fendall, was the beautiful wife of Colonel Thomas Contee, of "Brookefield." This estate was originally the homestead of Major Thomas Brooke, who received many thousand acres on the west side of the Patuxent. His initials, T. B., cut on a boundary stone, gave the name to the village "T. B."

The village of Nottingham stands on a portion of his grant.

In 1660, Major Thomas Brooke was commissioned major of the Colonial forces. His vessel brought over many settlers. In 1673, he became a member of the General Assembly. He married, in 1659, Eleanor Hatton, daughter of Hon. Richard Hatton, of London, whose children came with their uncle, Hon. Thomas Hatton, of the Council. He fell in the battle of the Severn in 1655. "Brooke- field" descended to his son, Thomas, whose mother married Henry Darnell, of "The Woodyard," land commissioner under Lord Balti- more, his brother-in-law.

Mary Darnall, at fifteen, became the wife of Charles Carroll, attorney-general for Lord Baltimore. Their son, Charles Carroll, Jr., was the father of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. Major Thomas -^Brooke and wife were Catholics. Clement Brooke, the son, married Jane Sewall, daughter of Major Nicholas Sewall, and Susanna, daughter of Colonel William Burgess. Elizabeth Brooke, of Clement, became the mother of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton.

Colonel Thomas Brooke, of "Brookefield," was repeatedly elected to the General Assembly, and a member of his lordship's

48 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Council, becoming, in 1720, president of that body. He belonged to the Church of England. His second wife was Barbara Dent, daughter of Colonel Thomas Dent and Rebecca Wilkinson, his wife,

Sarah Brooke married Phihp Lee, of "Blenheim" — Issue: Richard Lee, of " Blenheim," and Thomas Lee, father of Governor Thomas Sim Lee, whose son, John Lee, gave the name to another, and later governor of Maryland, John Lee Carroll, of "Doughoregan Manor." Governor Fendall's descendants are traced in "The Bowies and Their Kindred."

CAPTAIN THOMAS TODD.

V^

Thomas Todd passed his youth in England. He patented land in Ehzabeth City, Virginia, in 1647. The "Rent Rolls" of Anne Arundel show, that Thomas Todd, shipwright, surveyed a lot "on ye south side of ye Severn River." It was a portion of the present city of Annapolis. There was a contest in Chancery over the title to this survey. It was decided against him, yet Lancelot Todd, of Baltimore County, in 1718, sold it to Bordley and Bladen. Thomas Todd resided there, in 1657; he was appointed, by Governor Fen- dall, one of the justices of Anne Arundel.

The mansion of Charles Carroll, of Annapolis, was built upon his survey.

Thomas Todd took up lands on Fells Point, Baltimore County, and later patented land, including some seven hundred acres on the Eastern Shore. He is supposed to have been the son of Robert Todd, of York County, Virginia, in 1642.

-'" In 1664, Thomas Todd located at North Point. He also held an estate, "Toddsbur}'^," in Gloucester County. Virginia, still held by his descendants. In 1674-5, he was a Burgess in the Assembly of Maryland, from Baltimore County. He married Ann Gorsuch, daughter of Rev. John Gorsuch, rector of Walkham, Herfordshire, whose wife was Ann, daughter of Sir William Lovelace. Her brother Charles Gorsuch married Ann Hawkins, as shown by the West River Quaker records.

Thomas Todd, before sailing for England, with eighty-seven hogsheads of tobacco from his plantation, wrote a letter to his son, Thomas, of "Toddsbury," Virginia, saying: "All my desire is to see you before I go, for I fear I shall never see you, as I am very weak and sick. I want some good cider to keep me alive, which I suppose you have enough of. We intend to set sail to-morrow, if it be a fair wind." He died at sea. His will was probated in Balti- more, Annapolis and Virginia. His widow, Ann married David Jones. Her son, James Todd, married a daughter of Mountenay, and upon their estate was started the City of Baltimore.

Thomas Todd, 3rd, who styled himself "The Younger," was the inheritor of " " North Point," and the father of Thomas Todd;

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, 49

4th, and Robert Todd, to whom he left his large estate. The old homestead, that has always been owned by Thomas Todd, de- scended to Thomas Todd, 4th. He married Eleanor Dorsey, of " Hockley," They left a son Thomas, and four daughters, Eleanor, Elizabeth, Francis and Mary. The first three inherited "Shawan Hunting Ground," a beautiful estate adjoining Worthington Valley. Mary Todd inherited "Todds Industry," and other tracts upon the Patapsco. She married John Worthington; Elizabeth Todd — John Cromwell; Eleanor — John Ensor; Francis — George Risteau; Mrs. Eleanor Todd — 2nd WiHiam Lynch. Their daughter, Deborah — Samuel Owings, Jr., of Owings Mills.

Thomas Todd, 5th, left sons, WilHam, Dr. Christopher, Bernard> George and Thomas.

Mr. Thomas Bernard Todd, the present owner of " North Point," president of the school board of Baltimore County, descends from Bernard Todd.

Lancelot Todd, neighbor of Cornelius Howard, in his will of 1690, named "his kinsman Lancelot Todd."

The latter married Elizabeth, daughter of Mary Rockhold. Their two danghters were Ruth Dorsey, wife of Michael, and Sarah Dorsey, wife of Edward.

As Lancelot, Jr., sold the surveys taken by Captain Thomas Todd at Annapolis, he must have been the heir of James Todd, an important man in the early days of Baltimore. See case in Chancery, wherein Daniel Dulany, attorney-general for the Proprietary, enters suit against Edmund Jennings, who married the widow of Thos. Bordley, for the restoration of grant bought by Bordley and Larkins, from Lancelot Todd, representative of Thomas Todd, the surveyor. It is a very interesting review of the title to the site of Annapolis.

COLONEL WILLIAM BURGESS.

Two of the South River settlers from Virginia, were brothers- in-law and neighbors.

They were Colonel William Burgess and Richard Beard. Their wives were thus recorded in the Virginia Magazine of History : " Ed- ward Robins, born in England 1602, came to Virginia in the bark Thomas, in 1615. He was of Northampton, now Accomac County, and built "Newport House," now Eyreville. His daughter Eliza- beth married William Burgess, of Maryland. His daughter Rachel married Richard Beard." — (Standard, Vol. 8.)

After William Stone, of Northampton, became the first Protes- tant governor. Beard and Burgess removed to Maryland. The next record from the same source mistakes the son for the father, when it states: "Beard made the first map of Annapolis." It was Richard Beard, Jr., surveyor of Anne Arundel, who made the map. His father died in 1675, before Annapolis had been named. William Burgess began, at once, his commanding career. In 1655, he was

50 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

one of the Council of War to condemn Governor Stone, — the very man he had followed to Maryland,

In 1657, he was named, first by Governor Josias Fendall, a commissioner and associate justice of the new County of Anne Arun- del. Declining to take the necessary oath, on the groimd it was not lawful to swear, his plea was rejected and another name was sub- stituted. In 1660, when Governor Fendall had been banished, and Philip Calvert had succeeded him, William Burgess sent in a peti- tion reviewing his former refusal to take the oath, and ascribing it to the influence of ill-advised friends. He announced his deter- mination, henceforth, to devote his remaining days to the service of the proprietary. His petition was favorably received and he was set free without fine or trial.

In 1661, he was placed in command of the South River Rangers, and was ordered to send all Indian prisoners to St. Mary's for trial. In 1663, he was placed at the head of the Anne Arundel Commission- ers.

In 1664, he was high sheriff of Anne Arundel. Upon receiving orders to go against the Indians, he named his successor. Major Rich- ard Ewen, from whose family he had taken his second wife.

In 1665, Charles Calvert, son of Lord Baltimore, having suc- ceeded his uncle Philip, honored William Burgess in the following commission :

Captain William Burgess,

Greeting, — Whereas, Diverse Forraing Indians have of late committed divers murthers upon our people, I have thought fitt to raise a sufficient number of men. Now know ye that I reposing especial confidence in your fidelity, courage and experience in martial affaires, have constituted, ordained and appointed you Commander-in-Chief of all forces raised in St. Maries, Kent, Charles, Calvert and Anne Arundel Counties.

Given under my hand, 34th year of his Lordship's Dom., 1665.

Charles Calvert.

Then follow instructions for the campaign.

Major Thomas Brooke was ordered "to raise forty men and march to Captain William Burgess, in Anne Arundel, there to receive orders from him as Commander-in-Chief. Ordered that Captain William Burgess raise by presse, or otherwise, thirty men with arms and ammunition to proceed according to former orders."

Charles Calvert.

Some Seneca Indians had killed several English settlers in Anne Arundel. The following reward was offered: "One hundred arms length of Roan Oake, for bringing in a cenego prisoner, or both of his ears, if he be slain." In 1675, Colonel William Burgess and Colonel Samuel Chew were ordered to go against the Indians on the Severn.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 51

In 1679, it was ordered, "That Colonel Burgess supply Balti- more County with twenty men from Anne Arundel, for the defense of that county."

In 1681, Robert Proctor, from his town on the Severn, Thomas Francis, from South River and Colonel Samuel Lane, from the same section, all wrote urgent letters stating that the Indians had killed and wounded both negroes and English men "at a plantation of Major Welsh's," and "had attempted to enter the houses of Mr. Mareen Duvall and Richard Snowden."

Major Francis wrote, and Colonel Nicholas Gassaway added: " I have but nineteen men of all the Coll Troope, and cann gett noe more — men are sick, and of them half have noe ammunition, nor know where to gett it. There is such a parcell of Coll. Burges foote Company in the like condition for ammunition. The head of the River will be deserted, if we leave them, and they have no other reliefe. Wee marched in the night to the releife. Major Lane sent to our releife about thirty foote more, but we have noe orders but to Range and Defend the Plantations, which we shall doe to the best of our skill, and I suppose, if Baltimore County wants assist- ance that at this time it cannot be well supply ed from Anne Arundel; we have stood to our Arms all night and need enough. Just now more news of three families robbed at Seavern.

Your humble servts.,

Tho. Francis, Nich. Gassaway."

Major Samuel Lane wrote: "The county of Anne Arrundll at this time is in Create danger. Our men marched all Monday night, the greatest part of South River had been most cutt off. Wee want Ammunition exceedingly, and have not where-with-all to furnish half our men. I hope your Ldpp. will dispatch away Coll. Burges with what Ammunition may be thought convenient. I shall take all the care that lyeth in me, but there comes daily and hourely Complaints to me that I am wholly Imployed in the Country's Service.

In haste with my humble service, Sept. 13th, 1681. Samuel Lane."

Robert Proctor wrote that Mr. Edward Dorsey had come to him very late in the night, with the news of robberies by the Indians upon the Severn.

Upon such information, followed the decisive order to Colonel WilHam Burgess and Colonel Thomas Tailler, "to fight, kill, take, vanquish, overcome, follow and destroy them."

Colonel Taylor commanded the horse, Colonel Burgess the foot, and both were Protestants.

From that date on to 1682, Colonel Burgess was a delegate to the Lower House; from 1682 to his death in 1686, he was in the Upper House. He was upon many committees.

52 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

His epitaph is a most remarkable condensation of his eventful life. It reads:

" Here lyeth the body of Wm. Burgess,

Esq., who departed this life on ye

24th of January, 1686,

Aged 64 years: leaving his

Dear beloved wife, Ursula and eleven

children, viz. : seven sons and four daughters,

And eight grand-children.

In his life-time, a member of

His Lordship's Deputy Governors;

A Justice of ye High Provincial Court;

Colon of a regiment of Trained Bands:

And sometimes General of all ye

Military Forces of this Province.

