ISSN 0155-4131
QUEENSLAND HERBARIUM DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES BRISBANE
AUSTROBAILEYA
VOLUME 1 NUMBER 3 1979.
QUEENSLAND HERBARIUM DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES BRISBANE
AUSTROBAILEYA
i
VOLUME 1 NUMBER 3
1979 '72869—S. R. HAMPSON, Government Printer, Queensland
BHL >
Blank Page Digitally Inserted
CONTENTS
Page A revision of Acacia Mill. in Queensland (concluded). L. Pedley 235
Editor: L. Pedley
Date of Publication | “Austrobaileya” 1 (2) was published on 20 July 1978
Austrobaileya 1 (3): 235-337 (1979)
A REVISION OF ACACIA MILL. IN QUEENSLAND
By L. Pedley,
Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane
Table of Contents
Part 1*
Summary 7 , i: ~ -: v4 £4 bj ree EE Classification rs Ens - on Ai 4 ~ wt 77 Some characters and their usefulness in taxonomy .. . + 2 “ 84 Delimitation of species Hy oe A, na ta ie .. 94 Cytology a =, 1 - ~ 4 ¥ J ad 95 Ecology _ 7, id ve: * & iS se mr 96 Reproduction and dispersal 3 = of a; tA o7 99 Common names , me a by, ba et uh ~ puree Notes on the text .. — 7 - i t >, i» JOT Key to species te ¥, iw. hy nt si 3 .. 102 Description of species—
Subgenus Heterophyllum — .. my - en - ., T25
Juliflorae = - us 8 - a a pees 45)
Plurinerves ho - ~ by Dy. we. .. 187
Lycopodiifoliae ah 24 a b | hi seine te
Part 2
Phyllodineae x ‘) hy #3 Ss ant .. 237
Botrycephalae Pa ifs - acs ee “4 .. 297
Subgenus Acacia - ™ as e4 7 +4 .. 307
Subgenus Aculeiferum % as 3 we an .. 311 Acknowledgements .. Hh ea uy Ae i a. ii B12 Bibliography - -_ A vo A = hy. ws BAD Index of names > ey 5 4 a i, to os 63, Index of collectors .. ies = wi a4 Ms = .. 322 Appendix I. Names of some infrageneric taxa and their typification .. 331 Appendix 2. Colour of flowers of some species .. sai - .. 334 Corrections and Additions .. 7 i - Au > .. 336
*Published in Austrobaileya | (2).
PHYLLODINEAE DC.
Phyllodes flat with one prominent longitudinal nerve, occasionally with a second longitudinal nerve not reaching the tip, rarely quadrangular or subterete and obscurely nerved. Flowers in heads, either in the axils or in axillary racemes. Type species: Acacia penninervis Sieb. ex DC.
141. Acacia hubbardiana Pedley, Contrib. Qd Herb. 4:2 (1969). Based on A. plagiophylla F. Muell., J. Proc, Linn. Soc. Bot. 3:131 (1859) non Spreng. Type: Ad flumen Brisbane, Hill & Mueller (MEL, holo).
Open shrub with flexuose branches to 2 m; branchlets ribbed below insertion of phyllodes with moderately dense stiff hairs ca 0-1 mm long, or sparsely hispid, or glabrate; stipules none. Phyllodes coriaceous, glabrous, 4-5—9-5 mm long, (2:5—)3-6(—8) mm broad, 1-2-1-8 times as long as broad, with prominent midrib and marginal nerves, the lower margin straight or very slightly curved, produced into a point about 1mm long, the upper margin + parallel to the branchlet then abruptly curved through more than 90° and then = straight to meet the lower margin at the apex of the phyllode with a prominent though small gland at the abrupt bend, or curved gently with the widest part of the phyllode below its middle with the gland below the widest point or at first sub- parallel to the branchlet then with about a 90° turn (with a gland) to be -& parallel to the lower margin and then abrubtly curved to the apex, the midrib is gently curved and runs into the upper margin (sometimes at an indentation) about 1mm from the apex. Heads pale, 15—20-flowered, either pedunculate in the upper axils of somewhat reduced leaves towards the end of the branches or in the axils of even more reduced leaves on short lateral branches or in up to 13 heads on leafless lateral racemes; peduncles or branches of raceme 5~12 mm long, sparsely pubescent or glabrate. Flowers 5—merous; calyx broad obconic 0-8—1 mm long pubescent or pubescent only in upper half or fimbriate with broad triangular lobes 0:25 mm long; corolla lobes free, glabrous, obovate or elliptic 1:8—-2 mm long; stamens 4—5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods stipitate, glabrous, glaucous, narrowly oblong (rather like those of A. conferta) to about 4:5 cm long, 12-15 mm broad. Seeds transverse, ca 4-5 mm long and 2:5 mm wide.
Wipe Bay Disrricr: between Howard and Traverston, Oct 1929, White 6354; Tewantin, Aug 1947, Michael 3014. MoreTon Districr: between Beerwah and Landsborough, Jun 1930, Hubbard 3100; Ngun Negun, Jul 1930, Hubbard 3360.
This species is confined to the coastal fringe of Quensland between Bundaberg and Brisbane at low altitudes on often poorly drained sand in open forest of eucalypts or Melaleuca quinquenervia or in heath, or on rocky slopes above about 150 m altitude on peaks of the Glasshouse Mtns. The mountain plants have + oblong phyllodes abruptly narrowed into short points. They can be consistently distinguished in the herbarium but are not considered worthy of a formal name.
Specimens referred by Mueller to this species were cited by Bentham (FI. Aust, 2:356.1865) under A. undulifolia G. Don var. humilis Benth. Bentham also referred a specimen of Fraser from the interior of New South Wales to this taxon. It however is a variant of A. uncinata.
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142. Acacia saxicola Pedley, Contrib. Qd Herb. 4:4 (1969). Type: Queensland: Moreton District: Mt Maroon, altitude ca 870 m, Jun 1966, Pedley 2140 (BRI, holo).
Exceedly branched shrub to 1-5m high; branches terete sparsely strigose becoming glabrous; stipules persistent, setaceous, 2-3 mm long. Phyllodes glab- rous, punctulate, = sessile, flat, = narrowly triangular, gradually narrowed into a reddish spine ca 1-5 mm long, prominently uninerved with the nerve similar to the marginal nerves, 7:5-14 mm long, 1-7-3 mm wide, 2:7-6-:7 times as long as wide, an inconspicuous gland on the dorsal margin of the broadest part of the phyllode and little above the base. Heads 40--50-—flowered on axillary glabrous peduncles as long as the phyllodes. Flowers 5—merous; bracteoles stipitate with stipe 1-1-2 mm long, lamina fimbriate 0-8 mm in diameter and an oblique mucro 0-6mm long exserted in the bud; calyx of free narrowly spathulate sepals 1-2-1-4mm, pubescent in the upper third, with long sparse hairs towards the base; lobes of the corolla 2mm long + free ovate glabrous; stamens 4 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod glabrous. Seeds longitudinally arranged in the pod, depressed- globular, 4mm long, 3-2 mm wide, with a filiform funicle.
MoreETon Disrrict: Mt Maroon, Jan 1962, Everist 7040.
A. saxicola is known only from Mt Maroon (altitude ca 900 m) where it is a major constituent of heath (-: eucalypts) on the summit of the mountain. It is allied to the widespread A. uflicifolia but is distinguished from that species by its ‘habit of growth, its broader phyllodes and its bracteoles which project beyond the flowers before they open.
143. Acacia brachycarpa Pedley, Contrib. Qd Herb. 4:5 (1969). Type: Queens- land: Leichhardt District: 21 miles SE of ‘Bedourie’, Oct. 1963, Speck 1852 (BRI, holo).
Much branched shrub to 2m tall; branchlets covered with an. indumentum of white rigid hairs 0-1-0:-4mm long; stipules linear acute, brown scarious, 0:7-1 mm long. Phyllodes straight, rigid, sharp-pointed, punctulate, 9-15 mm long, 0-8—1-1mm wide, strongly uninerved on both sides, gland 1-5-2-5 mm above the base. Heads 10-18 —flowered on axillary glabrous peduncles 1-3~2 mm long (3-4 mm long in fruit). Flowers 5~merous; bracteole peltate with slender glabrous stipe 0-3-0-4 mm long and obliquely acuminate lamina ca 0-5—0-7 mm long, 0:3—0-4 mm wide, pubescent in upper half or ciliate; petals + free, glabrous, acute, 1-1—-1-3 mm long, 0:2-0-3 mm _ wide; stamens 2-5 mm long: ovary glabrous. Pod oblong, 6-20 mm long, 3 mm wide. Seeds longitudinally arranged in pod, oblong 3:5 mm long and 2 mm wide; funicle filiform, not folded.
LEICHHARDT Districr: Blackdown Tableland (149°E, 24°S), Sep 1959, Johnson 1135A, Moreton District: 12. miles [19 km] N of Helidon Jul 1966, Ward,
A. brachycarpa occurs sporadically in south-eastern Quensland usually on sandstone. Its range is generally more inland than that of A. ulicifolia with which, however it sometimes occurs, for example at Crow’s Nest and on the Blackdown Tableland. It flowers later in the year than A. ulicifolia, has deeper ueHey flowers, and its pods and peduncles are always much shorter.
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144, Acacia ulicifolia (Salisb.) Court, Vict. Nat. 73:173 (1957); Pedley, Contrib. Qd Herb. 4:5 (1969). Based on Mimosa ulicifolia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 324 (1796). Type: Port Jackson, Burton (not seen).
Acacia juniperina (Vent.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4:1049 (1806). Based on Mimosa juniperina Vent., Jard. Malm. 2:t. 64 (1804).
Phyllodoce juniperina (Vent.) Link nom. illeg. non Phyllodoce Salisb. (1806). Based on M. juniperina Vent.
Misapplied name: A. echinula auct. non DC.; Pedley, Contrib. Qd Herb. 4:4 (1969).
A shrub to 2m tall, but occasionally decumbent and not more than 0-4 m tall; branchlets terete with an indumentum of sparse to moderately dense, rather stiff, erect hairs up to 0-2 mm long; stipules setaceous + persistent, glabrous or with a few hairs at the base, 0-5-1-7mm long. Phyllodes sessile, glabrous, acicular, pungent-pointed, vertically flattened with a prominent nerve on each side, at least when dry, (6-)7:5-14mm long, 0:6—-1-3(-1-6) mm_ broad, broadest at, or a little above, the base, the point 0:6-1:2 mm long, a gland on the dorsal surface up to 3mm from the base. Heads (15—)20-—30—flowered, on axillary, glabrous peduncles (5—)8—15 mm long, bracteoles occasionally projecting beyond unopened flower. Flowers 5—merous; calyx lobes oblong or spathulate, acute or slightly acuminate, united for up to one-third of their length, somewhat thickened above, with long white hairs on the back in the midline and at the broad apex 1:2~1-7mm long, 0:2-0-4mm wide, corolla less than twice as long as the calyx, glabrous, the lobes obovate acute, 1:6—2-2 mm long; stamens ca 4mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods linear up to 6cm long, 5 mm broad, the valves rugose with thick smooth nerve-like margins raised over the seeds. Seeds longitudinal, rectangular 4-5—5 mm long, 2-5-3 mm broad; areole prominent, oblong, almost closed; funicle filiform and not folded.
144a. A, ulicifolia var. ulicifolia
Upright shrub, usually 1-2 m tall, with pale yellow flowers; branchlets with moderately dense hairs up to 0:2 mm long; phyllodes often less than 1 cm long.
NortH KENNEDY District: F.R. 438 Tumoulin near Ravenshoe, Mar 1961, Dansie 2632. . LEICHHARDT District: Blackdown Tableland, 12 miles SSE Bluff, Sep 1959, Johnson 1118. Porr Curtis District: Kroombit Tops, 24°2C’S 151°E, Jun 1975, W.J.F. McDonald 1973. DarLING Downs District: 8 miles [13 km] E of Wyberba, Oct 1958, Ped/ey 315. BURNETT District: Mt Perry, Keys. Wipe Bay Disrricr: Fraser I., Oct 1930, Hubbard 4512. Moreton Disrricr: between Coopers Plains and Sunnybank, Jun 1930, Hubbard 3050.
I1d4b. A. ulicifolia var. brownei (Poir.) Pedley, comb. nov. Based’ on Mimosa brownei Poir., Encyl. Meth. Bot. Suppl. 5:530 (1817), a new name for A. acicularis R. Br. in Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed 2. 5:460 (1813) non Willd. (1806). Type: New South Wales, Patterson (not seen),
A. juniperina (Vent.) Willd. var. brownei (Poir.) Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:332 (1864). Based on M. brownei Poir.
A. brownei Steud. ex DC., Prodr. 2: 449 (1825); Lodd,, Bot. Cab. 14; t.1333 (1828). Based on (?) M. brownei Poir. ©.
A. pugioniformis H. Wendl., Flora (1819) 139 (1819) non A, pugioni- formis H. Wendl, (1820). “Based. on A. acicularis R. Br.
A. arceuthos Spreng., Syst. 3.134 (1826). ype: Sieber 463. (BM, G,. _K, isO). E
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Decumbent shrub up to 0:°4m tall with yellow flowers; branchlets with sparse indumentum of stiff hairs ca 0:5mm long; phyllodes often widely spaced on branchlets, up to 15 mm long.
DARLING Downs Districr: 11km from Burra Burri on Jandowae road, Aug 1972, Stevenson.
A, ulicifolia is common on sand in heath or eucalypt open-forest in coastal areas south from Fraser I. and in the Stanthorpe area, and on shallow rocky soils on some mountains such as Mt Edwards and Mt Brisbane, but not on the peaks along the New South Wales border or on the Glasshouse Mountains. It is also found on the Blackdown Tableland and Kroombit Tops (SSW of Gladstone), and at Ravenshoe, 800km to the north.
Court considered A. brownei (‘brown’) and A. ulicifolia as distinct species and discussed the differences between them. After examining numerous specimens from eastern Australia I have accepted them, somewhat reluctantly, as being only varietally distinct. A. wlicifolia var. brownei is often a distinctive plant with a more prostrate habit, deeper yellow flowers, less pubescent stems, scattered, narrow and slightly longer phyllodes than A. wlicifolia var. ulicifolia but the two are not sharply delimited and herbarium specimens cannot always be identified with certainty. Other variants of A. ulicifolia, particularly a subglabrous one from Tasmania, and one with extremely slender phyllodes from north-eastern New South Wales, are probably equally distinct.
There are some difficulties associated with the name A. brownei. In his description of A. brownei de Candolle cited A. acicularis R. Br. but not M. brownei Poir. He would have been aware of Poiret’s name and it is reasonable to regard A. brownei DC. as being based M. brownei Poir. The use of the specific epithet ‘brownei’, rather than ‘brownii’ may indicate some association between the names. In the Encyclopedie Methodique Mimosa brownei is listed under the heading ‘Acacie’ which is not a generic name but a common name to which Mimosa, Acacia and Inga were referred. There is no doubt that the name for Acacia acicularis R. Br. published by Poiret was Mimosa brownei not A. browne.