His loving wife, Ursula, his executrix

In testimony of her true respect,

And due regard to the worthy

Deserts of her dear deceased

Husband, hath erected this monument."

The historian, Geo. L. Davis, says of Colonel Burgess:

"He was himself, through his son Charles, the ancestor of the Burgesses of Westphalia; through his daughter, Susannah, of the Sewalls of Mattapany-Sewalls, closely allied to Lord Charles Balti- more; through his granddaughter, Ursula, of the Davises of Mt. Hope, who did not arrive from Wales before 1720; and through a still later line, of the Bowies of Prince George."

Colonel Burgess left an exceedingly intelligent will of entail; naming his sons and daughters, Edward, George, William, John, Joseph, Benjamin, Charles, Elizabeth, Susannah, Anne. I give to my Sonne William my message land where I now dwell, near South River, together with eighteen hundred acres adjoining, which I pur- chased of George Westall, and one part whereof is a Town appointed called London, provided my wife, Ursula, shall live there until my son is of age. I give unto Wilham, all of "Betty's Choice," in Balto, Co., near Col. Geo. Wells, containing 480 acres. I give to my sonne, John Burgess, four tracts, "Morley's Lott," " Bednall's Green," " Benjamin's Choice," and " Benjamin's Addition," lying near Her- ring Creek, some 800 acres. I give to my sonne, Joseph, lands purchased of Richard Beard, near South River, called "West Pud- dington," and "Beard's Habitation," 1300 acres. I give to my sonne Benjamin, a tract, " Bessington," near the Ridge, also "Bur- gess Choice," near South River. I give to my sonne, Charles, a tract, purchased of Vincent Lowe, at the head of Sasafras Hiver, of 1600 acres, and another of Vincent Lowe, on the SusquehaVinah, of 500 acres; provided, if any should die before attaining agei then every such tract shall descend to the eldest then living. I give all the rest of my estate, here or in England, to my dear wife, Ursula,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 53

at pleasure, and she shall have the care of the education of my child- ren and the use of their portions. I desire that she shall be my executrix, with my friends Major Nicholas Sewall, Major Nicholas Gassaway and Captain Henry Hanslap, as supervisors, and to each of them I grant ^5. William Burgess, (seal.)

His sons, Edward and George, had been provided for before his will. His daughters received ^300 in money, plate and other personals.

His seal-ring of gold was willed to his daughter, Susannah, wife of Major Nicholas Sewall. She was the daughter of Colonel Burgess, t by Mrs. Richard Ewen. Colonel Burgess bore arms, as the existing impression of his seal reveals, of a family of Truro, in Cornwall, but was akin to the Burgesses of Marlborough, Wilts County. (Or a fesse chequy, or, and gules, in chief, three crosses, crosslet fitchie of the last.)

Except Charles Burgess, of Westphalia, who married a daughter of Captain Henry Hanslap, the succeeding Burgess name was alone handed down by Captain Edward Burgess, the son who came up from Virginia with him. John and Joseph died early; Benjamin, under the will, claimed their estates, but finally compromised with Captain Edward. Benjamin sold his whole estate and went to Eng- land. George, after holding the office of High Sheriff, joined his wife Catherine, the widow Stockett, in deeding all their estate, and removed to Devon County, England. >

Ann — Thomas Sparrow, and died the same year. Jane Sewall of Major Nicholas and Susannah Burgess — Clement Brooke, son of Major Thomas. Their daughter, Elizabeth Brooke, became the mother of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. William Burgess, Jr., inherited the homestead; he married Ann (Watkins) Lord, daughter of John Watkins, the stepson of Commander Edward Lloyd. Bur- gess' will left 1,000 acres in Baltimore County to his wife's children by her former husband, Mr. Lord.

His mother became the wife of Dr. Mordecai Moore, and re- mained upon the homestead, near Londontown, until her death, in 1700. She was the heir of Nicholas Painter, long clerk of the Council, whose will left a large estate to her children. She was buried by the side of Colonel Burgess.

Captain Edward Burgess, was in the life-time of his father, commissioner for opening the port of Londontown; justice of the Provincial Court and "Captain of the Foote." He was the executor and heir of Captain George Puddington.

The Chew genealogy records: "Sarah, daughter of Samuel Chew, of John of Chewtown, married a Burges." She was the wife of Captain Edward Burgess, whose oldest son, Samuel, was named for Samuel Chew. Captain Burgess' will left his estate to his sons Samuel and John, having already deeded lands to his daughter, Mrs. Margaret Ware and Mrs. Elizabeth Nicholson. Mrs. Sarah Burgess, his widow, left hers to " my daughters Ann White, Sarah

54 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Gaither and Susannah Richardson." Benjamin Gaither, her son-in- law, was made executor. Samuel Burgess (of Captain Edward), married Mrs. Elizabeth Durbin. Issue, Edward, Benjamin and Elizabeth.

John Burgess (of Captain Edward) married, first Jane Mackle- fresh (of David). Issue, William, Benjamin, Samuel, Sarah, Ann and Susannah.

y-^' He married second, in 1733, Matilda Sparrow. Issue, John, Joseph, Edward, West and Caleb Burgess, all revolutionary patriots, whose history belongs to Howard County.

Upon the homestead tract of the late General George Stewart, of South River, is the original site of Colonel William Burgess' home; from which, upon a commanding hill, may be seen his tombstone, quoted above. Surrounding General Stewart's home are massive oaks, which bear the imprint of ages. Upon this site, too, stood the home of Anthony Stewart, of the "Peggy Stewart," who came into possession of Colonel Burgess' home tract, which later passed into General Stewart's possession. The two families, with similar names claim no relation to each other. The road leading past the historic place and on to All Hallows Church, about three-fourths of a mile west, is the same over which General Washington passed from Annapolis to Mt. Vernon, in 1783. Along this road are yet to be seen wayside oaks, that reveal the remarkable richness of this South River section, when occupied by our early settlers.

Along this road, beautiful views of the broad South River may be enjoyed.

Between Colonel Burgess' homestead and his Londontown tract, there still stands a well-preserved old brick homestead, with massive chimneys and steep roof. It is within sight of the Alms House upon the southern bank of South River. I have not found its builder.

All of the property passed through Colonel Burgess and his son, William Burgess, Jr., to Mrs. Ursula Moore, wife of Dr. Mordecai Moore. From that family, through recorded transfers, it may be traced to the present owners. The most of it is now in the estate of General George Stewart, whose linage has been clearly traced to Kenneth, 2nd, the first Scottish king.

Colonel Burgess' son-in-law. Major Nicholas Sewall, son of Hon. Henry Sewall, of "Mattepany," was a member of the Council from 1684 to 1689. His sons were Charles and Henry. Elizabeth Sewall, widow of the latter, married Hon. William Lee, of the Council, and became mother of Thomas Lee, father of Governor Thomas Sim Lee.

Nicholas, son of Henry and Elizabeth Sewall, married Miss Darnall, of " Poplar Hill," Prince George County.

Their descendants were: Hon. Nicholas Lewis Sewall, of "Cedar Point," member of the convention for ratification of the Constitu- tion of United States; and Robert Darnall Sewall, of "Poplar Hill.'^

This was a part of the famous " Woody ard," the house of Colonel Henry Darnall of 1665, whose brother, John Darnall, held " Port-

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 55

land Manor/' in Anne Arundel. Colonel Henry Darnall's daughter, Eleanor, became the wife of Clement Hill. Eleanor Brooke Darnall, of the "Woodyard," was the mother of Archbishop John Carroll^ and Mary Darnall, of "The Woodyard," became the wife of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. Robert Darnall, grandson of Colonel Henry, lost all the magnificent estate except "Poplar Hill," about eight hundred arces, which came into possession of the Sewalls, through the marriage above mentioned. — (Thomas.)

Lady Baltimore, wife of Charles Lord Baltimore, and widow of Hon. Henry Sewall, was the danghter of Vincent Lowe and Anne Cavendish, of London, and a sister of Colonel Vincent Lowe, of Maryland.

Her daughter, Jane Sewall, became the wife of Hon. Philip Calvert, and her daughter Elizabeth, married second Colonel Wm. Digges, member of the Maryland Council, son of Governor Edward Digges, of Virginia. Colonel Digges was in command at St. Mary's, when compelled to surrender to Captain John Coode's revolutionary forces in 1689. He later removed to "Warburton Manor," nearly opposite to Mt. Vernon.

It was in the garrison of Mattapany, a large brick mansion, the property of Lady Baltimore, descending to her son, Colonel Nicholas Sewall, where Governor Calvert had erected a fort, that his forces retired when attacked by Coode; and it was there that the formal articles of surrender were prepared.

The house and property of the proprietary were confiscated, but came back to the possession of the Sewalls in 1722, by a grant from the second Charles Lord Baltimore, to Nicholas Sewall, son of the original proprietor, and so remained until the present century.

There are on record, at Annapolis, the wills of two residents of Wilts County, England, viz: Anthony Goddard, of Suringden, of Wilts, England, in 1663, left "to William Burgess, of Anne Arundel, his entire estate, in trust for Hester Burgess, of Bristol, England. Joseph Burgess, of Wilts, in 1672, named his brother, William and others. Our records show that Colonel Burgess, of Anne Arundel County, settled the estate.

EDWARD DORSEY.

In the Land Office of Annapolis, may be seen the following warrant, which explains ilself:

"Warrant MDCL, granted to Edward Dorsey, of Anne Arundel Co., for 200 acres of land, which he assigns as followeth; as also 200 acres more, part of a warrant for 400 acres, granted John Nor- wood and the said Dorsey, dated XXIII of Feb., MDCLI. Know all men by these presents that I, Edward Dorsey, of the County of Anne Arundel, boatwright, have granted, bargained and sold, for a valuable consideration, already received, all my right, title, in- terest of and in a warrant for 200 acres, bearing date 1650, and also 200 acres more, being half of a warrant of 400 acres — the one

56 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

half belonging to Captain Norwood, bearing date, 1651, both of which assigned to George Yate. — Edward Dorsey, Sealed."

Signed in the presence of Cornelius Howard, John Howard, Oct. 22nd, MDCLXVII, (1667).

That same year the same Edward Dorsey assigned to Cornelius Howard, his right for land for transporting seven persons into the province. Edward Dorsey and Thomas Manning held a certificate from Thomas Marsh, for 600 acres adjoining Captain Norwood. "Norwood's Fancy," held by Captain Norwood, was near Round Bay. " Dorsey," held by Edward Dorsey, gave the name to " Dor- sey's Creek," upon which was located Thomas Gates, whose will of 1659, reads: " I give to Michael Bellott and John Holloway my plan- tation. I desire that they give to Edward Dorsey's children free out- let to the woods and spring as formally I have given them." The following transfer, of 1668, further locates the above testator: "George Yate, 1668, assigned to Colonel Edward Dorsey, sixty acres called "Dorsey," on the south side of the Severn, on Dorsey's Creek, run- ning to a cove called Freeman's, then up said cove to Captain John Norwood's, then bounding on a line of a place formally held by Thomas Gates."

Colonel Edward Dorsey, son and heir of Edward Dorsey, the immigrant, held this tract of "Dorsey" during life. It was sold by his widow, Margaret, the wife of John Israel, in 1706, to Wm. Bladen, of Annapolis. The following record is taken from " Our Early Settlers." — A list of our early arrivels up to 1680.

" Robert Bullen demands lands for bringing over a number of passengers, amongst whom was Edward Dorsey, in 1661."

The same record adds, " Aug. 25th, 1664, patented to him, John and Joshua Dorsey, a plantation called " Hockley-in-the-Hole," four hundred acres."

In 1683, this land was resurveyed for John Dorsey, and found to contain 843 acres. 400 acres first surveyed being old rents remaining new, whole now in the possession of Caleb Dorsey.

Such is the record of "Hockley" upon our Rent Rolls, at Annapolis.

Among the restored records, collected by a commission, Hon. Wm. Holland, president, Samuel Young, Captain Richard Jones and Mr. John Brice, appointed after the fire of 1704, to renew the land records then destroyed, is the following :

"Came 1707, Mr. Caleb Dorsey, of Hockley, and petitioned the honorable members to have the following recorded:

"To all Christian people to whom this writing shall come, be heard, read, or seen, I, Edward Dorsey, of the County of Anne Arundel, son and heir of the late Edward Dorsey, gentleman, de- ceased, for the consideration of 24,000 pounds of good merchant- able tobacco, transfer my right in a tract of land called " Hockley- in-the-Hole," granted to Edward, Joshua and John Dorsey, in 1664, to my brother, John Dorsey, and I further covenant to guarantee his right to said land against any demand that may descend from

Founders of Anne Akundel and Howard Counties. 57

my said father, Edward Dorsey, for or by reason of any right due to him in his hfe time, or by reason of any survey by him made, or warrant returned, or for any other reason of any other matter." After his signature, fully attested, follows a deed from Joshua Dor- sey, for his right in said tract for a consideration of 8,000 pounds of tobacco, to his brother, John Dorsey. After which, also, John Dorsey petitioned for a resurvey and increased it to 842 acres. The date of Edward Dorsey 's transfer was 1681. He states that his father, who was living in 1667, was then dead.

Edward Dorsey, the last mentioned, in 1679 and 1685, was recorded one of the justices of Anne Arundel. His name was written both Darcy and Dorsey.

From 1680 to 1705, Major Dorsey was in every movement look- ing to the development of the colony. From 1694 to 1696 he was Judge of the High Court of Chancery, during which time he was commissioned to hold the Great Seal, In 1694, he was a member of the House of Burgesses for Anne Arundel, and from 1697 to his death, in 1705, was a member from Baltimore County (now Howard). He was one of the subscribers and treasurer of the fund for building St. Anne's church, and a free school for the province also received his aid. He signed the protestant address from Baltimore County to the King's most gracious Majestie, upon the succession of King William III — an appeal in behalf of Charles Lord Baron of Balti- more, whose proprietary government had been wrested from the family through the influence of Captain John Coode. Though a Protestant, he was found in support of a government which left religious faith untouched.

Mrs. Potter Palmer, of Chicago, a descendant, reviewing the record, writes: "Edward Dorsey and others were joined in the protestant effort to have Lord Baltimore's government taken from the hands of the Catholics, and made a Crown Colony under a Pro- testant governor. They took part in all the movements to that end, but having been personal friends of Lord Baltimore, and lovers of justice, after the Protestant government was established, they joined in a petition to the king to restore Lord Baltimore's lands to him. The king acted favorably on this petition and did so re- store these lands, which were enjoyed, with all their private rights, rents and revenues, by the Baltimores during all the time the govern- ment was vested in the Crown and the Protestants in power.

" Edward Dorsey would not have been given position and honors by the royal government had he been against it. He must have been one of the most influential Protestants in the colony, for the new capital was taken to his land in Annapolis, and not to that of William Burgess on the South River, or to that of Nicholas Green- berry, opposite on Town Neck. He seems to have been the pre- siding genius on all committees to build the town."

Major Edward Dorsey married, first, Sarah, daughter of Nich- olas Wyatt, the pioneer surveyor of the Severn, who had come up from Virginia with his wife, Damaris, and her daughter, Mary, after-

58 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

ward the wife of Major John Welsh. She was the half-sister of Sarah (Wyatt) Dorsey. Upon "tlie^ death of Nicholas Wyatt, in 1673, he left a will made in 1671, in which Mrs. Wyatt was made execu- trix. Upon her subsequent marriage to Thomas Bland, the attorney, there was a contest in chancery, in which Major Edward Dorsey, as the representative of his wife, the heir, contended for the admin- istration of the estate, on the ground of a subsequent revocation of the will of 1671. From that case in chancery, a view of Nich- olas Wyatt's neighbors is given.

Captain Cornelius Howard wrote the will, and testified that the testator did not appear to be in condition at that time, to remember what he owned. He stated that Richard Warfield and Edward Dorsey knew more than he did of the revocation. Thomas Bland asked for a " Commission to Samuel Chew to call before him Captain Cornelius Howard, Robert Gudgeon, Nicholas Shepherd, Richard and Ellen Warfield, John Watkins, Mary Evans, Sarah Cooper, Benjamin Stringer, Guy Meeke, Johanna Sewell, John and Mary Welsh and Maurice Baker; and that they be cross-examined con- cerning the revocation, or confirmation of the said deceased." The case, after an extended discussion by both leading lawyers, in which Major Dorsey contended that "the heir, not the administrator can alone make good the warranty," was decided in favor of Major Dorsey, who administered.

As Major of the Horse, he joined Captain Edward Burgess, in asking for additional arms and ammunition for defense.

In 1694, Major Dorsey was upon the committee with Major John Hammond, Hon. John Dorsey, Captain Philip Howard, Major Nicholas Greenberry and John Bennett, to lay out town lots and a town common for "the town of Proctor," or Annapolis. In 1705, he sold a row of houses upon Bloomsbury Square, Annapolis, which had been entailed to his children, but which, for want of tenants, had greatly depreciated.

At the time of his death, he was living on "Major's Choice," now Howard County. The second wife was Margaret Larkin, daughter of John Larkin. He left five minors by her. She after- wards became Mrs. John Israel, and as executrix, sold "Dorsey" and houses in Annapolis, lately owned by Colonel Edward Dorsey, her late husband."

Colonel Dorsey's will, of 1705, recorded in Baltimore City and in Annapolis, reads: "To my son Lacon, my tract "Hockley," on the Patapsco Falls. To sons Charles, Lacon, Francis and Edward, my lands on the north side of Patapsco River. (These were deeded to him by John and Thomas Larkin, 1702). To my beloved wife, Margaret, my personal estate. To my daughter, Ann, a lot of negroes. To Joshua, " Barnes Folly." To Samuel, "Major's Choice." To Nicholas," Long Reach," at Elk Ridge. To Benjamin," Long Reach." To son John, all the remaining part of "Long Reach" and a lot of silver spoons, to be delivered at the age of sixteen. All the remain-

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 59

ing portion of my estate to my wife and executrix. — Edward Dorset. (Seal.) "

Colonel Edward Dorsey's heirs will be found in Howard County records.

Samuel exchanged with his brother, Joshua, his interest in "Major's Choice," and held the lands of his mother, upon "Wyatt's Hill," on the Severn. His wife was Jane Dorsey. Their daughter, Patience — Samuel Howard, of Philip, in 1740.

After the death of Colonel Dorsey, Samuel contested the sale of Bloomsbury Square, on the ground that it was entailed property, and though he was of age at the time of sale, he was not consulted by his father. The title remained in the purchaser.

JOSHUA DORSEY, OF **HOCKLEY/'

There is but little information obtainable of this middle patentee of Hockley. After the deed, in 1681, of his interest in Hockley to his brother, John, he located upon "Taunton," a tract taken up by Lawrence Richardson and left by him to his sons, one of whom, Lawrence, Jr., conveyed his interest to Joshua Dorsey. The will of Lawrence Richardson, in 1666, names his daughter, Sarah. She later became the wife of Joshua Dorsey, and after his death, the wife of Thomas Blackwell, who held another tract, " Burnt Wood," taken up by Lawrence Richardson. It was assigned by Richardson's heirs to Wm. Gudgeon, who conveyed it to Thomas Blackwell, and by him it was conveyed to John Dorsey, only son of Joshua. These same tracts were conveyed to Amos Garrett by John Dorsey, heir- at-law of Joshua, in which he recited the above transfers, to him from his father, Joshua Dorsey, and his father-in-law, Thomas Black- well. Joshua Dorsey's will, of 1687-8, granted one-third of his es- tate to his widow, Sarah Dorsey, and made his brothers, Edward and John, guardians for the education of his son, John Dorsey, to whom he left his estate. His will further reads:

"To my loving cousin, John Howard, a grey gelding; to cousin Samuel Howard, two hogsheads of tobacco. I bequeath to my cousin, Sarah Dorsey, twenty shillings, to buy her a ring."

John and Comfort Dorsey sold the above tracts to Amos Garrett. Comfort Dorsey was the daughter of Thoinas and Rachel Stimpson. The latter was the widow of Neale Clarke, and the daughter oi . ^^ Richard and Rachel Beard, of South River. Mrs. Stimpson became ■^^-'"^ later, Mrs. Rachel Killburne, and still later, Mrs. Rachel Freeborne. John and Comfort Dorsey had issue — John Hammond Dorsey, Vin- cent, Captain Joshua, Greenberry, Sarah and Venetia Dorsey. John Hammond, of Cecil County, left his estate, "Success," to John Ham- mond Dorsey, Vincent Dorsey, Sarah and Venetia, children of John and Comfort Dorsey, of Joshua. Mrs. Comfort Dorsey, in her will, named her legatees, "Vincent and John Hammond Dorsey." To her sons, Joshua and Greenberry, she left one shilling each. " To John, of Greenberry, a memorial, and to Comfort, of Greenberry, gold ear rings."

60 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Vincent Dorsey married Sarah Day. His will names, "John, of Greenberry; also Greenberry and Elizabeth, of John; and Vin- cent Cromwell."

John Hammond Dorsey, of "Success," married Francis Watkins, of John. Issue, John Hammond Dorsey, Jr. — Anne Maxwell, whose daughter, Mary Hammond Dorsey — John Hammond Cromwell, son of Thomas Cromwell, of Huntingdon, England, whose wife was Venetia Woolguist, of Wales; yet husband and wife were cousins. James Maxwell Dorsey, in 1789, married Martha McComas and removed to Ohio. Issue, Dr. G. Volney Dorsey, of Ohio. Sarah Dorsey — Alexander Cromwell, in 1735.

John Hammond Cromwell and his brother, Vincent, after the death of their father, came to Cecil and claimed relationship with the Cromwells, of Anne Arundel. Vincent Cromwell removed to Kentucky. The house of John Hammond Cromwell still stands. Its family cemetery is surrounded with a box hedge six feet high. The following recent death in that homestead gives an interesting history of the family. It is quoted from the Baltimore American. "Elkton, Md., October 20th, 1902.— Mr. Henry B. Nickle, who was buried last week, at Oxford, Pa., near Cecil County line, was a descendant of Oliver Cromwell. "Success Farm" was the name of his homestead. It lies between Susquehanna River and Octararo Creek, and is a part of Lord Baltimore's Susquehanna Manor, in Cecil County.

" Henry B. Nickle was a great-grandson of John Hammond Cromwell, who inherited the farm from his mother, Venetia Crom- well (nee Dorsey), who inherited it from her mother, Mary Dorsey (nee Hammond), who inherited it from her father, John Hammond. Soon after the close of the Revolutionary War, John Hammond Cromwell, eldest son of Venetia and Woolguist Cromwell, and his niece, Mary Hammond Dorsey, settled on Success Farm.