If one does not accept that A. brownei DC. was based on Mimosa brownei Poir. then the correct name for the species is probably A. pugioniformis H. Wendl. The earliest legitimate name is Mimosa brownei, but if the transfer to Acacia was not made by de Candolle, then any subsequent transfer of Poiret’s epithet ‘brownel’ to Acacia is barred by the homonym Acacia brownei DC. I have not seen either a description or type material of Acacia pugioniformis which was referred to A. brownei by Bentham and Court (with some doubt), and without comment by Domin and by Maiden and Betche. Because the later Acacia pugioniformis H. Wendl. was widely accepted until quite recently for the species now correctly known as A. quadrilateralis, the adoption of the name A. pugioni- formis for A. brownei (= A. ulicifolia var. brownei) would be the source of considerable confusion. The name A. pugioniformis H. Wendl. should therefore be rejected under Article 69 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The next available name would then be A. brownei Steud. ex DC., and current usage would be preserved by its acceptance.
If the taxon represented by A. acicularis R. Br., M. brownei Poir., A. pugioniformis H. Wendl. (1819) and A. brownei Steud. ex DC. is considered to be a variety of A. wlicifolia then the epithet ‘brownei’ must be used as it was first used at this rank by Bentham.
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There is some doubt about the correct spelling of ‘brownei’. Despite the lack of evidence of a connexion between Mimosa brownei and Acacia brownei both were explicitly based on A. acicularis R. Br. It is generally assumed that they commemorate Robert Brown, the spelling adopted by Poiret, de Candolle and Bentham was therefore wrong, and the use of ‘brownii? by Maiden and Betche, and Court is justified under Article 73 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, ‘brownei’ being an orthographic error. Neither Poiret nor de Candolle stated that they were naming their species for Robert Brown and the change from ‘brownei’ to ‘brownii’ is not warranted unless there is some evidence rather than an assumption, that the species was named for Brown.
Article 73 should be applied cautiously. The name used by the publishing author should be adopted unless there is considerable evidence to show that he had made a mistake.
145. Acacia gunnii Benth., London J. Bot. 1:332 (1842), Fi. Aust. 2:350 (1864) pro syn.; F, Muell., J. Proc, Linn. Soc. Bot. 3:119 (1859). Type: Tasmania, Gunn 423, ex herb. Bentham (K, lectotypus novus).
A. vomeriformis Benth., London J. Bot. 1:332 (1842), Fl. Aust. 2:350 (1864). Type: banks of the Macquarie River, Fraser (K, holo).
Spreading shrub less than 1 m tall; branchlets terete, scurfy, hispid with erect hairs ca 0:1 mm long (or glabrous); stipules linear acute ca 1 mm long, persistent. Phyllodes sessile, triangular, the lower margin straight produced into a point, sometimes oblique, (sometimes long), the upper margin bent below the middle with a small gland at the angle (sometimes the angle conspicuously protruding), the prominent midrib nearer the lower margin; pustulate, hispid, 4-6-5 mm long, 2—2:5mm broad, 2—3 times as long as broad (often larger). Flowers in heads of about 25 on hispid peduncles ca 1 cm long, bracteoles about as long as the buds, 1:5 mm long with stipe 0-5 mm long, a peltate lamina pubescent on the margin 0-5 mm broad, produced into a subulate point 0-7 mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx broadly obconic, 1mm long with broad sinuses and broad deltoid lobes 0-4 mm long, the whole sparsely pubescent in the upper half; corolla 1-5 mm long at length lobed to the base; stamens ca 3 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod not seen from Queensland, flat glabrous ca 4mm broad contracted between seeds; seeds nearly orbicular with a short filiform funicle.
DarRLING Downs Disrricr: Amiens near Stanthorpe, Aug 1967, Harslett in Ward 389.
I have seen only one collection of this species from Queensland. It ranges through south-eastern Australia to South Australia and to Tasmania.
Although the name A. vomeriformis has been generally used for the species since Bentham (1864), A. vomeriformis was first placed under A. gunnii by Mueller and he must be followed. There are several sheets of Gunn 423 at Kew. I have chosen the only one from Bentham’s herbarium as lectotype.
146. Acacia alleniana Maiden in Ewart & Davies, Fl. North. Terr. 330 (1917).
Type: Sandstone Ranges near Western Creek, Feb 1912, Hill 776 (BM, K, iso).
A. tenuissima F. Muell., J. Proc. Linn, Soc. Bot, 3:122 (1859), pro syn. non F. Muell. loc. cit. Type: Gulf of Carpentaria, Mueller 5 (K, iso).
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Erect shrub up to 4 m-tall; branchlets slightly angular, red-brown, glabrous; ‘stipules deltoid, persistent ca 0:4 mm, long. Phyllodes filiform, linear, slender, punctulate, probably -& terete wher fresh,,.almost quadrangular when dry, with an impressed nerve on opposite faces, 12—20-cm long, 0-6-0-8 mm broad, with a straight or slightly hooked point; obscure-gland on dorsal surface 5-15 mm from the base; pulvinus [—2.mm long. Flowers 4-5—merous in heads on glabrous, reddish peduncles up to I-cm long in groups of 2—6 in the axils; branchlets clawed projecting beyond the buds, the claw 0:8 mm long, the lamina 0-5 at a slight angle to the claw, with a few long hairs on the margin; calyx divided to the base, the lobes ciliate in the upper half 1-1-2 mm long, 0-15 mm broad; corolla glabrous 1-3—1:7 mm long, the lobes ca 0-7 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods linear, promin- ently domed above the seeds and slightly contracted between them, up to 8 cm long, 3:5 mm broad; seeds longitudinal, about as thick as broad, 4mm long, 2-2-5 mm broad, the funicle not folded and hardly at all thickened; areole small, oblong, almost closed.
Burke District: “Westmoreland”, Jun 1963, Gittins 828.
In Queensland the species has been collected only on “Westmoreland” in extreme north-west of the State but it is fairly common in adjacent parts of the Northern Territory on rugged sandstone hills. At Kew there is a specimen labelled “East Coast, R. Brown ‘4043’ ”, a possible duplicate of which at BRI was referred to by Maiden. The specimen is almost certainly wrongly labelled and should be Brown ‘4303’ from Groote Eylandt, the original specimen being at BM.
147, Acacia ‘peuce F, Muell., Fragm. 3:151 (1863); J. M. Black, Trans. Roy. Soc. South Aust. 53:262 (1929). Type: In tractu steriliore trans rivum Wills Creek, lat. 25°30’, Howitt & Murray (MEL, holo).
A tree to about 15 m tall with a rather narrow dense dull-green crown, usually with short horizontal branches and pendulous phyllodes; bark rough, dark grey, fissured; wood extremely hard; branchlets glabrous, obscurely ribbed. Phyllodes articulate on the branchlets, tetragonous, occasionally somewhat flattened, up to 40cm but usually 8-12 cm long, about 1mm wide, glabrous. Heads on axillary peduncles 12—15 mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx scarcely 1 mm long, divided almost to the base, the lobes linear-lanceolate, ciliate; petals glabrous, 2-5 mm long, acuminate, united near the base; ovary glabrous. Pods flat, subglaucous, up to 18cm long and 4cm wide, shortly stipitate, transversely reticulately veined, margins somewhat thickened. Seeds flat, almost circular, ca 1cm diam.; areole small, central, open; funicle slender, hardly at all thickened.
Grecory Nortu District: “Montague Downs”, Boulia, Nov 1950, Miehan, GrRecory SoutH Districr: 6 miles [10 km] N of Birdsville, Jan 1937, Everist & Smith 97.
Acacia peuce (waddy or waddy-wood) has an unusually fragmented range around the southern and eastern part of the Simpson Desert. In Queensland it occurs a little north of Birdsville and south of Boulia. Despite its restricted range it is common where it does occur and in the past was used to some extent as fence posts. The extreme hardness of the wood makes it difficult to handle with power saws and utilisation has declined. There is, however, a need for the species to be protected from further exploitation,
Bentham’s placing of A. peuce in the series Continuae was wrong; the phyllodes are distinctly articulate on the branchlets.
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148. Acacia quadrilateralis DC., Prod. 2:451 (1825), ‘Type: eee “holo; K, BM,’L, iso). " ce
ek, sheeerem ut H. Wendl., Comm. Acac. 38. t. 9 (1820) non H. Wendl. (1819) quae est A. ulicifolia ae Type: (GOET, holo, not seen;
DMT ot Te, ed oe es DINE, puvo LEI api).
A little branched shrub to about 2m ‘tall: branchlets snbaiaee reddish brown but soon becoming grey due to the formation of dead translucent epidermal layer; stipules persistent, triangular, 0-6+1-2 mm long, occasionally setaceous. _Phyllodes (sometimes grouped on short lateral branches), filiform, quadrangular (at least when dry), minutely papillose on the angles, 0-5— imm broad, (0-8—)2-6(—8) cm long, abruptly or gradually contracted into a point, pulvinus 0-6-1 mm long. Flowers ‘5—merous in heads of 15-30 on glabrous peduncles 6- 10 mm’ long; bracteoles peltate; calyx 0-8-1-1mm varying considerably in degree of lobing, from divided to the based with keeled lobed + clawed, the claws'0-3 mm long, the lamina longer, ovate acuminate with long (O:1 mm) ‘white hairs in its lower half to divided only to the middle with =: ovate fimbriate lobes with some long white hairs at their bases; corolla with + free, glabrous, uninerved petals 1:4—1-8 mm long; stamens 2:5-3:5mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods flat, moniliform, the valves somewhat rugose, 4-9 cm long, 3-4 mm broad; seeds, longitudinal with an
unfolded not thickened funicle, ca 5 mm long; areole small, oblong, almost closed,
Wipe Bay District: Fraser I., Oct 1930, Hubbard 4573. MorrTon District: Sunnybank, Jul 1930, Hubbard 3578; 6 miles [10 km] N of Helidon, Sep 1963, Pedley 103.
Acacia quadrilateralis occurs on sand in coastal areas south of Bundaberg and on sandstone at Helidon and Crows Nest. It flowers in July and August.
A. pugioniformis H. Wendl. (1820) is different from A. pugioniformis H. Wendl. (1819). The name is therefore a later homonym and illegitimate.
149, Acacia gittinsii Pedley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Od 75:30 (1964). T ype: Leichhardt District: Blacktown Tableland, Aug 1961, Gittins 388 (BRI, holo),
Misapplied name: A. linifolia auct. non Willd; C. T. White, Proc. Roy. Soc. 50:73 (1939), quoad specimen Queenslandicum.
Shrub to ca 2m tall, branchlets pilose with white hairs. Phyllodes crowded, glabrous or sometimes with a few long hairs, flat, linear with a small mucro, sometimes oblique, 10-12 mm long, 0:6-—1-2 mm broad, 13-35 times as long as broad, obscurely longitudinally wrinkled or (especially on phyllodes of very young. plants) an obscure longitudinal nerve nearer to the upper margin which is also sometimes prominent; pulvinus ca 0-5 mm long. Heads of ca 20 flowers on peduncles ca 5 mm long, arranged in 10—15-branched slightly pilose axillary racemes, the rachis up to 5 cm long, rarely single in the axils. Flowers 5—merous; calyx with short obtuse lobes, 0-7-0:8 mm long with a few long hairs; corolla 1:4-1:6mm long, glabrous, lobed almost to the base; stamens ca 2:5 mm long; ovary glabrous or slightly pubescent. Pods seen only when very immature but linear and -: glabrous, probably with longitudinal seeds.
LEICHHARDT pwtwers Blackdown Tableland, Apr 1971, Henderson et al. 836.
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The species is restricted to the Blackdown Tableland (approximately 23°50’S 149°00’E) where it is common in places in the wetter areas. It flowers in July and August and pods have been collected in October. The specimen from Planet Creek (Story & Yapp 299) cited in the protologue is not A. gifttinsii but A. johnsonii.
The relationships of A. gittinsii are obscure. A single longitudinal nerve which is sometimes visible suggests that it belongs to the Phyllodineae, close to A. linifolia to which a collection was referred by White. It retains its juvenile bipinnate leaves for some time (more than thirty leaves are formed). This emphasises its affinity with A. ruppii.
150. Acacia ruppii Maiden & Betche, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 37:244 (1912); Tindale, Telopea 1:70 (1975). Lectotype (chosen by Tindale): Copman- hurst, Coaldale Road, Aug 1909, Rupp NSW 107537 (NSW, not seen). Lectoparatype: Copmanhurst, Oct 1911, Rupp (BM, K, MEL, iso).
A. torringtonensis Tindale, Telopea 1:68 (1975). Type: New South Wales: Torrington, 29°14’S, 151°42’E, Sep 1973, Coveny 5200 (NSW, holo).
Shrub to ca 1 m tall; branchlets ribbed, tomentose between the ribs (hairs ca 1mm long, slightly retrorse). Phyllodes =: straight, apiculate, broadest slightly above the middle, 8—20(-25) mm long, 0-9-1-5 mm broad, glabrous or with a few long hairs on margins, at base obscurely wrinkled or with one longitudinal nerve faintly visible, spirally arranged and sometimes crowded, stipules ca 0:5 mm long sometimes persistent; gland small, on dorsal margin 3-7 mm from base or absent; pulvinus 0:5-1:2mm long. Heads of 30-35 flowers on peduncles 4-8(-10) mm long in 2—3(—6) branched axillary racemes, the axis, peduncles and receptacle tomentose, the lower branches sometimes subtended by a reduced phyllode. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 1-1—1-3 mm long, lobed almost to the middle, the lobes pubescent; stamens ca 4mm long; ovary tomentose. Pods subglabrous to tomentose, flat, up to 4cm long, 5mm broad with longitudinal seeds. Seeds seen only when very young.
DarLING Downs Districr: 8 miles [13 km] E of Wyberba, Oct 1958, Pedley 307,
In Queensland Acacia ruppii is confined to a small area south-east of Stanthorpe where it occurs on sand derived from granite. It flowers in September and October. It has rather deep yellow flower heads and is cultivated to some extent. Maiden and Betche noted that the plant retained its leaves for a long period and lectoparatype material examined has both leaves and phyllodes.
A. ruppii has been studied in the field at Wyberba in Queensland and at Torrington and near Coaldale (north of Grafton) in New South Wales, the last being its type locality. As pointed out by Tindale, plants from the elevated granite areas of the Torrington and Wyberba areas have a higher proportion of heads on single axillary peduncles and more densely tomentose pods than do plants of the sandstone area north of Grafton. The range of phyllode size is about the same for bot: populations. The differences do not justify the recognition of A. torringtonensis as a distinct species,
The closest relative of A. ruppii is A. conferta which has smaller flowers in heads on axillary peduncles and broader glaucous pods with transverse seeds.