" The old mansion stands as originally built by Lord Baltimore, from whom it was purchased by Lady Lightfoot, and given to her son, John Hammond. Across the lane, in front of the house, is the family burying ground, with a shaft in the centre of which are the names of those buried there: John Hammond Cromwell, 1745- 1819; Mary Hammond Dorsey Cromwell, wife of John Hammond Cromwell, died 1795; Oliver Cromwell, 1775-1792; Eliza Cromwell, 1789-1796; Ehzabeth Cromwell, 1786-1787; ; Mary Cromwell, 1792-1793; Rebecca Cromwell Wilson, 1708-1806; Benedict Crom- well, 1780-1806; Lewis Harlen, 1760-1825; Matilda Cromwell, wife of Lewis Harlen, 1774-1825; Frances Dorsey, died 1820, sister of John W. Cromwell; J. Cromwell Reynolds, M, D., late a surgeon in the army of the United States, born February 6, 1810, died Feb- ruary 20, 1849.

"John Hammond Cromwell, by will, devised money to be divided among his children to be used in the purchase of mourning brooches, each to contain some of his hair. The brooches were made in a design of onyx, inlaid with silver, in the centre of which

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 61

was an oval of braided hair under glass. Mr. Cromwell was wealthy, entertained largely, and was prominent in politics. He had large peach orchards, and manufactured peach brandy. In a grove west of his mansion may be seen the ruins of the old still-house.

"Among the Nickle heirlooms is John Hammond Cromwell's silver sugar tongs. \ Another is an old fashioned sampler embroidered by Rebecca Cromwell, August 16, 1796.J1--

Greenberry Dorsey, of John and Comfort — Mary Belt, daughter of John and Lucy Lawrence, daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth Talbott. Issue, John Dorsey and Thomas Edward Dorsey.

Greenberry Dorsey, as heir-at-law of Colonel John Dorsey, who

held " Dorsey's Plains," on the Gunpowder, deeded the same to his

son, Thomas Edward Dorsey, of Harford County. John Dorsey, of

this family — Cassandra Carnan. Their son, Ehsha, of "Dorsey's

Plains," — ^I\lary vSlade, whose son, Nicholas Slade Dorsey-sJIaria

Hance, of Baltimore, descendant daughter of the Hances, of Calvert,

connected with the Dukes, Irelands, Clares and Calverts, of that

county.

^ They were the parents of Rev. Owen Dorsey, late of the In-

terior Department, who collected considerable data of the family.

-^ Captain Joshua Dorsey, of John and Comfort — Flora Fitzim-

'^' mons, and resided in St. Margarets Parish, on the Severn. Their

K children are all recorded in that parish. His widow, in 1784, named

^ her six absent sons, Frederick, a mariner. Peregrine, Greenberry,

Joshua, John and James, granting them a nominal rememberance,

if they be living. To her son Nicholas and her daughters, Providence

Lane and Rebecca Dorsey, she left her estate, "Mascalls Rest."

I have seen a saucer that belonged to Providence Lane. Upon

it is a sea gull on a rock, surrounded by ten stars. It was inherited

— X^y ^^rs. Reuben M. Dorsey, daughter of the Prussian^ Minister, I.

^-^ P. Krafft, who married Eliza Brice, daughter of Providence Lane.

Judge Reuben M. Dorsey, wishing to depart from the old Dorsey

custom of marrying cousins, sought the hand of his wife; but when

he began to study her genealogical record, found that she, too, came

from one of the three Dorsey brothers, who took up Hockley, in

1664. The sons of Judge Dorsey are Dr. Reuben M. Dorsey, of

Baltimore; the late Charles Krafft Dorsey, attorney-at-law; Dr.

Caleb Dorsey, of Baltimore; Phihp Hammond, Nicholas and Frank

Dorsey, of Howard. Phillip Hammond Dorsey married Miss Duvall,

of Anne Arundel County. He holds the homestead.

HON. JOHN DORSEY, OF ^'HOCKLEY/*

Coming into possession of "Hockley," in 1683, Hon. John Dor- sey married Plesance Ely, who later took up a tract of land on Elk Ridge, which she named ''The Isle of Ely." In 1694, Hon. John Dorsey, was a commissioner for the development of Annapolis. He was upon many important committees during his service in the Lower House of the Assembly. In 1711, he was advanced to the

62 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Upper House, and there remained until his death, in 1714. Dur- ing his hfe-time he was a surveyor of a vast estate of valuable lands. He left an exceedingly intelligent will of entail, which gives a sum- mary of his large estate. It reads: "My wife, Plesance, is to have one-third of my estate, and also the choice of my estate on South River, or my now dwelling place on Elk Ridge. To my grandson, John Dorsey, son of my son, Edward Dorsey, deceased, my Patuxent plantation and lands thereunto adjoining, called " Dorsey's Search," lying in Baltimore County. If no issue, to go to the three yoimgest grandchildren of my daughter, Deborah.

"I give to my grandson, Edward Dorsey, son of my son, Ed- ward Dorsey, deceased, 'Dorsey's Adventure' and 'Whitaker's Pur- chase' adjoining it. If he leave no issue, then to John, of Edward, and if he leave none, then, as above, to Deborah's youngest three children. To my grandsons, Charles and William Ridgely, of Deb- orah, my tract called 'White Wine and Claret,' south side of the middle branch of the Patuxent. If they leave no issue, to go to Martha, Elinor and Edward Clagett.

"I give to my two grandsons, Samuel and Richard, of Caleb, my son, my plantation on South River, called 'South River Quarter,' it being the remainder of a tract given to my son, Caleb. In case of no issue, the same to go to granddaughters, Achsah and Sophia, of Caleb.

"To grandson, Basil, of Caleb, my plantation on Elk Ridge, called 'Troy.' If no issue, to my grandsons, John and Caleb, of Caleb. My son, Caleb, to be my administrator. — John Dorsey. (Seal)."

Mrs. Plesance Dorsey became Mrs Robert Wainwright. Her tract, "The Isle of Ely," was sold by her grandson, "Patuxent John Dorsey," to Basil Dorsey, of Caleb, whose homestead, "Troy Hill," was the former residence of Hon. John Dorsey. It is now the Pfeiffer property, in Howard,

CALEB DORSEY, OF "HOCKLEY/'

Caleb was born at "Hockley," in 1686. In 1704, he married and came into possession of the whole estate. His wife was Elinor Warfield, youngest daughter of Richard and Elinor (Browne) War- fijgld. They lived in the old mansion house, which stood only a few feet from the railroad, just west of "Best Gate."

On the east, looking toward Annapolis, was the Carroll estate. On the north was General John Hammond's, in the valley of which, long after the last relics of his homestead had disappeared, was found a memorial tablet, which now rests in the grounds of St. Annes. To the northwest of old Hockley, reaching back to Round Bay, were the three Howard brothers, — Samuel, Cornelius and John Howard — running with Hockley branch. On the southwest was " Todd's Gap," which opened up the way to Lancelot Todd's. Upon a hill to the south of the mansion, is the old Dorsey burial ground,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, 63

now succeeded by a later one in the beautiful gardens of new Hockley, upon the southern border of the estate. Upon the site of the old coachhouse, the plowshare turned up a silver plate, which was evi- dently used upon some family carriage. It represents a bended arm in armor, holding a sheaf of wheat. (This is claimed to be Eden's arms).

Caleb Dorsey increased his father's estates upon the Severn, and took up an extensive body of land in what is now Howard County. It extended from Elk Ridge Landing back to the old brick Church, upon which he placed his three sons, John, Basil and Caleb of Bel- mont. Still later, the three sons of Thomas Beale Dorsey, of Caleb, surveyed a still more valuable estate west of Ellicotts City. In 1732, Caleb Dorsey deeded to his son, Richard, the attorney, the homestead. After its destruction by fire Richard built upon the present site, upon the southern border. Caleb Dorsey's will, of 1742, gives us a view of the extensive farming systems of that period. "To my sons, Basil, John and Caleb, whom I have sufficiently pro- vided for, I give £b each. To Richard, Edward and Thomas Beale, I give twenty head of cattle, and twenty head of sheep, each.

■^ — > To Thomas Beale, the two tracts of land I bought of Thomas Higgins, after the death of my wife."

A large part of his estate had been deeded to his children through his trustee, John Beale.

His widow survived him ten years, and in her will, of 1752 named her son Edward, daughter Sophia Gough, grandson Henry Woodward, goddaughter Mary Todd, goddaughter Elinor Dorsey, of John. She made her sons, Edward and John Dorsey, her execu- tors.

Achsah Dorsey, her oldest daughter, married Amos Woodward, nephew of Amos Garrett, first Mayor of Annapolis.

Henry Woodward was their only son. Their daughters were, Mary, Elizabeth, Eleanor and Achsah Fotterall.

Henry Woodward married Mary Young, daughter of Colonel Richard Young, of Calvert County, and Rebecca, his wife. Their issue were, Rebecca — Philip Rogers; Eleanor — Samuel Dorsey; Mary — first, Mr. Govane, second, Mr. Owings; Harriet — first. Colonel Edmund Brice, whose son , James Edmund Brice, was consul to St. Domingo; second. Colonel Murray. .--^ Achsah Woodward, of Henry, died young. •

The early death of Henry broke the male line of Amos Wood- ward. Mrs. Mary (Young) Woodward married, second, John Hes- silius, the artist, whose portrait of her is now owned by Dr. Wm. G. Ridout. Her home was "Belfield," upon the Severn. She was a lady of strong Christian character, interested in the religious move- ments of the early days of Methodism. She was a member of the Church of England. "Primrose" was her later home.

Sophia Dorsey, of Caleb, of "Hockley," married Thomas Gough, of England. Their son, Harry Dorsey Gough, inherited a fortune from England, "and built 'Perry Hall.' " This has thus been

64 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

described by a Methodist minister: "For the first I saw Perry Hall, the seat of Harry Dorsey Gough, when we got in sight of the house, and it could be seen far off. I felt some strange sensations. Ferry Hall was the largest dwelling house I had ever seen, and all the arrangements, within and without, were tasteful and elegant; yet simplicity and utility seemed to be stamped on the whole. The garden, containing four acres of ground, orchards and everything else were delightful indeed, and looked to me like an earthly para- dise. But what pleased me better than anything else, was a neat chapel attached to the house, with a small cupola and bell that could be heard all over the farm. In this chapel morning and even- ing prayers were offered, when the manager and servants from the farm house and servant's quarters, together with the inhabitants of the great mansion house, repaired to the chapel, sometimes num- bering fifty persons at prayers. The whole family, including children, numbered about one hundred; all seemed to know their duty and did it. Mr. and Mrs. Gough, (who was Miss Carnan), were con- verted under Mr. Asbury, and became members of the first Metho- dist class organized in Baltimore; and Mr. Gough sometimes preached, though the sect was often times persecuted. At a camp-meeting near the Belair road, Mr. Gough rode up on horse back, and his family in a coach drawn by four splendid white horses. Never before had I seen people in a coach of four to hear a back-woods preacher, in a log cabin. Our house was too small, and we got up a subscription for a larger one. When Mr. Gough heard of it he went to them and said, "Take what you have and build a school- house for your children, and I will get you a meeting-house." Gen- eral Ridgely, of " Hampton," Mrs. Gough's brother, gave them an acre of ground for a meeting-house and a burial ground. Mr. Gough advanced the money and paid all expenses. He named it "Camp- Meeting Chapel."

After Mr. Gough's death, Mrs. Gough took up the cross and led the worship of God in her family. She was a woman of uncommon fortitude and courage. The very day of the battle of North Point, I preached to a few old men and some females, among whom was Mrs. Gough. The report of the guns was very plainly heard while I was preaching, and the bombs were heard at " Perry Hall," twelve miles from Baltimore, nearly all night. Mrs. Gough determined to send away a part of her family, but to stay herself and plead her own cause. It was in the mouth of eyeryone, ' the prayers of the good people of Baltimore saved the city.'

"Mrs. Carroll, daughter of Mrs. Gough, was an accomplished lady, and what is still better an humble Christian. Her end was most triumphant. Bishop Asbury 's journal notes the following: ' 'Perry Hall' was always hospitably open to visitors.'

"Harry Dorsey Gough's funeral sermon was preached; there might be two thousand people to hear. My subject was pretty much a portraiture of Mr. Gough's religious character. His hospitable home was burned down many years ago, with the portraits paneled

Founders of Axne Aeundel axd Howard Counties. 65

in its dining room. The present mansion was built by Mr. James Carroll; the property has passed out of the family, but a member has a picture of the original building. The portraits of Mr. Gough have only recently been destroyed by fire. The approach to ' Perry Hair is the Belair road."

The only daughter and child of Mr. Govigh was Sophia, who married James Mackubin, son of Nicholas and Mary Clare Carroll, sister of "The Barrister." At the latter's request, to perpetuate his name and fortune, Mr. James Mackubin took the name of James Carroll. His heirs were Harry Dorsey Gough Carroll — Eliza Ridgely, daughter of Governor Charles C. Ridgely, of " Hampton." Prudence Gough Carroll — John Ridgely, son of Governor Ridgely. Charles Ridgely Carroll — Rebecca Anna Pue. Issue, Charles Arthur Car- roll— Sally Heath White. Their heirs were the late Charles Ridgely Carroll, Harry Dorsey Gough Carroll, and Sally Heath White Car- roll, all of New Brighton, Staten Island.

Rebecca, daughter of Charles Ridgely Carroll, married Hon. Carroll Spence; Sophia — George B. Milligan; Susan — Thomas Poultney; Mary — Robert Denison. Their daughter is the wife of Colonel Henry Mactier Warfield, of the Fifth Maryland Regiment.

When we were subjects of King George III, Mr. Harry Dorsey Gough built a block of houses on Baltimore Street, extending on the south side from Light Street to Grant Street. In these houses were Grant's Fountain Inn, the Post-Office under Miss Goddard; the American office, and Colonel Wm. Hammond's, the merchant. Several of these were lately condemned. The Carrollton Hotel stood upon the site of the old Fountain Inn, where Washington made his headquarters. The disastrous fire of February, 1904, destroyed this whole block. Upon the same site to-day, a new order of beautiful architecture has been located.

RICHARD DORSEY, OF "HOCKLEY/*

Richard Dorsey, the attorney, came into possession of the home- stead in 1732. He built upon the present site. His wife was Eliza- beth Nicholson, widow of William Nicholson, and daughter of John and Elizabeth (Norwood) Beale.

John Beale was the son of Thomas Beale, of St. Mary's. He was Caleb Dorsey's trustee. He bought from Andrew Norwood, "Norwood's Intact" and "Proctor's Chance," in the city of Annap- olis. His coat of arms may be seen upon his original will, in 1734. Mrs. Elizabeth Beale, that same year, deeded to her daughter, Eliza- beth, then wife of Richard Dorsey, of "Hockley," her father's es- tate; a portion of which had been deeded to Beale Nicholson, only son of William, both then deceased. A portrait of Beale Nicholson is one of the heirlooms of "Hockley."

Mrs. Elizabeth Dorsey was a sister of Mrs. Anne Rutland, wife of Thomas, who in her will, of 1773, named her nieces, Ann Beale, Jlliza Harrison and Mary Dorsey, children of my sister, Elizabeth

66 FouNDEES OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Dorsey, Mary Dorsey, of Richard and Elizabeth, married John Weems; Elinor — Chancellor John Hall; Ann — John Beale; Eliza- beth became Mrs. Harrison. Caleb Dorsey, only son of Richard, inherited Hockley. He married Mary Rutland, of Thomas, the Annapolis importer, who built "Rutland Row," in Annapolis.

Caleb and Mary Dorsey had Richard, of " Hockley," who mar- ried Anne Warfield, daughter of Captain Philemon Warfield, thus uniting again descendants of the two neighboring houses of Dorsey and Warfield. Their issue were, Caleb — Elizabeth Hall Dorsey, whose dancing slippers are still at "Hockley." Issue, Colonel Ed- ward Dorsey, who was with Colonel Harry Gilmonr's dashing troop- er's; Bartus Dorsey, of Baltimore; Richard Dorsey, and Mary Elizabeth, who married the late Magruder Warfield, of Baltimore.

Edward Dorsey, of Richard and Anne — Elizabeth Worthington; Mary, of Richard and Anne — Hon. John Stevens Sellman, of the " Nineteen Van Buren Electors," who, by entering the Senate Cham- ber, when others refused, helped to bring on the compromise during the administration of Governor Veazey."

Anne, of Richard and Anne, inherited "Hockley" — Essex Ridley Dorsey, of Vachel and Elizabeth Dorsey, grandson of Vachel and Ruth Dorsey, and great-grandson of John and Honor (Elder) Dorsey. Vachel Dorsey, Jr., and Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, were surveyors of "Vacant Land." Essex Ridley Dorsey's mother, Elizabeth Dorsey, was the daughter of Joshua and Elizabeth (Hall) Dorsey, and granddaughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Worthington) Dorsey.

" Hockley," taken up by two brothers. Major Edward and Hon. John, is thus held by the combined descendants of those brothers, viz.: Vachel Charles, who holds the old "Hockley" estate, upon which he has built a modern house; Miss Anne Elizabeth, who presides at "Hockley," Evalina, Andrew Jackson and Richard Dor- sey, of " Hockley." Evalina — Richard Dorsey Sellman, son of Hon. John Stevens Sellman. Issue, Mary Laura, Anne Elizabeth Dorsey, Eleanor and Gertrude Sellman. Mrs. Sellman died, January 1st, 1900. Her first three daughters are of the household of " Hockley." Miss Gertrude Sellman resides in Baltimore.

The original patent for "Hockley," under the seal of Lord Charles Baltimore, perfectly legible and well-preserved, is an heir- loom of "Hockley." A silouette of Mr. Essex Ridley Dorsey hangs upon the walls of " Hockley," in the charming gardens of which, among the flowers and shrubs, he now sleeps beside his wife and her ancestors.

Samuel and Joshua Dorsey, of Caleb and Ehnor, both died bachelors, and left their estates to their brothers and sisters.

Edward Dorsey, of Caleb and Elinor, was an attorney and residd^d in Annapolis. He took up an extensive estate in Frederick County, and became a member of the Council from that county. He wgis engaged in many important legal cases in the Court of the ChancerV Governor Sharp, in his correspondence with Lord Baltimore, note,^

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 67

the fact that the then existing Council was composed of relatives of Mr. Edward Dorsey, all of whom were opposed to the proprietary. As Frederick Calvert was then at the head, it was only an honor to be in opposition. Edward Dorsey was in partnership with his brother, Caleb, of Belmont, in smelting iron ore. After his early death, and the death of all his heirs, Ely Dorsey, husband of Ed- wards' sister, Deborah, entered a suit in chancery for the recovery of a large share of the property of the firm, then held by Caleb of Belmont. After a long and exhaustive trial, the case was com- promised.

Edward Dorsey loaned money on many tracts in Howard and Frederick Counties, and made extensive transfers in real estate. He was his mother's executor. He was a brother-in-law of Governor Paca. He was a member of the Tuesday Club, of Annapolis, in its palmy days, and was one of its eloquent debaters. His wife was Henrietta Marie Chew, daughter of Samuel and Henrietta Maria Lloyd, of Colonel Philemon and Henrietta Marie (Neale) Bennett, In early manhood, whilst on a trip to Boston for his health, he died at New Port, in 1760.

His widow followed him in 1762. Their two daughters, Eleanor and Henrietta Marie Dorsey, both died before reaching womanhood, leaving their estate of ^30,000 to their Dorsey relatives.

The Annapolis Gazette, in reviewing the eminent service of Captain Edward Dorsey, gave him the title of "Eminent Councilor."

Eleanor- Dorsey (of Caleb and Eleanor), married Thomas Todd, of "Todd's Neck," Baltimore County, whose genealogy has already been traced. Their only son was Thomas Todd, the fifth, who left four sons, Thomas, Bernard, Dr. Christopher and Robert Todd. The daughters of Thomas and Eleanor Todd were Elizabeth, Eleanor, Francis and Mary, already noted elsewhere.

Mrs. Todd married again, William Lynch, and resided near Pikesville. Their daughter, Deborah Lynch, married Samuel Ow- ings, founder of Owings Mill, son of Samuel and Urith (Randall) Owings. From this marriage descends Mr. Thos. B. Cockey, of Pikesville, and Richard Cromwell, of Baltimore.

(The remaining heirs of Caleb and Eleanor will be found in Howard County.)

THE HOWARDS, OF THE SEVERN.

An early certificate in the Land Office at Annapolis reads: "Laid out, July 3rd, 1650, for Matthew Howard, on the Severn, southside, near a creek called Marsh's, beginning at a hollow, called "Howard's Hollow," and binding on said creek, a tract containing 350 acres; also another tract running with Howard's swamp, con- taining 350 acres more." These surveys of Lloyd were not patented.

This record indicates clearly, that Matthew Howard came up with Edward Lloyd, in 1650. In support of this, the records of

hy,

68 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Lower Norfolk County, Virginia, give us the following history of the Howards, of Virginia.

V "There were three Howards, or Haywards, among the Eng- lish members of the Virginia Companies," records Alexander Brown, in his "First Republic." "They were Master John, Rev. John, and Sir John Howard, Knight. They contributed, in all, ^112 and 12s.

Master John, the historian, was born in Suffolk, in 1560; was D. C. L. of Cambridge; pleader in ecclesiastical courts; was knighted 1619, and an M. P. in 1621; married Jane Pascal; died in London 1627. His "Life of Edward VI." was pubhshed after his death.

Rev. John Howard, was reported in Stiths History of Virginia, as "John Howard, Clerk."

He subscribed ^37. He was the author of "Strong Helper," in 1614.

Sir John Howard subscribed £15. He was the second son of Sir Rowland, by his second wife, Catherine Smythe. He was knighted at Windsor, July 23rd, 1609; was High Sheriff of Kent in 1642.

In 1622, a John Howard, who had come with Edward Bennett's first company, in 1621, was killed by the Indian massacre of 1622. His plantation formed the border Hne of the Isle of Wight, Virginia. From some of these Howards, members of the Virginia Company, descended Matthew Howard, a close friend, relative and neighbor of Edward and Cornelius Lloyd, in Virginia, and with the former, came to Maryland.

Matthew Howard was in Virginia, in 1635, as shown by a court record, in which he had a suit with Mr. Evans. In 1645, he was the executor of the will of Richard Hall, a merchant of Virginia, who, in 1610, was one of the "Grocers Coiu-t," of England, which contributed 2^100 toward the plantation in Virginia.

Colonel Cornelius Lloyd was a witness to Richard Hall's will, in 1645. The testator's property was left to Ann, Elizabeth, John, Samuel, Matthew and Cornelius Howard, children of Matthew and Ann Howard.

Philip Howard, the youngest son of Matthew and Ann, was evidently not born in 1645, for his name was not included in the hst of legatees. But, in 1659, Commander Edward Lloyd surveyed for him, after the death of Matthew, the Severn tract of " Howard- stone," for "Philip Howard, Orphant."