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151. *Acacia johnsonii Pedley. Type: Darling Downs District: Chinchilla-Auburn Road, 28 miles [45 km] N of Chinchilla, Sep 1963, Johnson 2684 (BRI, holo)
A shrub to 3m with dark grey bark becoming rough; branchlets viscid somewhat ribbed with an indumentum of moderately dense + erect white hairs ca 0:2 mm long; stipules acute 0:'5-1 mm long. Phyllodes glabrous or with a few long hairs at the base, sometimes with scattered tubercles, vertically flattened with 1, 2 (or rarely 3) obscure raised nerves on each face, not definite translucent nerves as in A, wilhelmiana, linear, 1-2-5 cm long, 1-1:4(-2) mm wide, with an apical mucro oblique or at right angles to the lamina; pulvinus 0-4—0-8 mm long. Heads of 20-30 flowers on axillary glabrous or pubescent peduncles 4-8 mm long; bracteoles spathulate, glabrous or with a few hairs. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0-6-0-8 mm long with acute lobes 0-2—0:3 mm long, glabrous, corolla glabrous 1:4-1:6mm long with acute lobes 0-6-0-8 mm long, about twice as long as the calyx; stamens ca 3mm long; ovary minutely papillose, occasionally with a few long hairs at the apex. Pods flat, linear, tapered at each end, glabrous, slightly glutinous to 6 cm long, 2:5—3 mm wide; seeds longitudinal 2-5-3-5 mm long, 1-5-2 mm wide; areole oblong open; the funicle once folded with a short cupular aril.
Queensland, LEIcHHARDT Districr: Planet Creek, ca 30 miles [48 km] NE of Rolleston, Sep 1962, Story & Yapp 299. Dartinc Downs Districr: Barakula, Sep 1948, Blake 18201, N of Tara, 27°09’S 150°28’B, Aug 1975, Conveny 6801 & Hind (NSW., duplicati distribuendi A, CANB, K, NU, PERTH, TL US). New South Wales. WESTERN PLains: “Nulty Springs” Enngonia, Aug 1972, Cunningham 481 UNSW).
Acacia johnsonii is common in shrubby open-forest of Eucalyptus crebra on sandy soil north and north-west of Chinchilla. One specimen (Story & Yapp 299) which was originally wrongly referred to A. gittinsii, has been collected in the Leichhardt District, north-east of Rolleston. The main period of flowering is September and October and fruits mature in October and November.
A, johnsonii and A. burbidgeae which occasionally occur together are closely related, A. johnsonii has, on the whole, smaller flowers and shorter and broader phyllodes with rather obscure longitudinal folds, not a longitudinal grove.
* Acacia jolinsonii Pedley species nova affinis A. burbidgeae Pedley. floribus leviter parvioribus phyllodiis latioribus et plerumque brevioribus plerumque plicis duabus longitudinalibus non sulco praeditis differt. Typus: Jofinson 2684 (BRI, holotypus).
Frutex usque 3m altus; ramuli viscidi aliquantum costati indumento pilorum albium modice confertorum + erectorum circa 0°2 mm longorum verstiti; stipulae acutae 0-5-1 mm longae. Phyllodia glabra basi aliquot pilis longis interdum tuberculis dissitis ornata, verticale complanata 1, 2 (vel raro 3) nervis obscuris elevatis utrinque non nervis certis translucentibus ut in A. wilhelmiana gerentia linearia 1-2-5 cm longa, 1-1-4 mm lata mucrone apicali obliquu vel perpendiculari ad laminam instructa; pulvinus 0:4-0-8 mm longus. Capitula 20-30-florum in peduncilis 4-8 mm longis axillaribus glabris vel pubescentibus locata; bracteoli spathulati glabri vel aliquot pilis praediti. Flores 5-meri; calyx 0-6-0-8 mm longus lobis acutis 0-2-0°3 mm longis, glaber; corolla glabra 1-4~1-6 mm longa lobis acutis 0:6-0-8 mm Iongis, calyce fere bis longior; stamina circa 3mm longa; ovarium minute papillosum, aliquanto ad apicem aliquot pilis longus ornatum, Legumen planum lineare angustatum quodque extremum versus glabrum leviter glutinosum, usque 6¢cm longum, 2:5-3mm latum; semina longitudinalia
2°5-3-5mm longa i-5-2mm_ lata; areolus oblongus apertus; funiculus semel plicatus arillo brevi cupulari.
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152. Acacia brunioides A. Cunn. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2:404 (1832). Type: Rocky hills, south of Moreton Bay, in 1828, Cunningham (K, holo).
A shrub to ca 2m tall; branchlets glabrous or with rather sparse white retrorse hairs 0:2mm long; stipules 0-4-0-:6 mm long, marcescent. Phyllodes when fresh terete without any nerves discernable, obscurely longitudinally folded when dry, spirally arranged or in oblique verticels, glabrous or slightly pubescent when young, straight or decurved from the base with a short straight point, 2:5—-8(-11) mm long; obscure gland on dorsal surface at base; pulvinus 0:3- 0-6 mm long. Heads of 12—25 flowers on axillary peduncles about twice as long as the phyllodes. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0-8-1-1 mm long with a tube 0-5- 0-9 mm long and ciliate obtuse lobes; corolla with + free glabrous petals 1-6-2 mm long, 1:5—3 times as long as the calyx; stamens 3—4 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods sessile, up to 4cm long, 8-9 mm wide, flat glabrous. Seeds transverse or oblique, 3-5 mm long, 2mm wide; areole oblong open; aril basal.
152a. A. brunioides subsp. brunioides
Phyllodes 2-5—5(-6-5) mm long gradually narrowed to a point; flowers pale yellow or cream. Shrub, never forming thickets.
MoreETon Districr: Mt Barney, Mar 1962, Everist 7128; Flagstone Creek, Oct 1937, Michael 2720.
152b. *A. brunioides subsp. granitica Pedley. Type: Verdon (BRI, holo).
Phyllodes 5-8(—11) mm long contracted into a mucro; flowers golden yellow. Shrub forming thickets.
DarLING Downs Distrricr: Wyberba, Aug 1969, Verdon 235 (Canberra Botanic Gardens 033241).
The species has a narrow range in Queensland. A. brunioides subsp. brunioides is restricted to some mountain peaks in the southern part of the Moreton District, and A. brunioides subsp. granitica to the elevated area around Stanthorpe. A third subspecies, A. brunioides subsp. gordonii, not covered by the description given above, has been described from New South Wales. It has longer thicker phyllodes, larger heads on longer peduncles and is specifically distinct.
Acacia gordonii (Tindale) Pedley, stat. nov. Based on A. brunioides A. Cunn. ex G. Don subsp. gordonii Tindale, Contrib, N.S.W. Nat. Herb. 4:74 (1970). Type: 18 miles by road WNW of Windsor, N.S.W. Jul 1964, Constable 4932 AO BOTs : .
* 4 Bruvtoldes subsp. granitica, subspecies nova.
Phyllodia 5-8(-11) mm long m mucronem contracta; flores aurei. Frutex. dumenta. faciens. Typus: Verdon 235 (BRI, holo).
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153. Acacia conferta A. Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1:345 (1842). Type: Frequent in barren forests on the Cugeegong River and other tributary streams of the Macquarie River. Flowering in July 1827, Cunningham. No. 9 of Cunningham’s seed list for 1827 (K; BM, iso; lectotypus novus).
Shrub to 3 m; branchlets slender, ribbed by the somewhat decurrent bases of the pulvinuses, covered with moderately dense, occasionally sparse + erect hairs 0-2-0:3mm long; stipules rather thick, linear, 0-4-0-7 mm long. Phyllodes vertically. flattened, glabrous or with scattered spreading hairs particularly in lower half or in dorsal half, scattered or spirally arranged or in oblique whorls, straight or slightly curved, cither obliquely narrowly obovate or oblong and then obtuse mucronulate, or linear lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrow elliptic and then acute, without nerves when fresh but with one or occasionally more obscure longitudinal folds (ridges) when dry, 5—-10(-15) mm long, 1-1:6(—1:8) mm wide, 4-10(—13) times as long as wide; gland inconspicuous on dorsal edge up to 2mm from base; pulvinus transversely wrinkled, ca 0:5 mm long. Heads of 20-30(-35) flowers on peduncles 1:5—2-5 times as long as the phyllodes, with indumentum similar to that of the branchlets, at length glabrous; bracteoles capitate with slender stipe ovate, fimbriate lamina. Flowers 5—merous; calyx (0-8-)0-9-1(-1°'2) mm long, the tube 0:4mm long, lobes oblong obtuse fimbriate and with a few long dorsal hairs or almost glabrous; corolla ca 1:5-1-8 times as long as calyx, (1:3—)1-:5(—1-7) mm long, petals united to about the middle, at length free, ovate acute, glabrous; stamens 3—4mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod oblong, glabrous, glaucous, 6cm long, 15-20 mm wide on stipe 0-8 mm long. Seeds transverse black depressed oblong, 5-5:5 mm long, 2-5-3 mm broad, with an oblique cupular aril extending to about the middle of the proximal side of the seed, where it is narrowed into a filiform aril which is turned sharply back towards the margin of the seed.
NorTH KENNEDY District: Conway, E of Proserpine, Jul 1960, Jones. LEICHHARDT District: 11 miles [18km] SW of Moura, Oct 1963, Lazarides 6917. Porr Curtis District: Shoalwater Bay, Brown; Boyne I., Jul 1920, White. Maranoa Districr: “Claravale’’, 37 miles [60 km] N of Mitchell, May 1962, Johnson 2435. DarLinc Downs District: Kogan, Oct 1940, Sith 818; 10 miles [16 km] SSE of Inglewood, Feb 1963, Pedley 1222. BURNETT District: Murgon Road, Jun 1947, Michael 3012.
Acacia conferta is extremely common on sandy soil in eucalypt open-forest in the north-western part of the Darling Downs District but it extends north to the Tropic of Capricorn and in to coastal districts near Proserpine, Gladstone and Shoalwater Bay where it was collected by Robert Brown, Its main flowering period is from April to July.
In Flora Australiensis, Bentham placed A. conferta in his series Brunioideae but in the key placed it as well with members of the Uninerves (=Phyllodineae). It is more closely related to A. lineata than it is to the members of the Brunioideae with regularly whorled phyllodes such as A. baueri (i.e. Lycopodiifoliae).
A closely related undescribed species is.often confused with A. conferta. It has more densely pubescent branchlets, peduncles: and phyllodes, the indumentum persisting on old phyllodes Jarger flowers with stouter and less deeply lobed calyxes, and narrower pods. It is described here as new:—
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153A. *A. tindaleae Pedley. Type: Leichhardt District: 6 km + E of “Mantuan Downs”, 24°25’S 147°20’E, Aug. 1973, Pedley 4115 (BRI, iso).
Spreading densely leafy shrub to 2 m tall; branchlets ribbed villous; stipules triangular, ca 0-5 mm long, often hidden in hairs. Phyllodes crowded, sometimes subverticellate, == linear, broadest above the middle, straight or curved, with an apical mucro, 613mm x 1-1-6 mm, 5—10 times as long as wide, villous, less densely hairy when old, thick, midrib near dorsal margin often obscure; oland small basal, usually hidden in ‘hairs: pulvinus distinct 0-4-0:8mm long. Heads sometimes slightly elongate, of 25-35 flowers on single axillary peduncles 10-13 mm long, 1-2 deciduous bracts above the middle; bracteoles as long as or longer than the flower buds. Flowers 5~merous; calyx 1-1-2 mm long with obtuse glabrous or pubescent incurved lobes quarter as long as the tube; corolla glabrous, about twice as long as the calyx; stamens ca 3-5 mm long; ovary glabrous, Pods glabrous, glaucous, flat, convex over the seeds, 3-4(—7) cm long, 8-10 mm wide; seeds transverse, similar to those of A. conferta but smaller,
Queensland, LEICHHARDT District: 6 km + E of ‘‘Mantuan Downs”. 24°25’S 147°20’E, Sep 1978, Russell 78/102; Subtropical New Holland [Balmy Creek, 24°16’S 147°12’E], Aug 1846, Mitchell £263’ CK). MaARrANoa District: Subtropical New Holland [Maranoa River, 26°1S’S 147°55’E] Jun 1846, Afitehell ‘138’ QX), Moreton District: Kallangur near Brisbane, Pedley 2772 (cultivated). New South Wales. NortTH WESTERN PLains: Pilliga, Aug 1913, Boorman; Pilliga Scrub, Jun 1962, Cudmore; Pilliga State Forest, Nov 1963, Pedley 1618 (BRI, K); headwaters of Cubbo Creek, 16 miles [26km] NE of Kenebri, Nov 1954, Jolinson & Constable NSW 30386 (K). NorrH WESTERN Stopes: 58km S of Narrabri, 30°47’S_ 149°30°E, Jun 1970, Kleinschmidt; 48km from Coonabarabran on Narrabri Road,
Dec 1973, Streimann Canberra Bot. Gard. 054988 (K, BRI); between Nyngan & Narrabri, Oct 1974, Wright.
A. tindaleae is common on sandy soil usually with Callitris sohuntélinds in the Piliga Scrub area of New South Wales. At the time that the key to Queensland species was prepared it had not been identified from Queensland. Since then it has been found to occur in sandstone country in the upper parts of the Nogoa and Maranoa basins, but it is not common in Queensland. It is cultivated to a limited extent and, because of its compact habit of growth and large heads of deep yellow flowers, makes a better garden subject than A. conferta. It is distinguished from A. conferta by its more densely pubescent branchlets, peduncles and phyllodes (the indumentum persisting on old phyllodes) larger flowers with stouter and less deeply lobed calyxes and narrower pods. It flowers in August and September, markedly later than A. conferta.
The species is named in honour of Dr. Mary D. Tindale of the New South Wales National Herbarium who has done much to clarify the taxonomy of Acacia, particularly the taxonomy of section Botrycephalae.
*4, tindaleae Pedley, species nova affinis A. confertae A. Cunn. ex Benth. ramulis, pedunculis et phyllodiis magis dense pubescentibus, fioribus amplioribus, calycibus crassioribus, calycibus crassioribus minus profunde lobatis, et leguminibus angustioribus differt. Typus: Ped/ey 4115.
Frutex dense foliaceus effusus usque 2m altus; ramuli costati villosi; stipulae setaceae ca 0:5 mm longae in pilis saepe reconditae. Phyllodia conferta interdum subverticellata, rectave leviter curvata, + linearia supra medium latissima, mucrone apicali, 6-13 mm longa, 1-1:6 mm lata 5-10plo longiora quam lata, villosa, minor dense pubescentia ubi veta, crassa, costa prope marginem dorsalem saepe obsura praedita; glans parva basalis plerumque. in pilis recondita; pulvinus distinctus 0-4-0:8mm iongus. Capitula interdum leviter elongata 25-35flora in pedunculos singulos axillares portata; 1-2 bracteae deciduae supra medium pedunculi; bracteoli alabastri aequantes vel eis longiores. Flores 5-meri; calyx crassus 1-1-2 mm longus lobis obtusis glabris vel pubescentibus incurvis tubo 4plo brevioribus; corolla glabra calyce 2plo longior; stamina ca 3:5 mm longa; ovarium glabrum. Legumina glabra glauca plana supra semina convexa, 3-4(—7) cm longa, 8-l0mm lata; semina transversa, similis illorum A. confertae sed pavioria.
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154. *Acacia islana Pedley. Type: Leichhardt District: Isla Gorge, 25°10'S 149°56’E, Aug 1973, Sharpe & Hockings 624 (BRI, holo).
Spindly shrub to 4m tall, all parts of plant glabrous; branchlets resinous with somewhat tuberculate ribs; stipules linear ca 0-7 mm long. Phyllodes filiform, somewhat incurved thick, 16-22 mm long, 0:3-0-4 mm wide, obscurely uninerved, obliquely mucronate, abruptly contracted into a pulvinus ca 0:2 mm long; gland inconspicuous. Heads of ca 20 flowers on paired axillary peduncles 7-8mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0:9-l1 mm long with acute lobes 0-2—0-3 mm long; corolla 1-8-2 mm long, twice as long as the calyx. Stamens ca 3-5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod unknown.
LetcHHARDT District; Isla Gorge, Sep 1968, Evertst 8078 (BRI, NSW).
A. islana is confined to sandstone in the Isla Gorge area. It is found on shallow soils in eucalypt woodland sometimes with A. hockingsii, another species confined to the area. It flowers in August and September.
155. **Acacia burbidgeae Pedley. Type: Maranoa District: {5 miles [24 km] W of St George Jun 1965, Burbidge 5478 (BRI, holo).
A shrub to ca 2m tall; branchlets ribbed, slightly glutinous, glabrous or with a few sparse white hairs; stipules linear acute, deciduous. Phyllodes subterete, slightly flattened when dry with a longitudinal groove on each face, slightly outcurved at the top with a slightly oblique mucro, glabrous with an occasionally tubercle, sometimes in whorls of 4, 1:5--3-5 cm long, 0-6—-0-:8 mm wide; sometimes with an extremely small basal gland. Heads of 25-30 flowers on glabrous peduncles 6-9 mm long; bracteole spathulate, acute, bent in upper half. Flowers 5—merous; calyx membranous glabrous 0-8—l mm long with-& acute papillose or ciliate lobes 0-3(-0-4) mm long; corolla (1-5—)1-7—I-9 mm long, lobed to the middle, about twice as long as the calyx; stamens 3—3-5 mm
* A, islana Pedley, species nova affinis A. burbidgeae Pedley et A. johnsonii Pedley sed ambobus phyllodiis gracilioribus differt. Typus: Sharpe & Hockings 624 (BRI, holotypus).
Frutex usque 4 m altus, in omnibus partibus glaber; ramuli resinosi costis aliquantium tuber- culatis; stipulae lineares circa 0:7mm longae. Phyllodia filiformia aliquantum incurvata crassa 18-22 mm longa, ca 0-3-0-4 mm lata nonnihil uninervia oblique mucronata in pulvinum circa 0-2 mm longum abrupte contracta; glans paryus. Capitula circa 20-flora in pedunclis axillaribus binatis 7-8 mm Jongis disposita. Flores 5—~meri; calyx 0-9-1 mm longus lobis acutis 0-2-0-3mm lIongis praeditus. Corolla 1-8-2mm longa quam calyx bis longiora; stamina circa 3-5 mm longa; ovarium glabrum. Fructus ignotus.
**Acacia burbidgeae species nova affinis A. pilligaensis Maiden phyllodiis tenuioribus differt. Typus: Burbidge 5478 (BRI, holo).
Frutex usaue ad ca 2m altus; ramuli costati leviter glutinosi glabri vel aliquot pilis albis dispersis ornati; stipulae lineares acufae caducae. Phyllodia subteretia ubi sicca leviter complanata sulco lJongitudinali utrinque gerentia, apice leviter abaxiale curvata mucrone paullo obliquo, glabra vel sparsim tuberculata, interdum in verticillo 4-foliato disposita, 1-5-3-5cem longa, 0:6-0-8mm lata, interdum glandula parva basili praedita. Capitula 25-30-florum in pedunculis glabris 6-9 mm longis locata; bracteolus spathulatus acutus in dimidio superno flexus. Flores 5—meri; calyx membranaceus glaber 0°8—-lmm longus in lobos -+ acutos papillosos ciliatosve 0:3(-0-:4) mm longos fissus; corolla (1-5-)1:7-1-9 mm longa, ad medium lobata calyce fere bis longior; stamina 3-3:5 longa; ovarium glabrum vel in dimidio superno furfuraceum. Legumen glabrum lIeviter glutinosum usque ad 6:‘5cm longum ca 3-5mm latum marginibus prominentibus incrassatis, convexum supra semina et paullo constrictum inter ea; semina longitudinalia, 4-4-5mm longa, ca 2:5 mm
lata; areolus grossus apertus prominens; funiculus semel plicatus ct in arillo cupulato incrassatus.
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long; ovary glabrous or scurfy in the upper half. Pod glabrous, slightly glutinose, up to 6-5 cm long, ca 3:5 mm wide with prominent thickened margins, raised over the seeds and slightly constricted between them; seeds longitudinal, 4—4-5 mm long, ca 2:5 mm -wide, areole large open prominent; funicle once folded and thickened into cupular aril. |
- Warreco Districr: “Gilruth Plains”, Jun 1967, Gittins 1217. Maranoa District: 18
miles [29 km] W of St George, May 1936, Everist & White 36, DARLING Downs DIsTRICT: ca 30km E of Condamine, Nov 1970, Pedley 3013, :
Acacia burbidgeae occurs in almost pure stands in rather open woodland of Eucalyptus melanophloia and Angophora melanoxylon on deep sands between St George and Cunnamulla. It also occurs with A. johnsonii, which it resembles, near Chinchilla. Flowering specimens have been collected from June to September and fruiting ones in November. .
156. Acacia paradoxa DC., Cat. Hort. Monsp. 74 (Mar 1813), Prod. 2:449 (1825); Ross, Bothalia 11:466 (1975). Type: not seen.
A, armata R.Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, 5:463 (Dec 1813). Type: Kangaroo Island, Brown (BM, holo; E, P, iso). | -
Phyllodoce armata Link, Handbuch 2:132 (1832) non Phyllodoce Salisb. (1806). Based on A. armata R.Br.
A. ornithophora Sweet, Fl. Aust. t. 24 (1827). Type: Vineyard, Australia, Hiigel (K, iso). ;
Shrub, 2-5m tall; branchlets ribbed, either with moderately dense = erect hairs or occasionally glabrous; stipules spinous, in pairs, spreading, ca 1 cm long, reddish. Phyllcdes oblong, tapering towards the apex, with prominent mid- ribs and margins, faintly penninerved, undulate, the midrib closer to the dorsal margin, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous or with a few hairs on margin or midrib, 1-2(-2:5) em long, (2—)3-5mm broad, 3—6(-—12) times as long as broad; pulvinus short. Flowers in heads of 30-40 on sparsely pubescent, glabrate or glabrous peduncles ca 1cm long, occasionally with a small caducous bract at the base; receptacle hairy between flowers; bracteoles ca 1:2 mm long with a thin + glabrous claw and an ovate acuminate lamina, fimbriate or sparsely pubescent, sometimes projecting beyond the buds. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 1-1-2 mm long with broad sinuses and oblong obtuse lobes -0-4—0-5 mm long, the tube glabrous, the lobes sparsely -hairy or fimbriate; petals glabrous, less than twice as long as the calyx, 1-7-1:8 mm long; stamens ca 3mm long; ovary hirsute. Pod linear on stipe ca 2mm long, sparsely to densely pubescent, the margins prominent, raised over the seeds, to about 5cm long, 3-:5~4 mm broad, seeds longitudinal, oblong 4-5 mm long, ca 2mm wide; areole prominent ca 4 times as long as wide; occupying three-quarter length; funicle twice folded into small aril.
DaRrLING Downs District: Passchendaele near Stanthorpe, Sep 1966, Ward 280. Moreton District: Crows Nest-Cooyar Road, Feb 1966, Ward'174.
Acacia paradoxa is a rare species in Queensland. In the 1930’s it was collected twice at altitudes above 600m in the south-eastern part of the state. The only recent collections come from the Crows Nest-Cooyar area and near Stanthorpe where A. paradoxa is adventive in an exotic pine plantation. Earlier collections from the Darling Downs were likely fo have come from cultivated plants. Flowers have been collected in September and October, and fruits in November and February. |
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_ The name Acacia armata has been-.widely used for this speties, but it is predated by de Candolle’s A, paradoxa.(see Stafleu: Taxonomic. Literature. Reg. Vege 52. 1967). De Candolle:described a plant, which had not flowered, growing at. Montpellier. I have not seen the type but the. description is clear enough,
There is-a specimen at-G-DC fabelled. “Nouvelle: Hollande, cote orient. Mus.’ de Paris 1821”. .
This and A. victoriae are the only species of subgenus Heterophyllum occurring in Queensland which have stipular spines. This does not indicate that the species are closely related; nor does it suggest any affinity with species of subg. Acacia where stipular spines are usually, Present,
157, Acacia tetragonophylla F. Muell., Fragm. 43 (1863): J “Linh, Soc. Bot. 3:121 (1859), pro syn. Syntypes: Coopers Creek, Murray (K, iso); Gaginga pear in 1860, Beckler (K, iso); Darling Diver, Goodwin & Dallachy (BM, K, iso).
A shrub to 3m; branchlets bisorons. Phyllodes, crowded on short lateral branches surrounded at the base by obtuse ciliate bracts ca 0-5 mm long, rarely widely spaced, especially on young shoots, linear subulate, slightly vertically flattened (at least when dry), (12—) 17-25 (40) mm long, with. nerve-like margins, the lower margin canaliculate and 2—nerved, with one (or rarely two) nerves on each face, glabrous, pungent pointed, the point ca 1mm long, Flowers in many- flowered (50 or more) heads, single on glabrous axillary peduncles 12—22 mm long; bracteoles peltate. Flowers S5-merous; calyx 0-9-1 mm long, the lobes united for about 3, at length almost free, linear, membranous at the base, slightly thickened at the top which is fimbriate with long white hairs; corolla glabrous ca 1:5 mm long, the tube 1:2 mm long; stamens 3—4 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod coiled somewhat woody (rather like that of A. oswaldii), the valves with thickened margins, ca 10cm long, 5mm broad, raised above and slightly contracted between the seeds. Seeds longitudinal, 5mm long, 3mm
wide, areole rather small open, about as long as broad the funicle thickened and passing around seed 14 times.
MiTcHELL Districr: 48 miles [77km] WSW of Yaraka, Aug 1963, Everist 7360. GREGORY SouTH Districr: 46 miles [74km] N of Birdsville, Jan 1937, Everist & Smith 99, WaRreGo Districr: Eulo, Apr 1941, White 11816.
This species is. often associated with communities in which mulga (Acacia aneura) predominates. It is restricted to the south-western subtropical part of the state where it occurs on soils of various textures, often stony. The main flowering period is June to September. Pods remain on the plant for a long time, often till the next flowering period, but seeds are shed earlier.
158. Acacia maitlandii F, Muell., Fragm. 3:46 (1862); Tindale, Contrib. N.S.W.
Nat. Herb. 4:143 (1970). Type: stony plains near Hammersley Range, _ Maitland Brown (MEL, holo; K, iso).
A, patens F. Muell., J. Proc, Linn. Soc. Bot. 3:120 (1859), pro syn.; Benth,
Fl. Aust. 2:329 (1864), Syniype- Sturts Creek, in 1856, Mueller 4 (K, iso).
A shrub to 3 m tall; branchlets sebsone viscid, terete, at length lenticellular; stipules linear up to 1:5 mm long, often obscured by the exudation. Phyllodes linear’ lanceolate, flat, with prominent midrib and nerve-like margins, glabrous, pungent pointed, 8-22 mm long, 1-3—3-3 mm wide, usually 6-8 times as long as wide; a prominent gland on dorsal gland a little below the middle. Heads (deep yellow) of 35-60 flowers on glabrous axillary peduncles 1—2 cm long;
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bracteoles peltate. Flowers 5(—6)—merous; calyx lobes free, narrowly spathulate, thickened and slightly concave at the top ca 1:2 mm long, 0:2—0:3 mm wide ciliate in the upper half; corolla lobes free, oblanceolate obtuse, 1:2—-1-8 mm long; stamens 2~3 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pot stipitate, linear 4 cm long, 4mm wide with glabrous membranous valves; raised over the seeds. Seeds transverse, ellipsoidal, ca 4mm long, 3:2 mm wide; areole small, open, as long as wide; funicle hardly thickened or folded.
MITCHELL Districr: ca 55 miles [88km] W of Yaraka, Aug 1963, Everist 7382. Warreco District: Charleville, Oct 1945, Clemens (BRI, K). Maranoa Districr: “Boatman” Stn, Jul 1947 Everist 3069 (BRI, K).
In Queensland A. maitlandii occurs on deep sandy soil in open woodland of Eucalyptus melanophloia in the Bollon-Charleville area and is uncommon elsewhere. A specimen (Everist 7382) from west of Yaraka is about 200 km from the closest occurrence at Charleville and the only record from New South Wales is about 150km farther south. The species extends to the Northern Territory and Western Australia where it has usually broader phyliodes, some- times only 3 times as long as wide. Flowering occurs in August and pods mature in October-November.
A, resinistipulea and A. siculiformis, neither of which occurs in Queensland, are probably its nearest relatives.
159. Acacia flexifolia A. Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1:359 (1842); Court, Muelleria 1:114 (1959). Syntypes: between Lachlan and Macquarie Rivers, Jul a , Cunningham CK; BM, iso); Cugeegong River, Aug i & Cunningham (K; BM, iso).
An erect shrub to ca 1-5 m; branchlets with prominent resinous yellowish ribs sometimes broken up into bead-like particles, white scurfy between them; stipules early deciduous, linear setaceous 0:4mm long. Phyllodes stiff + erect glabrous, linear, broadest a little below the top, abruptly contracted into a short point, tapered to the base, lower margin nervelike, midrib markedly raised, close to upper margin and = decurrent with it towards apex, upper margin not nervelike with a gland 1 or rarely 3mm from base where the margin or whole phyllode is bent toward the branchlet; 11-18 mm long, 0:9-1-7 mm broad, 9-15(—20) times as long as broad; pulvinus usually ca 0-3 mm long. Heads 4—6-flowered or scurfy peduncles 3-4 mm long in pairs in the axils, the buds often covered in white waxy material; bracteoles clawed, 0-8 mm long, the orbicular scurfy lamina about as long as the claw. Flowers 5—merous; calyx broad obconic, spreading widely, 0-7-0:9 mm long with broad lobes ca 0:5 mm long and broad rounded sinuses, papillose with some short marginal heads or scurfy, particularly in lower part of head; corolla lobes = free obovate 1:7 mm long; stamens 4-4-5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods flat linear, curved with slightly resinous margins, slightly constricted between seeds, 5 cm long ca 2mm broad. Seeds longitudinal, ca 4-5mm long, 1-5-2 mm wide; areole oblong open; funicle twice folded to form a basal aril.