In 1662, the sons of Matthew Howard, came up to the Severn, and seated themselves near their father's surveys. John, Samuel and Cornelius Howard, all transported a number of settlers, and received grants for the same upon the Severn. They located ad- joining each other, near Round Bay.

In 1661, Henry Catlin, one of Edward Lloyd's commissioners, also, of the Nansemond Church, assigned his survey to Matthew Howard, Jr., who resurveyed the same, with "Hopkins Plantation" added, into "Howard's Inheritance."

In 1662, the five brothers, John, Samuel, Matthew, Cornelius and Philip, had nine hundred acres granted them as brothers.

Pounders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 69

It was upon one of these many hills of Severn, in the neighbor- hood of Round Bay, that John Howard slew the lion.

John Howard, heir-at-law of Matthew and namesake of his grandfather, John, was a progressive surveyor of lands. He located at Round Bay. In 1663, with Charles Stephens, he took up "The Woodyard" and "Charles Hills," on the south side of the Severn.

Upon the death of Charles Stephens, John Howard married Susannah Stephens, the widow. She was the heir of Captain John Norwood. The only issue of John and Susannah Howard was Cap- tain John Howard, Jr. John Howard, Sr., extended his surveys to Baltimore County, and took up "Timber Neck," upon the mouth of the Whetstone. It later became a part of Baltimore City. He also took up lands in Harford County. John Howard's second wife was Elinor, widow of John Maccubin, by whom there was no issue. She was of the Carroll family. Her daughter, Sarah Maccubin, be- came the wife of William Griffith, the immigrant. John Howard's will, of 1696, left his extensive estate to his son, John Howard, Jr., and to his wife's grandson, Orlando Griffith.

Captain John Howard, Jr., increased his father's estate by yearly surveys. About 1690, he married Mary, daughter of Richard and Elinor (Browne) Warfield, his neighbor on Round Bay. Their issue were Benjamin, Absolute and Rachel Howard, all minors at the death of his wife. Captain Howard married again, Katherine, widow of Henry Ridgely, and daughter of Colonel Nicholas Green- berry. Their only issue was one daughter, Katherine Howard. Mrs. Howard died before her husband, leaving five minors by her former husband, Henry Ridgely.

Captain John Howard soon followed her, and left, in 1704, the following will:

"I give unto my son, Benjamin Howard, my dwelling planta- tion, whereon I now do live, and all the land adjoining it, during his natural life, and to the lawful heirs of his body, and for want of such heirs, to go to the next of blood in the name.

"I give to my son Benjamin, 'Howard's Cove,' lying at Round Bay; also, a plantation on the Patapsco, bought of James Greeniffe, and another parcel, lying near the head of Bush River, and upon the branches of Deer Creek, containing four hundred acres, called 'Howard's Harbor,' and, also, a half part of 'Howard's Chance.'

"I give to my son. Absolute Howaird, two tracts on Patapsco, called 'Yates Inheritance,' and "Howard's Point,' also 'Howards Cattle Range,' south side of Patapsco on Mill Branch; also a tract on ' Bush River.' I give to my two daughters, Rachel Howard and Katherine Howard, all that parcel of land called " Howards Timber Neck,' lying at the mouth of Whetstone, to be equally divided be- tween them, during their natural life, and to their lawful heirs, and, for want of such heirs, to my son Benjamin and his heirs.

I desire that the orphans of Mr. Henry Ridgely have their portion paid, according to their father's will, and I give to my son, Charles Ridgely, ' Howard Luck,' lying at Huntington, A. A. Co. I .iiive to

70 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Mr. Henry Ridgely's five children, twenty pounds apiece, to be paid them at the day of marriage, or at the age of twenty-one.

" I make and ordain my loving brothers, Mr. Richard Warfield and Mr. Alexander Warfield ,to be my full, whole and only executors of this my last will and testament. And my loving brothers, Mr. Charles Greenberry and John Hammond, I make and ordain over- seers of this my will, and I give each of them thirty shillings to buy them a ring to wear for my sake. I desire my son Benjamin shall have my silver-headed cane, that has come in this year; and my son Absolute, shall have my silver tobacco box, that has my name on it; and my son-in-law (stepson), Henry Ridgely, shall have the other silver tobacco box, that has his father's name; and that Joshua Dorsey shall have my silver-hilted sword, that is at John Green- iffe's house, which his father Dorsey gave me. If you find three gold rings, given by me, I desire you to let Anne Ridgely have her first choice, and Betty and Rachel have the other ones. I desire to be buried by my father, on his left hand, and have the grave- yard pailed.

"I desire you to send for a ring, equal in value to the others, for my daughter, Katherine Howard.

"I do advise that you take care that all the lands I have sur- veyed this year, have patents issued in the names of the orphans, I desire that you will give honorable satisfaction to my friend, Mr. Edward Rumney, for any trouble I may be when I draw my last breath, and that you will give his wife a ring at that period.

"I give to Mrs. Eleanor Howard, twenty shillings, to buy her a ring." John Howard, (seal.)

Witnesses: Joseph Hill, Cornelius Howard, Zachariah Taylor, Zachariah Maccubin, Benjamin Warfield, John Warfield, William Maccubin.

The above will was supplemented by seven codicils, as after thoughts, during this critical period, with both wives dead and nine young children to dispose of.

SAMUEL HOWARD.

There is still one living neighbor of the Severn, who remembers seeing, when a boy, the terraced grounds which surrounded the old stone house of Samuel Howard, and he read from the tombstone in the graveyard, the name of " Patience Howard, daughter of Samuel Howard." She was the daughter of the later Samuel Howard.

Samuel Howard married Catherine, daughter of James and Elizabeth Warner, daughter of William Harris, of South River. The will of James Warner, names "his son Samuel Howard, to whom he left his cloth suit, and to his grandson Philip Howard, another suit of 'stuff e.' "

Peter Porter, the second, in his will names "his father Samuel Howard," and made him heir and executor. His wife was Sarah

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 71

Porter, daughter of Samuel Howard. Samuel Howard's will, of 1703, throws considerable light on his family. He named his wife, Cath- erine; his son Philip; his grandsons John and Samuel Maccubin, and his granddaughter, Elizabeth Maccubin, to whom he left ^^20 each. To "cousin" John Howard, "cousin" John Hammond, "cou- sin's Sarah Brice, Hannah Hamm.ond, Cornelius and Joseph How- ard, and "cousin" Elizabeth Norwood, he left twenty shillings each. It is well known, all these "cousins" were his nephews and nieces. John Howard was the only son of John Howard, brother of the testator; John Hammond was the son of Major John Hammond, and Mary Howard his wife, sister of the testator. Sarah Brice was the daughter of Matthew Howard, brother of the testator. Hannah Hammond was the daughter of Philip Howard, another brother. Cornelius and Joseph Howard were the sons of his brother Cornelius, and Elizabeth Norwood was the wife of Andrew Norwood, and daughter of Cornelius Howard. Samuel Howard made his nephews, John Hammond and John Howard, overseers of his will, with his son Philip, executor. This will establishes, beyond question, that the above five Howards were brothers. As executor of his father, Philip Howard had a case in Chancery, leading out of the will of his grandfather, James Warner, who left "Warner's Neck" to his daughter, Joanna Sewell, with the provision that it would descend to, and remain always in possession of her heirs. It was sold by her son, James Sewell, to Samuel Howard. This sale was contested by other Sewell heirs, but the Rent Rolls show the same tract "in possession of Henry Pinkney, by his marriage to the widow of Philip Howard." The latter died two years after his father and "Henry Pinkney, Cornelius Howard and Joseph Howard were made guardians of Samuel, James, Priscilla and Rachel Howard, children of Philip Howard." Samuel, in 1744, married Patience Dorsey. Annie Ho- ward, of the city of Annapolis, in 1744, named her children Samuel, Harvey, Annie, Philip, Charles, Benjamin and Thomas Howard. Samuel Howard married Miss Higginbottom.

CAPTAIN CORNELIUS HOWARD.

Named for Colonel Cornelius Lloyd, this Severn settler was made Ensign in command of the Severn. From 1671 to 1675 he represented Anne Arundel County in the Legislative Assembly. His colleagues were Robert Francklyn and Colonel Wm. Burgess. This official position enabled him to increase his surveys and take up surveys for his neighbors. He was frequently called upon to write the will and become a witness of the same for his neighbors. He was sole executor and legatee of Wm. Carpenter, in 1676. Captain John Sisson, in 1663, named Cornelius Howard, "my brother" and executor. Mrs. Elizabeth Howard, wife of Cornelius, was "aunt" of Mary Todd, daughter of Lancelot.

Captain Cornelius, of 1680, left the homestead to his wife and son Joseph. Captain Cornelius Howard, Jr., the boatwright, heired

72 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

adjoining lands. The daughters were Sarah, Mary, the spinster, and EHzabeth, wife of Andrew Norwood, whose daughter married John Beale.

JOSEPH HOWARD, OF CAPTAIN CORNELIUS.

The homestead, near the old Indian trail, and a later survey of "Howards Inheritance," became Joseph's estate in Anne Arundel. He was twice married: first to Anne Burroughs, widow of Joseph Burroughs, who held land on South River; second to Margery Keith. Joseph Howard took up, for his sons, the following tracts in Howard County, in the neighborgood of Clarksville. In 1722, he and others took up a tract of 2,590 acres, called "Discovery." This was fol- lowed by 500 acres known as "Howards Passage," in 1728. And "Joseph's Hazard," of 100 acres, in 1727. His will of 1736, records: "I give to my son, Henry Howard, "Kil-Kenny" and "Howards Hazard" adjoining, ouf^ a tract of "Howards Passage," and 300 acres of "The Second Discovery." I give to son Ephriam, 500 acres of "Discovery." (This was later deeded by EphriaiTrto his brother Henry). I give to my son Joseph, 200 acres called "Discovery," adjoining Ephriam. I give to my son Cornelius the remainder of said "Discovery," and 400 acres of "Howard's Passage." I give to Joseph the plantation on which I now live, known as " Howards Inheritance," 380 acres, and it is my desire that my friend, Dr. Richard Hill, will instruct in the knowledge of phisick, and be his guardian. I give to my grandson, Joseph Higgins, 100 acres of " The Second Discovery." To daughter Sarah, was left money; to daughter Ruth Duvall, and daughter Hannah Jacob, twenty shillings each. I desire my friends, Colonel Henry Ridgely, Joshua Dorsey, and John Dorsey, of Edward, to be overseers to look after the interests of my sons." Joseph Howard.

Witnesses: John Howard, John Burgess, William Phelps.

Margery Howard, his widow, in 1739, gave to her sons, Cor- nelius, Ephriam, Joseph Howard, and daughter Sarah, a number of negroes.

In 1737-8, Ephriam Howard deeded his portion of "Discovery" to his brother Henry. This tract was on the east and south of Car- rolls Manor. 500 arces of the original body of 2,590 acres, were patented to John Beale; 1090 acres, to Joseph Howard; 200 acres, to Abel Browne; 800 acres, to Thomas Bordley. The tract known as "Second Discovery" began at a line of "Altogether," which w^as on the western border of Carroll's Manor, and extended west and north toward Glenelg and West Friendship. It was surveyed for John Beale, Vachel Denton, Priscilla Geist and Joseph Howard, and patented to Vachel Denton and Joseph Howard, who held 910 acres. Denton sold his interest to William Worthington. Joseph Howard, Jr., was the only one who remained in Anne Arundel County. His will, of 1783, granted to his wife one-half of the dwelling place, "Howards' Inheritance," a part of "Rich Neck" and "Chaney's

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 73

Hazard." After her death it was to go to Joseph Howard, Jr., and Margery, wife of Major Henry Hall; to son Benjamin the other half of the above lands. *' It is my will that Benjamin give up his claim to his part of his grandmother's, Margaret Gaither's estate, willed to him by her, and he is to receive no part of my personal estate, but that it be divided equally between my granddaughter, Margaret Howard, daughter of my son Joseph, and my grandson Henry, son of my daughter Margery, wife of Henry Hall. To grandson Thomas Rutland, son of my daughter Mary, one shilling. To my son Joseph, all my tract lying at South River, known as " Howard's Angle." If Benjamin will not make over his grandmother's part, then Joseph is to have Benjamin's part." Richard Burgess, Charles Stewart, Jr., and Samuel Burgess, witnesses.

Mrs. Joseph Howard was Margaret Williams, daughter of Mrs. Margaret Gaither, widow of Edward. She inherited "Folkland." Joseph Howard, Jr., gave to his daughters the old dwelling house, whereon, as tenant, lived Richard Rawlins. After them, it was to go to Joseph Howard his son, his wife, Martha Howard, and brother Benjamin, executors. She was Martha Hall, daughter of Rev. Henry Hall, of St. James Parish. She later married Nicholas Hall. Ben- jamin Howard, brother of the above testator, left his estate of 500 acres to Joseph, of Joseph, and a part of the dwelling and residence to his nieces, Elizabeth, Eleanor, Martha, Margery and Kitty, and to his nephew, John Washington Hall; sister Martha Howard, widow of brother Joseph, executrix.

JOSEPH HOWARD, OF '* HOWARD'S GROVE."

In r|36, the above testator left his "Mansion House" to his wife Catherine, with power to control it as he was accustomed to do, and to live in the same style; to command servants, horses and teams at her will; sons Thomas and Joseph, to assist her in its management; daughters Elizabeth, Margaret and son Allen, all to hold their interests in common. The property to be held to- gether imtil the marriage of all his daughters, and then to be divided. He desired that all of his children should be baptised, and paid a high tribute to his wife. Robert Welsh, of Benjamin, Thomas G. Waters and John Thomas were witnesses. A codicil, modifying some of the provisions, was witnessed by Richard Duckett, Martha Howard and Thomas Duckett.

The above testator has been recorded in " The Bowies and Their Kindred," as descending from Matthew Howard, of Matthew, as seen by the following quotations, " Matthew Howard, of Matthew, of 1650, through his son Joseph Howard, who married Martha Hall, daughter of Rev. Henry Hall, of the Episcopal ministry, of England, left Joseph Hov^^ard, Jr., born 1786, who married Elizabeth Susannah Bowie, daughter of Captain Fielder Bowie. Issue: Dr. Joseph Howard, of 181 1, married Eleanor, daughter of William Digges Clagett and Sarah Young; second Thomas Contee Bowie Howard, born 1812,

74 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

married Louisa, daughter of John Selby Spence, of Worcester Co., United States Senator. Issue: Margaret Louisa Howard, married Nicholas T. Watkins, of Howard Co. ; Thomas Contee Bowie Howard, Jr., married Sally Stevens, of Cambridge, and lived near Annapolis; third Margaret Howard, married Dr. Thomas S. Duckett. Issue: Marion and Ella Duvall; Allen Bowie Howard, of Joseph, Jr., mar- ried Anna Maria Spence, sister of his brother's wife and lived at "Mulberry Grove," Anne Arundel. Issue: John Spence Howard, married Mary E. Hodges. Issue: Mary, John Spence, Jr., Mar- garet, Ellen Howard, Sophia and James Hodges Howard; Allan Bowie Howard married Rose Alexander, of Philadelphia; Sarah Maria Howard." Captain Thos. Howard, the popular commander of the Oyster Navy, under both Governors Smith and Warfield, descends from this branch of Howards.

CAPTAIN PHILIP HOWARD.

"Our Early Settlers" notes the arrival of Philip Howard, in 1669, and his demand for fifty acres for transporting himself. In 1659, a grant was made to Philip Howard, orphan," under the title of " Howard's Stone." This was on the north side of the Severn, adjoining Edward Lloyd. Philip Howard bought lands also from Cornelius Howard, on the south side of the Severn. He bought, also, from Robert Proctor. He was one of Her Majesty's Justices in 1694, and during that same year, was a commissioner in laying off the town of Annapolis. He married Ruth Baldwin, daughter of John Baldwin, and Elizabeth, his wife. She was a sister of John Baldwin, who married Hester (Larkin) Nicholson, and also a sister of Mrs. Thomas Cruchley, of Annapolis. She was the aunt of Anne Baldwin, wife of Judge Samuel Chase and Hester, wife of Judge Jeremiah Townley Chase.

Captain Philip and Ruth Howard had one daughter, Hannah, who married her cousin, Charles Hammond. In his will, of 1701, Captain Howard named his grandsons, Charles and Philip Hammond, sons of his daughter, Hannah. Mrs. Ruth Howard was made execu- trix. The Rent Rolls record: "Ruth Howard, relict of Captain Philip Howard, enters a tract of land called 'Green Spring,' pur- chased by said Howard from Robert Proctor. She also claims 'Maiden,' and 'Howard and Porters Range,' — conveyed from Cor- nelius Howard to said Philip; also a tract called 'The Marsh.' She further claims that Cornelius Howard, Sr. , left a portion of ' Howard and Porter's Range' to Mary Howard, spinster, and that she con- veyed it to Cornelius Howard, Jr., who conveyed it to her husband, Philip Howard." All of these claims stand as demanded.

From Hannah Howard, only daughter of Philip and Ruth (Baldwin) Howard, descended a long line of Hammonds, the largest land holders in both Howard and Anne Arundel Counties.

FOUNDERS OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 75

MATTHEW HOWARD.

Matthew Howard, Jr., was in the province as early as his brothers, in 1662. Yet the following record from "Our Early Set- tlers" re-tTS to him: "May 7th, 1667, Matthew Howard demanded land fox transporting Sarah Darcy, his wife, John Pine, Thomas Gleve.; Thomas Madloe, Wm. Cooke, Joseph Windoes, Sarah Driven, Elizabeth Warrenton, Samuel Doyle, Joane Garnish. Warrant, then issued in the name of Matthew Howard, for five hundred acres of land, due him for transportation of said persons."

Matthew Howard surveyed and bought extensively upon the neciv of the Severn and Magothy Rivers. He was an associate justice of the county, and upon the committee of the port of entry.

Two sons and one daughter were his heirs. John held " Howard's

P^irst Choice," which he and his wife Susannah, transferred to Lance- lot Todd, in 1698. He resided upon the Magothy. St. Margaret's Parish shows the births of his sons, Matthew, John and Abner. He died in 1702, when his widow, the same year, married William Crouch, who held "Poplar Plains," suryeved in 1683, by Matthew Howard, Sr., for Matthew Howard, Jr., the minor. The two sons of John and Susannah Howard, were progressive surveyors in the upper districts of Baltimore and Anne Arundel Counties. They made the following record in Annapolis: "Matthew Howard and John Howard, of Baltimore County, planters, eldest sons of John Howard and grandsons of Matthew Howard, both of Anne Arundel, and Ruth Howard, wife of said John Howard, grant to John Brice, "Hopkins Plantation," northwest of the Severn; said land assigned to Matthew Howard, in 1663."

John Howard, also, sold "Left Out," a tract near Dayton, Howard County, to John Gaither. Ruth Howard, his wife, was the widow, first of Edward Dorsey, and second of Greeniffe. Her will of 1747, named her sons, and executors John and Edward Dorsey; her grandson, John Greeniffe Howard, and her granddaughter Eliza- beth Hammond. She was then residing near her sons, or with them, at Columbia, Howard County.

Sarah Howard, only daughter of Matthew and Sarah Darcey, inherited a large portion of her father's Severn estate; finally, by her two marriages to Captain John Worthington and Captain John Brice, she held all of the estate; dying in 1735, in the old Worth- ington homestead, just opposite the Naval Academy. Matthew Howard, her brother, held by the will of his father, in 1692, " Hop- kins Plantation," "Poplar Plains" and "The Adventure," on the Patuxent. He sold, in 1728, "Poplar Plains" to Anne Price, and left no other records at Annapolis. Matthew Howard, of Frederick County, sold lands to Edward Dorsey, the attorney of Annapolis. There was, also, a Matthew Howard, of Kent County, "who left a considerable estate to his heirs." He named in his will, several tracts in Anne Arundel. I have not followed these testators.

76 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard CountiS.

HENRY HOWARD, THE BACHELOR.

Henry Howard, of Anne Arundel, appeared as a witness for John Homewood, in a case brought by the latter against Sheriff John Welsh. Henry Howard held lands on the GunpowaPr River, but he is recorded as a resident of Anne Arundel. In hiJa"'"''!!! of 1683, he left to "John Howard his wearing apparel," and to ''John Howard and to Matthew Howard, of Anne Arundel, each a silver seal ring." To John Bennett and Sarah, his wife, "a seal ring with the coat of arms," and a hooked ring with the initials F. C." vThe above Sarah wife of John Bennett, was the widow of John Ho^^ wood, and the daughter of Thomas Meeres, the Quaker, of Edw^-^^ Lloyd's commissioners, in 1650.) He also left "to Sarah Dasey; wife of Joseph Dasey, two hundred acres of land upon the Gun-" powder." His personal estate was granted to Edward Skidmore; Elizabeth Skidmore and Michael Skidmore. To Theophilus Hacketti his administrator, he left a pair of silk stockings and sixteen hundred pounds of tobacco. Richard Howard was a witness. Edward Skid-" more, gentleman, of Cecil, left a remembrance to his friend, Henry' Howard, and made the above Skidmores legatees.

This testator was evidently a connection of the five Howard: brothers, and may have been the traditional "Sir Henry Howard/' to whom descendants of a later namesake refer.

CAPTAIN CORNELIUS HOWARD, JR. 1

As a mariner he held but a small estate in realty. He was of- the vestry of St. Anne's church, upon its organization, in 1696, with' Thomas Bland, Richard Warfield, Jacob Harness and William Brown. His wife was Mary Hammond. The will of her mother, Mary (Heath) Hammond, in 1721, named her grandson, John Howard, grand- daughter, Sarah Howard; grandson, Thomas Howard; grand- daughter, Eleanor Howard; grandson, Cornelius Howard.

Mrs. Cornelius Howard died in 1714, and her husband in 1716. His will reads: "My son Charles, is already provided for. To my son John Howard, my lands on the Choptank. To my son Thomas' Howard, my lands on the Patapsco. To Cornelius, the homestead."'

His son Charles died in 1717. His will reads: "I give to my' brother Thomas one-half of a tract conveyed to me by Richard^ Freeborne, called "Freeborne's Progress," in Baltimore County. To" brother Thomas I give my part after my brother, Cornelius Howard,' has had his moiety mentioned in a deed of a gift to my said brother.""

"This gift to my brother Thomas, is to be void unless he gives| a tract left by his father on the Patapsco, to such person my wife,^ Mary Howard, shall sell the said tract of fiftj^ acres to. I authorize^ my wife Mary, to sell my lands on the Patapsco, called "Roger's, Increase," and the money thus raised, to be paid over to my brother Thomas, as a part which I gave him by deed of gift, not signed. i

"To my wife Mary and son Benjamin, all my personal estate,^ and appoint her my executrix." Witnesses, Jno. Beale, Jno. Cun- ningham and James Howard.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 77

Thomas Howard surveyed "Hazard" in 1724, adjoining lands laid out for Samuel Dorsey. In 1731, he sold the same to Mr. Wright, who sold to William Gumming. The will of Thomas Howard, in 1771, left all his estate to his wife Anne, and made her executrix.