DaRLING Downs Districr: Amiens, ca 15km NW of Stanthorpe, Sep 1966, Harslett in Ward 289.
The species is not common in Queensland. It is confined to the Stan- thorpe and Inglewood districts. It flowers in the period July to September. I have not seen fruiting specimens from Queensland. Its small heads and its phyllodes with the midrib close to the upper margin distinguish it from its nearest relatives in Queensland, A. lineata and A. resinicostata.
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160. Acacia resinicostata Pedley, Contrib. Qd Herb. 15:1 (1974) (resinocostata’). Type: Darling Downs District: Gore, Sep 1966, Ward (BRI, holo; CANB, K, NSW, iso).
Shrub to 3m tall; branchlets glabrous with resinous somewhat tuberculate ribs. Phyllodes sessile or with pulvinus 0:2 mm long, broad at the base some- what crowded, thick, glabrous, linear curved (outward at top) with an oblique apical mucro, uninerved (sometimes obscurely so) with nervelike (occasionally tuberculate) margins, (3—)5-5—-20 mm long, 0-8—-1-6(—2) mm wide, provided with an extremely small gland towards the base; stipules linear 0-5-1 mm long. Heads of 30-35 flowers on glabrous peduncles single in the axils 6-12 mm long, bracteoles linear to obovate—lanceolate acute, glabrous, 1-1-8 mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0:9-1-3mm long, + glabrous with acute lobes 0:3—0-5 mm; corolla 1-6-1-9 mm long with ovate acute lobes 0:6-0-9 mm long sometimes incurved when long; stamens 3-4 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods up to 7 cm long, 5mm broad, flat with nervelike margin, somewhat glutinous, on stipe 3-5 mm long. Seeds longitudinal, obovate, 4mm long, 2-7 mm wide, areole large open; funicle with 2 short folds near middle of seed then becoming progressively thicker towards base of seed, forming an aril on one side of base.
LEICHHARDT District: Blackdown Tableland ca 32km SE of Blackwater, Sep 1971, Henderson et al. 1199. Dartinc Downs Districr: Thane Creek—Karara area, Aug 1966, Ward 261.
Acacia resinicostata occurs on shallow soil in dissected sandstone country in widely separated localities in central and south-eastern Queensland. There is a wide range of variation and specimens from the different localities differ in dimensions of the phyllodes and flowers. It might therefore be possible to define infraspecific taxa, but more fruiting material is needed before this can be done. The species has in the past been confused with A. lineata which has differently ribbed branchlets, distinctly rrbbed phyllodes, and more deeply lobed calyxes, and with A. flexifolia which has similar branchlets but much smaller heads and distinctly ribbed phyllodes.
161. Acacia lineata A. Cunn. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2:403 (1832); Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. 49:496 (1916). Type: Barren country east and west of Wellington Valley, Cunningham (Is, iso).
A. runciformis A. Cunn. ex G, Don, op. cit. 404 (1832). Syntypes:
Cugeegong River, Jun 22 - Cunningham (K); Hittons Plains, May os
1823 ’ Cunningham (K). A. dasyphylla A, Cunn. ex Benth., Hook. London J. Bot. 1:359 (1842), Type: Lachlan River, May a Cunningham (K, holo; BM, iso).
An erect shrub up to 2m tall; branchlets ribbed definitely or slightly, only below the insertion of the phyllodes, indumentum various—moderately dense spreading hairs up to 0:5 mm long or short curled hairs, sometimes glabrescent, often glutinous; no stipules. Phyllodes coriaceous -+ linear, broadest near the top, gradually tapered to the base, abruptly contracted at the apex into an oblique, rarely straight mucro, prominent nervelike margins and a well defined yellowish or translucent midrib close to the dorsal margin (occasionally confluent with it near the top of the phyllode), glabrous or with sparse spreading hairs, sometimes mainly near the dorsal margin, 6-18mm long, 1-3 mm _ broad,
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5-10 times as long as broad; pulvinus ca 0:5 mm long; gland on dorsal margin about 1mm from base. Heads 12—15-flowered on slender peduncles in pairs in the axils, glabrous, 5~7 mm long, with an obtuse concave fimbriate bract 0:-5-0-8 mm long; bracteoles broad spathulate, obtuse, somewhat pubescent 0:6-0-8mm long, 0:'4mm broad. Flowers 5~merous; calyx 0-5—0:6 mm long, lobed almost to the base, the lobes oblong, obtuse with a few short hairs at the top or fimbriate; corolla lobes, free, 1:2—-1-4 mm long, glabrous, uninerved; stamens 2—2-5 mm Jong; ovary glabrous or slightly scurfy. Pods linear, somewhat twisted, up to 4cm long, ca 2:5 mm wide, valves glutinous, raised over the seeds, margins prominent. Seeds longitudinal, 4-5-5 mm x ca 1:5 mm, rather thick with a large open areole; funicle folded and thickened into large pale basal aril.
MarANos Districr: near ‘Warrong” Stn, 95km NW of Injune, 25°11’S 147°56’E, Oct 1978, Pedley 4520. DARLING Downs District: Kogan, Jun 1962, Ward,
Acacia lineata is widely spread in eastern Australia but reaches the northern limit of its range in southern Queensland where it is known from a few localities only. A specimen from Stanthorpe, collected in 1929, is possibly from a cultivated plant. The plant grows on shallow stony soils and flowers in August and September.
Maiden discussed the variability of A. lineata. The specimens from Queensland can all be referred to his Group 5, and are sufficiently like the type material to refer them to A. lineata. On the other hand the type specimen of A. dasyphylla is densely pubescent with the ‘midrib’ of the phyllodes + merging with the dorsal margin. It may prove to be a distinct species, but this will not affect the name of the Queensland plant.
162. Acacia uncinata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 15: t.1332 (1830); Pedley, Contrib. Qd Herb. 4:6 (1969). Type: ‘Our drawing was made in the greenhouse of the Comte de Vandels in Jul 1828’ (not seen),
A. undulifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2:404 (1832); Lodd. Bot. Cab. 16:t. 1544 (1829) nom. nud.; Loud. Hort. Brit. 407 (1830), nom. nud. Syntypes: country north of Cugeegong River, in 1823, Cunningham 37 (K); country north of Bathurst, in 1822, Cunningham 219 (K); hills above the Cox River, in 1822, Cunningham 218 (K).
A, piligera A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. sub n. 3394 (1835). ‘A. setigera’ Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 166 (1837). Type: Hunter River, May 22, Cunningham (K, holo; BM, iso).
A. sertiformis A. Cunn, in Bot. Mag. sub n. 3394 (1835). Type: Liverpool Plains, Cunningham (K, holo).
A, undulifolia var. sertiformis Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:356 (1864) based on A, sertiformis A. Cunn.
Shrub to 3m; branchlets - teréte with moderately dense or scattered long hairs ca 0-5 mm long; stipules triangular ca 1-3mm long, twice as long as broad, fimbriate. Phyllodes coriaceous, glaucous, glabrous or with a few hairs on the margins, broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, asymmetrical, the margins and midrib prominent, obscurely. penninerved, the midrib slightly upcurved produced into a slightly hooked point ca 1mm long, the upper margin usually coming away from’ the pulvinus slightly ‘higher than the lower margin with a
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prominent gland in the angle, and sometimes + confluent with the midrib ca 4 way along phyllode; occasionally: the phyllede not abruptly contracted at the base and then the gland on the margin; 10-20(-23) mm long, 8-12 mm broad, 1-]-1-4 times as long as broad; pulvinus ca 0-5 mm long. Heads 30—45- flowered on peduncles sparsely hairy 12-16 mm long; bracteoles capitate 0-4 mm long with an ovate acute head about 0:3 mm long and 0-25 mm broad. Flowers 5—merous; calyx narrowly conical, 0-4-0:5mm long with broad fimbriate triangular Icbes 0-1 mm long, sometimes with some hairs on tube; corolla (1:5—)1-7—2 mm long with lobes ca 0-75 mm long, glabrous; stamens 4-4:5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod flat, oblong, slightly curved, undulate, oblong to 6 cm long, 1-5—-2cm broad on a stipe ca 0-5cm long; seeds transverse, 5-7 mm long, 4-5 mm wide and ca 2 mm thick an aril ca 3 mm long on the truncated end, the areole almost closed ca 4mm long, 2mm broad.
DaRLING Downs District: Goombungee, Jun 1959, Ward; Messincs, N of Stanthorpe, Oct 1963, Pedley 1520.
Acacia. uncinata occurs on sandy soil at Barakula, Goombungee and in the Warwick—Stanthorpe area, but is not common. It has two flowering periods, August-September and December—January. .Plants flowering in the later period usually have mature pods from the earlier one.
Acacia dysophylla Benth. and A. undulifolia var. humilis Benth.* are distinctive taxa and further investigation is needed to determine whether they are conspecific with A. uncinata.
163. **Acacia heckingsii Pedley. Type: Leichhardt District: Isla Gorge, Sep 1963, Hockings (BRI, holo).
Shrub to about 3m tall with rather erect phyllodes, young shoots reddish; branchlets somewhat angular, slightly scurfy, greenish yellow; stipules very small, triangular, caducous. Phyllodes linear narrowed towards the base, abruptly con- tracted at the apex, obtuse or acute, apiculate, with a small gland at the apex on the dorsal side of the point, with a prominent midrib and yellowish some- what tuberculate margin, obscurely penninerved with subparallel nerves, glabrous, somewhat glutinous, 6-9 cm long, 2-3 mm wide, 30-40 times as long as wide; prominent annular or linear gland at the base; pulvinus 1-2mm long. Heads of ca 30 flowers on glabrous glutinous peduncles 5mm long in the upper axils; bracteole as long as the calyx, clawed with a small lamina. Flowers 5—merous; calyx broadly conical 1:25 mm long, with broad triangular slightly incurved
* Lectotype: Fraser 139 (K).
**Acacia hockingsii species nova affinis A. gnidium Benth. phyllodiis et floribus parvioribus diffe-t. Typus: Heckings s.n. (BRI, holotypus).
Frutex usque 3m _ altus phyllodiis paullo erectis et surculis juvenibus rubellis: ramuli paullo angulares leviter furfuracei viridiflavi; stipulae perparvae triangulares caducae. Phyllodia linearia basim versus angustata apice abrupte contracta, obtusa acutave, apiculatia, apice glande parva in latere dorsali apiculi ornata, costa prominenti et margine flavido aliquantum tuberculato praedita, obscure penninervia nervis subparallelibus, glabra paullo glutinosa, 6-9 cm longa, 2-3 mm lata, 20-40plo lonriota quam latiora; glans prominens linearis vel annularis basi; pulvinus 1-2mm longus. Capitulum ca 30 floribus in pedunculos glabros glutinosos axillares 5mm longos dispositum; bracteolus calycem aequans unguiculatus laminam parvam gerens. Flores S—meri; calyx late conicus 1:25mm_ longus lobis latis triangularibus leviter incurvis 0-4-0°5 mm longis praeditus; corolla 2mm longa ad medium lobata; stamina ca 4-5 mm longa; ovarium paullo furfuraceum. Legumen lineare marginibus incrassatis leviter super semina convexum usque ad 8cm longum glabrum valvis mem- branaceis; semina longitudinalia 2:5-3-5mm longa, ca 2mm lata, 1-2mm crassa; areolus pallens apertus; funiculus in arillum cupulatum laterale basi bis plicatus.
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lobes 0:4-0:5 mm long; corolla 2mm long lobed to the middle; stamens ca 45mm long; ovary a little scurfy. Pods linear with thickened margins slightly convex over the seeds up to 8cm long, 4:5mm wide, glabrous, the valves membraneous. Seeds longitudinal 2:5—-3:5 mm long, ca 2mm wide, 1-2 mm thick, areole pale, open; funicle twice folded into a cupular aril on one side at the base of the seed.
LEICHHARDT District: Isla Gorge, 25°14’S 149°57’'E, Nov 1968, Pedley 2792.
This species is restricted to the Isla Gorge area (ca 50 km SSW of Theodore) where it occurs on shallow soil overlying sandstone in eucalypt woodland. It flowers in September and fruits in December,
164. Acacia ixodes Pedley, nom. et stat. nov. Based on Acacia gnidium Benth. var. latifolia Maiden & Betche, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 30:362 (1905). Type: Gilgandra, Oct 1904, Cambage 1132 (K, BM, iso}.
Tall shrub or small tree to 5m; branchlets, slender, angular, glabrous, glutinous; stipules deciduous ca 0:4 mm long. Phyllodes linear obtuse or acute mucronulate with a small gland at the apex on the dorsal side of the mucro, glutinous when young, glabrous; 2-5-5 cm long 2-5-5 mm broad, (5—)8—-14 times as long as broad; with prominent yellowish midrib and prominent margin very slightly tuberculate, sometimes obscurely penninerved with nerves subparallel to margin; gland 3-4 mm from base. Heads ca 20—flowered on glabrous 10—12 mm long, single in the axils; bractecles about as long as the calyx, spathulate acute, slightly concave. Flowers 5~merous; calyx 0-7—-0-8 mm long with broad obtuse scurfy lobes ca 0:2mm long; corolla 1:3-1-7mm long with obovate acute lobes free for about 1mm; stamens 3—4 mm long; ovary slightly scurfy. Pod variable, glabrous, glutinous with membranous valves raised above the sceds and nervelike margins either up to 4-5 cm long and 2-4—4 mm broad or 3-5 cm long and 6-6-5 mm broad; seeds longitudinal 3-5-4mm long, 1:-9-2-2 mm broad, ca 1-2mm thick with funicle twice folded to form cupular aril at base, areole open.
Warreco Districr: Charleville, Oct 1945, Clemens. Maranoa District: ‘Boatman’ Stn,
Jul 1947, Everist 3129, & Oct 1957, Everist 5622. DARLING Downs Districr: ca 45 miles [72 km] N of Talwood, Sep 1967, McDonald 349.
Acacia ixodes is found on sandy soils, often with Eucalyptus melanophloia and Callitris columellaris, in southern inland Queensland from west of Charle- ville to north of Bungunya. It occurs only sporadically in this area though it is usually common where it occurs. It flowers in August and September and fruits in October and November. It is closely related to A. gnidium but has broader phyllodes with a prominent raised midrib.