Cornelius Howard, of Captain Cornelius, Jr., lived upon the homestead in Anne Arundel. His wife was Elizabeth, and their son, Cornelius Howard, was born in 1728. A Thomas Howard of this line and his wife, Priscilla Selby, were granted "Freeborn's Progress" by Robert and Sarah Ridgely, of Elkridge, which they sold to Mr. Peele, in 1728. In the deed of transfer, Robert Ridgely stated it came to his wife by inheritance.

Still later, a Thomas Howard married Ruth Dorsey, daughter of Elias and Mary Lawrence, daughter of Benjamin Lawrence, of "Delaware Hundred."

^ COLONEL HENRY RIDGELY.

From the manuscript of Judge Nicholas Ridgely, of Delaware, now in possession of Mrs. Henry Ridgely, of Dover, and from the records of Annapolis, I find the Ridgelys, of Annapolis, and of Dela- ware, descended from the "Hon. Henry Ridgely, of Devonshire, England, who settled in Maryland, in 1659, upon a royal grant of 6,000 acres. He became a Colonel of Militia, member of the Assembly of the Governmental Council, Justice of the Peace, and Vestryman of the Parish Church of St. Ann's."

The above is taken from the Ridgely manuscript of a grandson, and confirms the record made by Mr. Creagar, who indexed " Our Early Settlers." He assumed that the following record was intended for the above Colonel Henry Ridgely : " Henry Ridley demands lands for transporting himself, which is entered in Buries book, and Eliza- beth Howard, his wife, and John Hall, Stephen Gill, Richard Ravens and Jane his servants, in the year 1659."

The next entry is 1661, when "James Wardner (Warner) and Henry Ridgely were granted a certificate for 600 acres, called ' Ward- ridge,' on the north side of South River, joining a tract, * Broome/ formally Richard Beard's, adjoining Neale Clarke's."

In 1665, James Warner assigned his right to Henry Ridgely. This transfer was one of the burnt records of 1704. It was restored by Colonel Charies Greenberry, in the interest of his sister's children.

Judge Nicholas Ridgely 's bible-record throws more light on Colonel Henry Ridgely's wife; it reads thus, "Nicholas Ridgely, son of Henry, (who was the son of Colonel Henry and Sarah, his wife), and Catherine, his wife, (who was the daughter of Colonel Nicholas Greenberry and Ann, his wife), all of Anne Arundel County, in the Province of Maryland), the said Nicholas was born the 12th day of February, A. D., 1694, and was married to Sarah Worth- ington, (the daughter of Captain John and Sarah, his wife, of Anne Anmdel County, aforesaid), the 26th day of December, 1711."

78 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

This record shows that if Colonel Henry Ridgely's wife was Elizabeth Howard, she was not the mother of Colonel Ridgely's son Henry. His mother evidently belonged to the house of James Warner and Elizabeth Harris, his wife. In 1679, Henry Ridgely, Sr., was commissioned associate Justice of Anne Arundel; in 1689, he was appointed "Captain of the Foote"; in 1692, he was a mem- ber of the Lower House; in 1694, he was promoted Major, and in the same year was advanced to Colonel in the Militia. In 1685, Colonel Henry surveyed "Ridgely's Forrest." It covered all the land surrounding Annapolis Junction and Savage Factory. In 1699, he granted to his son Henry, 220 acres of "Broome" and 200 acres of "Wardridge." Upon this combined plantation, Henry Ridgely, Jr., having removed from his Annapolis homestead, died in early manhood, thirty years of age, in 1699. There in the reserved grave- yard stood, for years, the well preserved tablet to his memory. In 1702, Colonel Henry sold Charles Carroll "the house and lot in Annapolis, lately in the tenture of my son, adjoining the lots of Charles and Rachel Kilburne."{f In 1696, Colonel Henry Ridgely married Mary (Stanton) Duvall, widow of Mareen Duvall, the Huguenot, and with her administered on Duvall's estate. He then removed across the river to Prince George's County, where he became a merchant. .'^His will, written in 1705, with codicils, was probated in 1710. It reads: "I give to my wife Mary, my home, plantation, 'Cotton'; 'Mary's Delight' and 'Larkin's Folly,' which I bought of Thomas Larkin, to an unborn child. To son Charles Ridgely, all that plantation called 'Hogg Neck,' and 300 acres of 'Ridgely's Lot,' lying at 'Huntington, A. A.', excepting lands sold to Thomas Reynolds and Neale Clarke, near Wm. Griffiths. I give also, to son Charles, 300 acres of ' Wardridge,' adjoining ' Hogg Neck.' My wearing apparel to my brother, William, and my son, Charles. 'Larkin Forrest,' if there be no heir, to be divided between Henry Ridgely and Nicholas Ridgely, sons of his deceased son, Henry, and Henry, son of his son, Charles Ridgely. The remaining part of 'Wardridge,' to go to grandson, Henry Ridgely, son of Henry, deceased, after Charles had 300 acres out of it. If 'Mary's Delight' is not possessed by an heir, it is to be divided between John Brewer, Joseph Brewer, Thomas Odall and Henry Odall, sons of Thomas Odall, (elsewhere written Odell). I give to my daughter, Sarah Odall, wife of Thomas, a negroe girl; to all my grandchildren, ^10; to my god-daughter, Martha Duvall, ^51, and a cow and calf. To St. Barnabas Church, Queen Parish, Prince George, ^20. Grandsons, Henry and Nicholas Ridgely, to be under the care of Thomas Odall and Charles Greenberry, until of age. The remaining part, whether here or in England, to go to my wife and executrix." Witnesses were Louis Duvall and Thomas Reynolds.

The will of John Brewer mentions his wife, Sarah, his sons, John and Joseph, and his father, Henry Ridgely, whom he made his executor, with his wife Sarah.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 79

"Wardridge," or "Waldridge," and "Broome " the inheritance of Henry Ridgely, the second, lay southwest of " Hockley," on the road leading to the head of South River. In its old graveyard, which had been reserved, stood the following tablet:

" Here lyeth the body of Mr. Henry Ridgely, who was born the 3rd of Oct., 1669, and departed this life on ye 19th day of March, 1700."

Having been fractured by the encroachment of a neighboring settler, the " Peggy Stewart Chapter of the Colonial Dames," ordered its removal to the grounds of St. Ann's Church, Annapolis. His widow, Katherine (Greenberry) Ridgely, his executrix, later married Captain John Howard, who named in his will, 1704, "the five orphans of Henry Ridgely," and requested his executors to grant them their portions, as expressed in the will of their father. They were: Henry Ridgely, the third, later known as Colonel Henry Ridgely, of Howard County; Judge Nicholas Ridgely, of Delaware; Charles Ridgely, who inherited "Howard Luck" from Captain John Howard, and died soon after; Ann Ridgely, wife of Joshua Dorsey, and Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Worthington; Nicholas Ridgely, of Henry and Katherine, married Sarah Worthington; lived, after marriage, on "Wyatt's Ridge." Uppn a, portion of this stands "Belvoir," in sight of Round Bay. He also inherited a portion of "Ridgely's Forrest," near Guilford, Howard County. Upon remov- ing first to Cecil County, he sold the former tract to his brother- in-law, John Worthington, Jr., and his wife's inheritance on the Severn, to her mother, Mrs. Sarah Brice. The heirs of Nicholas and Sarah, all named in his bible record, were, Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, Ruth and Ann. His wife died in 1721. His daughter, Rebecca, was married "Where I lived in Cecil Co., Md., on Wed., October, 1731, to Benjamin Warfield, son of Mr. John Warfield, of Anne Arundel, Md. by the Rev. Richard Sewell, Rector of Shrewsberry Parrish, Kent Co., Md."

The will of Mrs. Brice, in 1725, named her granddaughter, Rebecca Ridgely, to whom she left, "one quart silver tankard, one dozen silver spoons, and ^50, in money." Similar legacies were given to her sisters. In 1727, Mr. Nicholas Ridgely's wife was Ann French Gordon, daughter of Robert French, and widow of James Gor- don. She bore him one daughter, Mary, who, became Mrs, Patrick Martain. In 1727, Nicholas and Ann Ridgely' of Cecil County, sold to John Brown, his inheritance "Ridgely's Forrest,' which was re- surveyed into "Browne's Purchase." His daughter Rachel, became the wife of John Vining, Speaker of Delaware Assembly, who owned a large estate in New Jersey. On one of his visits there, he was taken sick, died, and was buried at St. John's Church, Salem, Under the aisle, a stone with an inscription, marks the sepulcher. Mrs. Rachel Vining died in 1753, and was buried under the pew of her father. Judge Ridgely, in Christ Church, Dover.

80 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In 1741, Governor George Thomas, commissioned Nicholas Ridgely as follows: "Reposing a special trust in your loyalty and courage, I have nominated you to be Captain of the Militia Foote, in the upper part of the county of Kent. You are, therefore, to take said Company into your charge, as Captain, and duly exercise both the officers and soldiers in arms, and for so doing, this is your commission. Given under my hand and seal as arms, at the town of New Castle, on the Delaware, 3rd Feb., 1741,

Geoege Thomas."

Governor Warfield, a descendant, has the original commission in his possession.

In 1745, Judge Ridgely became the guardian of Caesar Rodney, who later became the most distinguished patriot of the state. To his training, also, was due the successful careers of his son. Dr. Charles Ridgely, and of the brilliant John Vining, his wife's grand- son.

Quoting again from the Ridgely manuscript: " Nicholas Ridgely second son of Henry Ridgely, was born at 'Wardridge,' in 1694. He was thirty-eight years of age when he moved to 'Eden Hill,' a handsome plantation near Dover. Mr. Ridgely at once took his place among the leading citizens of his adopted state, filling, with honor, the offices of Kent County, Clerk of the Peace, Justice of the Peace, Prothonatory, Register in Chancery, Judge of the Supreme Com-t of New Castle, Kent and Sussex Counties; enjoying the honor until his death, in 1755. In 1735, as foreman of the Grand Jury he signed a petition to King George II, against granting a charter to Lord Baltimore, in abrogation of the rights of the Penn family, in the three lower counties."

In 1743, his daughters, Sarah and Rachel, granted a power of attorney, attested by Nicholas Ridgely and Rebecca_ Warfield, to their uncle, Henry Ridgely, to receive legacies from" their grand- mother's estate. They were then located, "in Kent Co., on the Delaware, in Territories of Pennsylvania." Judge Ridgely's third wife was Mary Middleton Vining, widow of Captain Benjamin Vining, a lady who held a large estate. Her son. Judge John Vining, married Phoebe Wyncoop. Their son, John, was "the Patrick Henry of Delaware," of brilliant wit, lawyer, member of the first Continental Congress, and "the pet of Delaware." His sister, the beautiful Mary Vining, the admiration of General LaFayette, became the bethrothed wife of General Anthony Wayne, who died before the wedding day. Judge Ridgely's daughter, Elizabeth, became the second wife of Col. Thomas Dorsey, of Elk Ridge.

Dr. Charles Ridgely, of Judge Nicholas and Mary, was born in 1738. He became an eminent physician, residing at "Eden Hill," but later in the house upon "The Green," purchased by Judge Ridgely, in Dover. His son, Nicholas, by his first wife, Mary Wyncoop, was