165. Acacia gnidium Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:359 (1864). Type: Sub-tropical New Holland: foot of sandstone mountains, 11 Sep 1846, Mitchell ‘289’ (K, holo).
A dense spreading shrub to 4m; bark flaky; branchlets glabrous, angular, resinous. Phyllodes linear 3-5—5 cm long, 1-2 mm wide; pulvinus short, up to 1mm long; a small gland on dorsal side of short oblique mucro and another 1-6 mm from the base. Heads of 20-25 flowers on glabrous axillary peduncles 3-8 mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0-9-1-2 mm long, shortly lobed, glabrous, corolla 1:6—-1:8 mm long, 1-5-2 times as long as the calyx; stamens ca 3 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod linear with rather membranous valves up to 6cm long, 6mm wide. Seeds not seen.
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LEICHHARDT District: Scotts Peak, about 60km E of Clermont, June 1951, Everist 4412, SourH KENNEDY District: 17 miles [27km] SW of “Alpha” Stn, 24°16’S 146°24’E, Oct 1964, Pedley 1745, Aug 1977, Armitage 1221,
Mitchell collected A. gnidium on the Dividing Range and it is known from only two other localities, on the Dividing Range about 100 km north-west of the type locality on sandstone, and on trachyte in the Peak Range east of Clermont. It will probably be found on shallow acid soils in other rugged parts of central Queensland.
A. hockingsii which has larger phyllodes and flowers is probably its nearest relative,
166. *Acacia lauta Pedicy. Type: Darling Downs District: Weranga, ca 16 km E of Tara, Sep 1966, Price (BRI, holo). Misapplied name: A. pilligaensis auct. non Maiden; Pedley, Contrib. Qd Herb. 4:7 (1969).
A sprawling shrub to ca 2m tall; branchlets yellowish, angular, somewhat resinous with moderately dense + erect hairs ca 0:2 mm long; stipules persistent, scarious, linear, up to 0-7 mm long. Phyllodes with a few hairs at the base, glabrescent, straight or somewhat incurved, narrowed at the base, abruptly contracted at the apex, with an oblique mucro, with a slightly raised translucent midrib, thickened margins, and 1 or 2 other obscure longitudinal ribs when dry, 2—-4cm long, 1:5—2:5 mm wide; pulvinus ca 1mm long. Head of 25-30 flowers on pubescent axillary peduncles 5-7 mm long; bracteoles 1-1-2 mm long, oblanceolate, acute, bent about the middle. Flowers 5—merous; calyx ca 0-8 mm long with acute or obtuse lobes 0-3-0-4mm long, glabrous except for a few short hairs on the margins of the lobes; corolla 1:6-1-:8 mm long, glabrous, a little more than twice as long as the calyx; stamens 4mm _ long; ovary minutely papillose with a few short apical hairs. Pod glabrous linear, convex over the seeds, up to 6cm long, ca 4mm wide; seeds longitudinal, 4-5-5 mm long, 2:5-2:7mm wide; areole prominent oblong open; funicle pale, once folded, forming cupular aril.
DaRLING Downs District: 10 miles [16 km] E of Tara, May 1961, Smith 11345.
Acacia lauta is known only from the type locality where it occurs on rather deep sand, It is an extremely attractive shrub which deserves to be more widely cultivated. It flowers in August and September and fruits in December. In the past it has been referred to A. lineata but it differs in the size and nervature of the phyllodes, the size of the flower-heads and the lobing of the calyx. It is more closely allied to A. ixedes or to A. pilligaensis.
* Acacia lauta species nova affinis A. ixodis Pedley ramulis pubescentibus phyllodiis tenuioribus et pedunculis brevioribus differt. Typus: Price s.n. (BRI, holotypus).
Frutex expansus usaque ad 2m altus; ramuli flavide angulares aliquantum resinosi pilis modice densis + erectis ca 0:2 mm longis vestiti; stipulae persistentes scariosae lineares usque ad 0:7.1mm longae. Phyllodia basi aliquot pilis glabrescentia recta vel leviter incurva, basi angustata, apice abrupte contracta, mucrone obliquo, costa leviter elevate translucenti, marginibus incrassatibus, et ubi sicca 1 vel 2 costis aliis obscuris longitudinalis ornata, 2-4cm longa, 1°5-2:5mm lata; pulvinus ca 1mm longus. Capitulum 25-30 florum in pedunculos pubescentos axillares 5-7 mm longos; bracteolus 1-1-2 mm longus oblanceolatus acutus ad medium flexus. Flores 5—meri; calyx ca 0'8mm longus lobis 0-3-0:4 mm longis acutis obtusisve, praeter margines loborum pilis paucis brevibus glaber; corolla 1:6-1-8 mm longa glaber calyce quasi bis longior; stamina 4mm longa; ovarium minute papillosum aliquot pilis brevibus apice. Jegumen glabrum lineare super semina convexum usque ad 6cm longum, ca 4mm _ latum; semina longitudinalia 4:5-S mm longa, 2°5-2:7mm eh areolus prominens oblongus apertus; funiculus pallidus semel plicatus arillum cupulum aciens,
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167. Acacia myrtifolia (Sm.) Willd., Spec. Pl. 4:1054 (1806); White & Francis, _ Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 35:68 (1923). Based on Mimosa myrtifolia Sm., ‘Trans, Linn. Soc, 1:252 (1791). Type: Botany Bay, May 1794 (CK, iso).
Phyllodoce myrtifolia (Sm,) Link, ‘Handb, 2:132 (1831) non Phyllodoce Salisb. 518067. Based on M. myrtifolia Sm.
Cuparilla myrtifolia (Sm.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 120 (1838). Based on M. myrtifolia Sm. .
_ Misapplied name: A. amoena auct. non H. Wendl; F. M. Bailey, Qd Flora 2:489 (1900).
Shrub to 3m sometimes flowering when only SO cm tall; branchlets rather thick, glabrous, with somewhat pale ribs arising from the base of the pulvinus. Phyllodes thick (almost fleshy when fresh) glabrous, oblong, elliptic or obovate, acuté or obtuse mucronulate, (2~)3~—5-5(—6-5) cm long, 7—-18(—20) mm broad, 2—-4(—5) times as long as broad, sometimes obscurely penninerved, the nerves widely diverging; pulvinus 1-2 mm long; gland rimmed, with moderate orifice, not exserted nor swollen but conspicuous ‘because of the contrast in texture with marginal nerve, 5—7(—10) mm from the base. Heads of 3—6(—8) flowers in glabrous 3~-6(—9) branched axillary racemes, occasionally single in the axils, rarely growing out into leafy shoots, axis 2~4-5 cm long, peduncles 3-6 mm long. Flowers 4—merous; calyx broad cylindrical 0-6-0-9 mm long, glabrous or slightly scurfy, sinuolately lobed, corolla lobes 2:8—3:5 mm long (4-5 times as long as the calyx), free; stamens very numerous, 4-5 mm long; ovary glabrous or with a few hairs at the top. Pod linear flat curved, up to 6 cm long, 2-5-3 mm broad, with extremely thick undulate marginal nerve; seeds longitudinal 4-4-5 mm long, 1-5-2-2mm_ broad, areole almost closed; funicle not folded, thickened into clavate aril on one side of seed at base.
DarRLING Downs Districr: Girraween Nat. Park between Wyberba and Wallangarra, Nov 1971, Blake 23769. Moreton District: Beerwah, Sep 1921, Mhite 978; Mt Barney, Sep 1949, Everist 4139,
Though widely distributed in southern Australia where it exhibits a wide range of variation in Queensland Acacia myrtifolia is confined to the south-east of the state where it occurs in various situations—in shrubby eucalypt forest in. wetter areas such as Beerwah and Canungra, on skeletal soils on mountain peaks up to 1 200m and on sand derived from granite south-east of Stanthorpe. It. flowers from June to September and fruits from September to December.
It is not particularly variable in Queensland and its heads of a few very large flowers distinguish it from all other species found in the state, though in leaf shape and venation it has some resemblance to A. hispidula and A, purpureapetala.
I have not seen the holotype. The isotype at Kew bears the label ‘Herbarium of the late Bishop Goodenough. Presented by the Corporation of Carlisle, June 1880,’ The specimen was probably collected by John White. White and Francis noted that F. M. Bailey’s record of A. amoena H. Wendl. from the Glasshouse Mountains was based on a specimen of A. myrtifolia.
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168. Acacia hispidula (Sm.) Willd., Spec. Pl. 4:1054 (1806). Based on Mimosa . hispidula Sm., Bot. Nov. Holl. 53 t. 16 (1795). Type: not seen,
A rather open shrub up to 2m tall; branchlets + terete, hispid with sparse tuberculate-based hairs or sometimes merely tuberculate; stipules triangular up to Imm long or absent. Phyllodes subsessile, oblong or obovate acute, the midrib and margins: prominent, conspicuously tuberculate, somewhat obscurely penninerved, a prominent slightly raised gland 4—+ way along. dorsal -margin, 1-8-3 cm long, (3-)4~-7 mm broad, 3-5-6:5 fimes as long as broad. Heads pale (almost white) of about 15 flowers on axillary peduncles sparsely hairy at the base or glabrate, 4-6 mm long (10 mm in fruit); bracteoles capitate about 0-6mm long,: the stipe concave fimbriate, the lamina about 0-5 mm_ broad, sparsely pubescent. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0:7-0:8mm long with acute lobes 0-2—0:3 mm long, sparsely pubescent; corolla 1-7-1-9 mm long, united to half; stamens 3~3-5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod dark, glabrous, up to 4-5cm long, ca 1 cm broad, 1-3 seeded, flattened, slightly contracted: between the seeds, margins thickened sometimes slightly tuberculate. Seeds longitudinal oblong, ca 7:5 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, 3mm thick; areole prominent open oblong; funicle thickened lying along long margin of seed and further thickened,. but not folded, into basal aril.
Dartinc Downs: Wyberba, Jan 1933, Blake 4660. MorETON Disrricr: Crows Nest, Oct 1921, White 1081; Mt Gravatt, Jul 1930, Hubbard 3306.
In Queensland Acacia hispidula is not common. It occurs in* eucalypt open-forest on shallow soils in a few places in the Moreton District, usually on sandstone, and on granite south of Stanthorpe in the Darling Downs District. Flowering material has been collected at all times of the year except early summer. It is a distinctive species whose closest relative is A. purpureapetala.
I have not seen type material, but Smith’s plate and description leave no doubt about the correct application of the name.
169, Acacia purpureapetala F. M. Bailey, Qd Agric. J. 15:780 (1905); Pedley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 75:33 (1964). Type: Herberton, in 1904, J. Stirling 214 (BRI, holo).
Small shrub with spreading prostrate branches; branchlets angular, soon becoming terete, hirsute with dense + spreading white hairs; stipules linear, persistent, 2—2: 5 mm long. Phyllodes coriaceous oblong, straight, with prominent midrib and margin,‘ with an oblique point ca 1mm long, indumentum of -+ dense spreading hairs when young, scattered when old, 2-4-3 cm long, 5-6 mm wide, 4:5-5-:5 times as long as wide, a gland about 2 mm from base; pulvinus ca 1mm _ long. Flowers mauve-pink in heads of 15-20 flowers on hirsute peduncles 10 mm long; bracteoles oblanceolate acute 1:7 mm long, hirsute on the back. Flowers 5—merous; calyx lobes + free to base, oblanceolate, hirsute, 1:5 mm long, ca 0:3mm broad; corolla 2:1 mm long with hirsute, acute lobes 1mm long, the anthers (0:2mm long, 0-25 mm broad) and upper parts of filaments dark-spotted; ovary glabrous with few ovules. Pod glaucous, margins thickened, 2—3(—4) seeded, 17 mm long; 7 mm broad, some- times with a few hairs. Seeds longitudinal, 4:2 mm long, 4:2 mm wide and 1-8 mm thick, the areole oval, closed; aril small, at one side at the base,
Cook Disrrict: Stannary Hills, Jun 1962, Gittins S41.
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| Acacia purpureapetala is a rare plant confined to the Stannary Hills— Irvinebank area on the southern part of the Atherton Tableland. Despite the fact that its pink flowers make it rather conspicuous it has been collected only a few times since its discovery in 1904. It is the only member of section Phyllodineae confined to tropical Queensland. Tt apparently has a long flowering period as Mrs I. B. Armitage who inspected a population of A. purpureapetala at ‘Lass o’Gowrie’ mine near Stannary Hills in July 1973 reported (in litt.) that plants were carrying mature open pods, immature pods, flowers and buds.
170. Acacia dietrichiana F. Muell., Wing’s South. Sci. Rec. 2:149 (1889). Type: Lake Elphinstone, Amalia Dietrich 1710 (MEL, holo; HBG, P, PR, iso).
A, juncifolia var. planifolia Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:339 (1864). Type: Sub- tropical New Holland, Camp 29, Sep 1846, Mitchell (K, holo).
A little branched tree to 6m; branchlets reddish, slightly angular, glutinous, glabrous; older branchlets lenticellular; stipules triangular, inconspicuous early deciduous. Phyllodes coriaceous, glabrous, straight, obtuse, mucronulate, midrib prominent, obscurely longitudinally folded, 13-23 cm long, 1-5—3-5 mm wide, (38—)60—105 times as long as wide; pulvinus 1-2 mm long; gland 2:5-12 mm from the base. Heads of 20-30 flowers on glabrous peduncles 8-12 mm long, single or in pairs or 3s in the upper axils; occasionally the peduncle branched about half way; bracteole about as long as calyx. Flowers 5—merous; calyx lobes free, ca 1mm long, 0-3~0:4mm broad, oblong, thickened and slightly incurved at the top, usually with translucent hairs on the back and on the margins in the upper half; corolla lobes free, glabrous, elliptic, 1-6-2 mm long, 0-6 mm broad; ovary glabrous. Pods glabrous straight moniliform to ca 6cm long, 5mm wide narrowing to 2—3mm; seeds ovoid ca 4mm long and 2:5 mm wide, arranged longitudinally; areole open, elongated; funicle not thickened.
BurRKE District: Poison Creek, 80 miles [128km] N of Hughenden, Sep 1937, Brass 74, NorTH KENNEDY Districr: ca 10 miles [16km] E of Lucy Hill, 18°35’S 145°25’E, Aug 1967, Morain 174. SourH KeNNeEpy Disrrict: 19 miles [30km] SW of ‘Alpha’ Stn, Oct 1964, Pedley 1743. LeicuHarpr Disrricr: near Goodliffe Creek, 50 miles [80 km] E of Tambo, Aug 1966, Gittins TS8.
A. dietrichiana is a widespread but not common species, It is found on shallow soils derived from sandstone from north of Hughenden to the Dividing Range east of Tambo. Such geographical distribution is unusual. Most species of section Phyllodineae found on sandstone occur in the south-east of the state and reach the limit of their range about the Tropic of Capricorn. A. dietrichiana does not occur in the south-east and the Tropic is about its southern limit. It flowers between mid-June and mid-August and fruits from September to December.
Its nearest relative appears to be A. juncifolia which it grows with on the northern edge of the Blackdown Tableland but it is distinguished by its broader phyllodes and branched peduncles.
171. Acacia juncifolia Benth., London J. Bot. 1:341 (1842). Syntypes: Barren lands in the NW interior, Fraser (K); Port Bowen (K).
A. pinifolia Benth. in Mitch., Trop. Aust. 342 (1849). Type: Subtropical New Holland, in 1846, Mitchell ‘347 (K, holo).
114 . > 7320," Cunningham
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Tall glabrous shrub with slender terete branches. Phyllodes linear subulate, erect or spreading subterete, subquadrangular or flattened, up to 1 mm broad, with a not very prominent midrib on each side, 7-20 cm long; gland ca 2~10 mm from the base and the phyllode sometimes bent at the gland. Heads of ca 20 flowers on single or paired axillary peduncles S—10 mm long. Flowers 5—-merous; sepals spathulate, at length free, ca | mm long; corolla smooth without prominent midrib, 1-7 mm long, lobed to about the middle; stamens ca 3 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod straight or slightly curved 10cm long, 4mm broad, raised over seeds and slightly contracted between them. Seeds longitudinal; almost subcylindrical ca 4mm long, 2:5 mm broad areole oblong, open; funicle not folded, slightly thickened at the end.
LEICHHARDT District: 13 miles [21 km] from Cracow on Varoom Road, Aug 1962, Johnson & Everist 2485 & 2500. Dartinc Downs District: near Gurulmundi, Nov 1930, Hubbard 5043; Inglewood, Oct 1922, C. J. Smith. Burnetr Disrrict: Eidsvold, in 1919,
Bancroft. WipE Bay Districr: between Howard and Traverston, Oct 1929, White 6380. MoreETON District: near Ipswich, Oct 1959, Pedley 488.
A. juncifolia is widespread in subtropical coastal and subcoastal districts of Queensland but is nowhere common. It is often found on shallow sandy soils derived from sandstone and, less commonly granite, but it occurs on deeper sands in heath in coastal areas south of Bundaberg. It flowers between July and September, and fruits in October and November.
I have seen no collections from the coast north of about Bundaberg, and the locality on the syntype collected by Cunningham is considered doubtful.
172. *Acacia calantha Pedley. Type: Leichhardt District: 18 km S of Cracow, 25°28’S 150°18’E, Dec 1976, Pedley 4412 (BRI, holo; A, CANB, K, L, MEL, NSW, iso).
Shrub to 3 m tall; branchlets yellowish brown, slender, angular soon becom- ing terete, glabrous, somewhat resinous. Phyllodes linear, slightly curved, midrib prominently raised, margin slightly tuberculate. A small gland at the apex, 7-15 cm long, (0-6-)0:8—-1 mm wide; pulvinus ca 1mm long. Heads of about 30 flowers in peduncles 4-5 mm long singie in the upper axils. Flowers glabrous 5—merous; calyx 0-8—-1-2 mm long with lobes ca 0-2 mm long; corolla 1-5-2 mm long, 1-5-2 times as long as the calyx; stamens 3-5—4-5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods + flat up to about 5cm long, 1 cm wide, with glabrous resinous valves with anastomosing veins. Seeds ca 4mm * 2mm, placed lon- gitudinally; areole open broad; funicle thickened and folded about 3 times, forming basal aril.
LEICHHARDY District: about 17 miles [27km] from Cracow on Taroom road, Jun 1959, Johnson 819.
* Acacia calantha Pedley, species nova; A. juncifoliam Benth. et A. dieftrichianam F. Muell. leviter simulans, antem phyllodiis nervo valde elevata et glande basali deficienti, sepalis connatis et funiculo plicato differt; probabiliter A. hockingsii Pedley arcte affinis phyllodiis longioribus angustioribusque differt. Typus: Pedley 4412 (BRI, holotypus; A, CANB, K, L, NSW, isotypus).
Frutex usque 3 m altus; ramuli testacei, graciles angulati mox teretes, glabri, aliquantum resinosi. Phyllodia linearia leviter curvata, costa prominenter elevata, margine leviter tuber- culato, glande parva apice praedita, 7-15cm long, (0-6—-)0:8—-1 mm lata; pulvinus circa 1mm longus. Capitula circa 30-flora in pedunculis 45mm longis in axiilis superis singulatim disposita. Flores glabri S—meri; calyx 0-8-1:2mm longus lobis circa 0:2 mm longis; corolla 1-5-2mm longa, quam calyx 1:5—2—plo longior; stamina 3:5-4:5mm longa; ovarium glabrum, Legumina + plana usque 5cm longa, 1 cm lata, valvis glabris resinosis anastomanter nervatis. Semina circa 4mm x 2mm _ longitudinaliter disposita; areolus apertus latus; funiculus crassus et ter plicatus arillem basalem faciens.
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Acacia calantha is restricted to rugged sandstone country in the central part of the Dawson River basin near Cracow. It is an attractive floriferous shrub found in eucalypt woodland on shallow soils on the lower slopes of steep hills. It flowers from July to September and mature pods have been collected in December.
Herbarium specimens have been misidentified as A. juncifolia but the phyllodes with the gland on the adaxial side of the apical mucro and_ tuber- culate margins suggest a close affinity with A. hockingsii which is restricted to a similar area of sandstone at Isla Gorge about 40 km to the north-west.
173. Acacia stricta (Andr,) Willd., Spec. Pl. 4:1052 (1896), Based on Mimosa stricta Andr., Bot. Rep. t. 53 (1799). Type: The plate.
Phyllodoce stricta (Andr.) Link, Handb. 2:133 (1831), nom. illeg. non Phyllodoce Salisb, (1806). Based on M. stricta.
Acacia emarginata H. Wendl, Comm. Acac. 27 (1820). Type: (GOET, holo, not seen; BRI, photo).
Shrub ca 5m tall; branchlets angular with yellowish resinous ribs; stipules none. Phyllodes linear-spathulate abruptly contracted to obtuse apiculate apex, gradually tapered to the base, midrib and margins prominent, resinous, some- times a second faint longitudinal nerve for a short distance from the base on _ the dorsal side, closely conspicuously, reticulately penninerved, 7-5-10-5 cm
Jong, 6—9(-17) mm broad, (6—)9—13 times as long as broad; gland prominent near the base. Heads of ca 25 flowers in groups of 2—7 in the axils (condensed racemes with very short rachises); bracteoles capitate, 1mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx broad conic, the lobes almost completely united into a tube 1-1-1 mm long and broad incurved ovate scurfy lobes ca 0:15 mm long; corolla of free glabrate obovate petals 1:5 mm long; stamens 3 mm long; ovary scurfy. Pod linear + straight, slightly glutinous, with thickened margins, to 7 cm long, ca 2-5mm broad. Seeds longitudinal 3:5 mm long, 1:5 mm broad, with funicle intricately folded forming aril about half as Jong as seed beneath the seed; areole large open. :
DARLING Downs District: Amiens near Stanthorpe, Oct 1963, Pedley 1479,
The collections of A. stricta seen from Queensland have been from the McPherson Range, Inglewood and near Stanthorpe. The species is widespread in other parts of eastern Australia however, extending through New South Wales and Victoria to Tasmania. In Queensland the species flowers in September and October.
A stricta has distinctive nervation and is not closely related to any other species occurring in Queensland. I have seen only a photograph of type material of A, emarginata but the illustrations of both it and Mimosa stricta are mosis and there is no doubt that they i are. conspecific,
174. Acacia crombiei C. T, White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 53:213 (1942). Type: Mitchell District: Hoty ca 50 miles N of Longreach, Jun 1940, Crombie (BRI, holo).
A tree ca 10m tall (reported to resemble A, cana: ard ‘A. safes branchlets terete, slightly glaucous, zig-zag; no stipules, Phyllodes linear, acute, glabrous or with short scattered tightly appressed hairs, slightly glaucous, “pro- minent midr.b and margin, pinnately nerved, the nerves prominently arched near
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the margin, 10-15 cm long, 5-8 mm broad, 19-23 times as long as broad; prominent gland at the base; pulvinus ca 2mm long. Flowers in heads, on axillary peduncles. Flowers 5—merous; sepals free, linear-spathulate, ciliolate, ca 0-5 mm long; corolla 1-7—2 mm long; stamens ca 3 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod coriaceous 9cm long, ca 2cm broad, glaucous, transversely reticulately nerved. Seeds transverse, not seen mature, but evidently with funicle + straight, not folded or thickened into an aril.
BURKE DistRicr: ‘Ronald Plains’ 40 miles [{64km] N of Richmond, May 1965, Walker; 40 miles [64km] NE of Richmond, Jun 1954, Speck 4482.
I have seen only two specimens of A. crombiei additional to those cited by White. One is sterile and the other has pods at about the same stage of development as those seen by White. The additional specimens extend the range from north of Longreach to a little north of Richmond. It is however rare and occurs in small isolated populations. |
The holotype has been damaged by insects and there are no longer any intact flower heads. There are however enough more or less intact flowers to enable White’s description to be checked. The length of the sepals of 0-5 mm, not O-5cm as given in the protologue. The relationships of the species are obscure. It has some slight superficial resemblance to A. fasciculifera but differs in the structure of the inflorescence, flowers and pods.
175. Acacia fasciculifera F. Mucll. ex Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:361 (1864). Type: Rockhampton, Dallachy (K, lectotypus novus).
A, penninervis Sieb. ex DC. var. stenophylla Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:254 (1926). Type: Prope Rockhampton, Dietrich 575 (PR, holo; HBG, iso).
Tree 20m or more tall (usually ca 10m) with rough furrowed bark; branchlets stout, zig-zag, angular with yellowish ribs, glabrous rarely slightly scurfy or with a few appressed hairs; no stipules. Phyllodes straight or slightly curved, narrowly oblong or elliptic, coriaceous, with prominent midribs and margins, coarsely penninerved and reticulate, + acute, glabrous, or rarely with a few appressed hairs, 5-13 cm long, 7-19(—33 young) mm broad, 4-12 times as long as broad, with very short pulvinus articulate on a short spur on the branchlet; a prominent gland at or 2—2:5 mm above the base. Inflorescence a condensed raceme of heads appearing to be an axillary cluster of flowers, the rachis, appressed pubescent, 3-8(—14) mm long, bearing 3-8 sparsely pubescent or glabrous peduncles 10-15 mm long, occasionally reduced to a single axillary or extra-axillary pedunculate head; heads ca 25—flowered; bractcoles ca 1mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx lobes free, 0-7—1 mm long, linear obtuse concave slightly broader at the apex; corolla lobes 1-5-2 mm long, obovate, uninerved, united to about the middle; stamens ca 4mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod 10-12:5 cm long, 10-13 mm broad (sometimes only 8 mm), the valves glabrous, cartilaginous, prominently marginally nerved, transversely veined. Seed longi- tudinal, flattened 6~7 mm long, 5-3~6-3 mm broad (5 * 4mm in small pods), areole open 2:8 mm long, 2 mm broad; funicle thickened gradually from the edge of the pod to base of the seed, undulate, but not folded.
Porr Curtis: Rockhampton-Yeppoon Road, 4 miles [6km] from Rockhampton, Jan 1948, Michael 3103, LrticHHarpr District: Taroom, Sep 1927, Hayes. Wine Bay DIstRicr: Mt Bauple, Sep 1922, Kajewski. BURNETT District: Emsvoitp, Bancroft. MoRETON DISTRICT: Hoya, near Boonah, Dec 1933, Michael 1978.
B—72869
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Acacia fasciculifera (Rosewood or Scrub Ironbark) is found in softwood scrubs or in association with A. harpophylla in subtropical coastal Queensland. It sometimes becomes large enough to be logged timber. Flowering usually ae in the summer but pods may be found on some trees almost throughout the year.
The affinities of the species lie with A. penninervis and A. macradenia which sometimes has very similar phyllodes, but it differs from both and all other species of section Phyllodineae in its extremely condensed racemes.
176. Acacia yerniciflua A. Cunn. in Field, N.S. Wales 344 (1825); Benth., Fl. Aust, 2:358 (1864). Type: Cox River, Oct 722—
1822” Cunningham Ck, holo; BM, iso).
A shrub about 2-5 m tall; branchlets with yellowish angles, glabrous, viscid; stipules broadly triangular, 0-5 mm long. Phyllodes often widely spread or reflexed, glabrous, viscid with numerous small resinous pits, with prominent margins, midrib and a second longitudinal nerve arising at the base and running + parallel to dorsal margin but not usually reaching quite to the apex, either linear, broadest above the middle tapering to the base, 35-65 mm long, 3:5-6:5 mm broad, 5-15 times as long as broad, or obovate or elliptic 35-50 mm long, ca 15 mm broad, 2—4 times as long as broad, small gland at base. Inflorescence an extremely reduced raceme, the flowers appearing to be in 3’s in the axils, the peduncles ca 3mm long, the heads 35—40-flowered; bracteoles ca 1 mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 1-1-1-2:mm long with obtuse incurved hirsute lobes O-2mm long; corolla lobes 2:1-2:2mm long with oblanceolate acute lobes united to the middle; stamens ca 4-5 mm long; ovary glabrous or minutely papillose. Pod ca 7cm long, 2-5-6mm broad, valves glabrous raised over the seeds and somewhat narrowed between them. Seeds longitudinal rather thick, ca 3-5mm long; aerole large open; funicle thickened and folded to form concave fleshy aril beneath seed.
DarRLING Downs District: Amiens, ca 10 miles [16km] WNW of Stanthorpe, Oct 1963, Pedley 1504.
Like some other species of section Phyllodineae (for example, A. montana, A. rubida and A. stricta), A. verniciflua is widely spread in temperate parts of eastern Australia but in Queensland is found only in the elevated granite country near Stanthorpe. I[t. flowers in September.
There is fairly wide range of variation in the shape and size of the phyllodes even on the few specimens seen from Queensland, and in Victoria and Tasmania the range of variation is extremely large. Bentham considered A. graveolens A. Cunn. ex G. Don and A. exudans Lindl. (as A. verniciflua var. latifolia Benth.) to be conspecific with A. verniciflua but further studies are needed to determine whether this treatment is correct. The status of A. exudans and A. graveolens however cannot affect the name of the Queensland plant which is clearly the same as the holotype of A. verniciflua.
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177. Acacia bancroftit Maiden, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 30:26 (1918). Type: Dry stony ridges at Beta, Jul 1913, Boorman (NSW, holo; BRI, K, iso).
A tree to 6m tall; branchlets terete, glabrous and often glaucous. Phyllodes obliquely obovate, obtuse, bent near the base and narrowed into a prominent pulvyinus 5-12 mm long, glabrous and often glaucous, with prominent midrib and nervelike margins, penninerved, the lateral nerves reticulate, making an angle of about 30°-45°; 11-21cm long, 2:5~-8:5(—12) cm broad, 1-5-4-5(—6) times as long as broad; gland just above the base and often 1 or 2 glands $ to + way along dorsal margin on projections up to 1 cm long; projecting glands present on only about 4+ of the phyllodes and entirely absent on all phyllodes of some plants. Heads of 25-40 flowers in axillary 15S—30 branched racemes; the axils glabrous and glaucous or rarely appressed pubescent up to 16cm long, the peduncles glabrous and glaucous or appressed pubescent 5(—8) mm long, inflor- escence rarely compound; bracteoles about as long as the calyx, peltate. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0-5—0-65 mm, pubescent, with fimbriate lobes 0-1-0-25 mm long; corolla 1-6-1-75 mm long, 2:5-3-5 times as long as the calyx, glabrous or pubescent, with lobes ca 0-5 mm long; stamens 3-4 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod glabrous and often glaucous, flat, with nervelike margins and sometimes trans- versely veined, raised along the midline, up to 20cm long, 10-15 mm broad; seeds longitudinal, flattened, 6~9 mm long, 4~S mm broad, the areole closed; funicle completely encircling seed making clavate and oblique aril at the base.
MITCHELL DistTRicT: Erne, ca 45 miles [72 km] ENE of Blackall, Jun 1939, Everist 1817. SouTH KENNEDY Districr: ‘Wollombi’, 55 miles [88km] S of Collinsville, May 1962, Johnson 2346. LericHHarpr Disrricr: 11 miles [17 km] N of Clermont, June. 1966, Pedley 2129; ‘Ghinghinda’, Oct 1963, Speck 1876. MarANoA Disrricr: ‘Bendemere’, Jul 1951, Evertst 4442. DarLING Downs Districr: Barakula, Apr 1948, Curtis 18. BURNETT Districr: 7 miles [11 km] WSW of Kingaroy, Novy 1968, Pedley 2776.
Acacia bancroftii is a decorative species common on shallow stony soils in some inland parts of central Queensland mainly in the Leichhardt, Burnett and South Kennedy districts. It flowers from May to July and pods mature from October to December, In the southern part of its range near Kingaroy, it occurs on deeper and richer soils than elsewhere and its foliage is then usually green rather than glaucous as it is elsewhere.
A, penninervis is probably its nearest relative but it has smaller phyllodes and flowers and the funicle does not encircle the seed.
178. Acacia hakeoides A. Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1:354 (1842), Syntypes: Barren forests on the north of the Liverpool Plains, Jul 1827, Cunningham (K); near both Lachlan and Macquarie Rivers, Cunningham (K; BM, iso).
Small tree to about 5m tall; branchlets angular, glabrous. Phyllodes coriaceous, glabrous, straight, linear spathulate, broadest near the top, attenuate at the base, obtuse, mucronulate, prominent midnerve, penninerved, the lateral nerves making an angle of ca 20° with midrib, somewhat reticulate, 5-5—9(—11°5) cm long, 6—-12(—15) mm broad, (4:5—)7-5-14 times as long as broad; pulvinus 1-2mm long; gland prominent on dorsal margin 12-30 mm from the base, (4—)4-4 the length of the phyllode. Heads of ca 20 flowers in glabrous axillary 7—10—branched racemes, axis 25—30 mm long, the peduncles 2—4 mm long; brac- teoles about as long as the calyx, peltate. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0-6-1 mm long with glabrous tube and obtuse fimbriate lobes 0-3 mm long; corolla lobes free, 1:5-1-:7 mm long, ca 0-6 mm broad, 1-5-2-2 times as long as the calyx,
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appressed pubescent in upper half; stamens ca 3 mm long; ovary appressed pub- escent. Pod linear, flat, glabrous, 4cm long, 4mm broad, constricted between longitudinal seeds. Seeds ca 7mm long, 4:5 mm broad with an elongate areole almost closed at base; funicle thickened and dilated, but not folded, into clavate aril.
DarLING Downs District: 12 miles [19km] E of Tara, Aug 1961, Pedley 794.
Acacia hakeoides is not common in Queensland. It occurs near Tara and in the Inglewood—Yelarbon area, usually on loamy soils. It flowers in August and September and fruits have been collected in February.
179, Acacia falcata Willd., Sp. Pl. 421053 (1806). Based on Mimosa obliqua J.C. Wendl., Bot. Beobach. 57 (1798) non Lam. (1792). Type: not seen.
Slender, usually single stemmed, tree to ca 4m; branchlets with not very prominent yellowish ribs. Phyllodes falcate, glabrous, with prominent midrib and margins, reticulately penninerved, acute or obtuse, broadest above the middle, very attenuate at the base, narrowed into a pulvinus ca 5 mm long; (9-5—)12-19 cm long, 12-40 mm broad, 4:5-12 times as long as broad; gland, slit-like, at the base. Heads of 15-20 flowers arranged in axillary 10-20 branched racemes; the axis 4-6 cm long, appressed pubescent, peduncles 3-4 mm long, appressed pubescent. Flowers 5—merous; calyx with - free, broad, spathulate acute or obtuse lobes 0-6-0-8 with long hairs on the margins; corolla lobes free, glabrous, acute, 1:5-2:5 times as long as calyx, (1-1-)1:2—-1:4 mm jong; stamens ca 2-5mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods linear, -£ flat, with nerve-like margins and transverse reticulate nerves, to ca 10cm long, 5:5-7 mm broad, areole closed, 2—2:2mm _ long, 0-8-1 mm broad; funicle running round top of seed to the base then folded back and thickened to form a clavate aril on one side at the base, so that the seed is encircled by the funicle.
NortH KENNEDY District: Herberton, Michael 1666. Porr Curtis DistricT: Rosedale, Jun 1928, Dovey 14. Darting Downs Districr: Braemar Creek near Kogan, Jun 1946, White Herb. Aust. 1171. BuRNeErr District: 30km SE of Gayndah, Dec 1972, Pedley 4008. Wipe Bay Districr: Gundiah, Jun 1927, White 3499. MorEeTon Districr: Taylor Range near Brisbane, Aug 1930, Hubbard 3756.
Acacia falcata is a common element of the understory of eucalypt com- munities, often on shallow stony soils, in coastal Queensland south of about Bundaberg. It extends as far as the western part of the Darling Downs district but is not common in inland districts. It also occurs in the northern part of the North Kennedy district, a disjunction of about 900 km that has also been noted in other species, for example, A. falciformis and A. fimbriata.
A, falcata is related to both A. penninervis and A. falciformis but differs from both, not only in the position of the gland, but also in its habit of growth. It is usually a single stemmed shrub, inconspicuous even when it flowers from May to July. It fruits in September, October, or even later in the year.
180. Acacia falciformis DC., Prodr. 2:452 (1825). Type: Sieber 616 (G-DC, holo; BM, iso).
A, penninervis DC, var. falciformis (DC.) Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:362 (1864); Maiden, For. Fl. N.S.W. 3:75 (1908). Based on A. falciformis DC.
A. astringens A. Cunn. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2:405 (1832). Type: Blue Mtns, Cunningham (K, holo).
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A, penninervis DC, var. normalis R. T. Baker, Proc. Linn, Soc, N.S.W. 21:440 (1896). Type: Rylstone District, Dawson (NSW, not seen).
A, penninervis var. glauca R. T. Baker, loc. cit. (1896). Type: Taloobie, Rylstone District, Jan 1893, Dawson (NSW, holo).
Tree to about 10m tall; branchlets angular glabrous and occasionally glaucous. Phyllodes coriaceous, glabrous, straight, oblong, obtuse or occasionally acute, 9—14(-17) cm long, (12—)15-30(-40) mm broad, (4—)5-7:-5(-8-5) times as long as broad, or in a variant from the Glasshouse Mountains, (2-5—)2:8—-5(-—5:5) times as long as. broad, the margins and midrib prominent, penninerved; pulvinus (2—)4—7(—10) mm long; gland rather large, a swelling with a moderately large distal orifice, (6—) 10-25 mm from the base, usually the phyllode distinctly narrowed below the gland. Heads of 15-25 flowers in 10-18—branched axillary racemes, the axis 5-8 cm long, sparsely to densely appressed pubescent, peduncles 4-8 mm with usually dense golden pubescence. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0-9-1:1 mm long with stout glabrate or occasionally pubescent tube and thickened, very short, fimbriate, golden pubescent lobes; corolla (1-6—)1-8—-2-4mm long, about twice as long as the calyx, lobed to about half the lobes sparsely to moderately appressed pubescent; stamens ca 4mm long; ovary pubescent, sometimes only sparsely so. Pod flat coriaceous glabrous with nerve-like margins and obscure transverse nerves, ca 5 cm long, 12-18 mm broad. Seeds longitudinal 5-5-6 mm long, 3:5—4 mm broad; areole almost closed; funicle thickened into basal aril.
Coox District: 12 miles [19 km] SE of Mareeba, Apr 1967, Pedley 2259, LIECHHARDT Districr: Carnarvon Creek, Apr 1962, Gittins 453. DarLING Downs District: Mt Tully, SE of Stanthorpe, Jan 1966, Pedley 1467. Moreton District: Ngun Neun, Mar 1931, Hubbard 5907.
In Queensland A. falciformis is not as common as either of its close relatives A. falcata or A. penninervis. It is conspicuous on the western slopes of the Dividing Range above about 500 m altitude south of Warwick and has been collected at slightly higher altitudes on the Atherton Tableland, but it is uncommon elsewhere. It has also been collected from the Carnarvon National Park and from near Rosedale (Port Curtis district). A variant is found on Ngun Negun, one of the Glasshouse Mountains. This has coarsely nerved phyllodes varying from 2-5 to 5-5 times as long as broad.
A. falciformis is often a larger plant than A. penninervis and A. falcata and can be distinguished from both by the appressed golden hairs on the inflorescence and usually also by its larger flowers. There appears to be two periods of flowering, January to March and in August and September.
Baker confused A. falciformis and A. penninervis, regarding A. falciformis as A. penninervis var. normalis. The confusion was discussed by Maiden who seems to have resolved the matter satisfactorily.
181. Acacia penninervis Sicb. ex DC., Prodr. 2:452 (1825); Hook., Bot. Mag. t. 2754 (1827); Maiden, For. Fl. N.S.W. 3:69 (1908), Type: Sieber 458 (G-DC, holo; BM, G, K, iso).
A. impressa A. Cunn. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. t. 1115 (1827). Type: Macquarie
River, Aug rm ,
A, penninervis DC. var. impressa (A. Cunn. ex Lindl.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot, 89:254 (1926). Based on A. impressa A. Cunn. ex Lindl.
Cunningham (K, neotypus novus).
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Small tree or shrub up to 8 m tall; branchlets glabrous, occasionally glaucous, ribbed by continuation of the pulvinuses. Phyllodes variable in texture, shape and size, sometimes coriaceous, sometimes membranous, straight or curved, broadest above the middle, sometimes not conspicuously, acute or obtuse, contracted into rather long pulvinus, glabrous, (5-5—)7—12-5(—-15) cm long, (6—)9-—-35(-50) mm wide, 2:5-12(—20) times as long as broad, midrib prominent, penninerved, gland prominent or not (3—)10-30(-40) mm from the base with a small rim and orifice, a nerve running to it from the midrib, the margin often indented at the gland; sometimes the nervature more complex particularly when the phyllodes are broad, with the connective nerve running from the midrib to the gland and thence running + parallel to the margin for some distance, sometimes the connective nerve inconspicuous; rarely a second gland present; pulvinus 2—5 mm long. Heads of 15-30 flowers in 10—30—-branched axillary racemes, the axis (3—)4-12-5 cm long, peduncles (2-5—)4—9 mm long, both glabrous or with sparse to moderately dense appressed hairs; the inflorescence sometimes compound. Flowers 5—merous; calyx (0-6—)0:7-0-9(—1:1) mm long, with membranous tube, usually with at least a few hairs and thicker incurved obtuse pubescent fimbriate lobes 0-1-O0-2mm long; corolla 1-5-2 mm long, 1-8-2:5 times as long as the calyx + glabrous, lobes ca 0-8mm long; stamens ca 4mm _ long; ovary glabrous. Pod glabrous, flat, coriaceous, with nerve-like margins and obscure transverse nerves, sometimes slightly contracted between the seeds, 10-20 cm long, (12—)15-17 mm broad. Seeds longitudinal 6-7 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, areole closed or almost so; funicle gradually thickened, running a short distance ee the apex of the seed then turning back to form a clavate aril at base of seed.
181a. A. penninervis DC. var. penninervis
Branchlets occasionally glaucous. Phyllodes coriaceous, somewhat glaucous, obtuse or sometimes acute (6-5—)8-11-5(-13) cm long (6—)9-16(-20) mm wide, 4—12(—20) times as long as broad, often inconspicuously penninerved. Heads of 20-30 flowers in 15-30 branched, glabrous racemes, the axis 4-12:5 cm long. Pod up to 15 cm long.
LEICHHARDT Disrricr: ‘Bedourie’, 45 miles [72km] SW of Rolleston, Sep 1962, Story & Yapp 285. Daritinc Downs District: Kogan, Apr 1962, Pedley 962. BURNETT District: Eidsvold, in 1911, Bancroft.
181b. A. penninervis DC. var. longiracemosa Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:254 (1926). Type: Prope Brisbane River, Dietrich (PR, holo).
Phyllodes sometimes coriaceous, sometimes rather membranous, acute or obtuse, (5-5—)7—12:5(-—15) cm long, (8—)10—35(-50) mm wide, 2-5—8(-13) times as long as broad. Heads of 15-25 flowers in 10-20 branched, glabrous racemes, the axis (3—)6—7:5cm long. Pod up to 20cm long.
Porr Curtis District: Callide Valley, Apr 1937, White 10833. Burnetr District: Mt Perry, Keys. Wine Bay District: Fraser J., Oct 1930, Hubbard 4506 & 4657. MoRETON
District: between Beerwah and Landsborough, Jun 1930, Hubbard 3120 & 3124; Taylor Range near Brisbane, Aug 1930, Hubbard 3759,
Acacia penninervis exhibits a considerable range of variation in degree of glaucosity, texture and size of phyllodes and size of inflorescences, not only between but also within populations. The species extends to the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales where, in rocky situations, the plant is no more than a small shrub with narrow phyllodes with prominent oblique nerves.
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Because I have not carried out field studies in New South Wales where species closely related to A. penninervis, A. mabellae and A. obliquinervia occur I have more or less restricted consideration of the species to its occurrence im Queensland. Because of my lack of knowledge of the species throughout its range I have not proposed any new names for infraspecific taxa.
A. penninervis var. longiracemosa usually has broader, less glaucous and less coriaceous phyllodes, larger flowers, longer racemes and shorter pods than A, penninervis var. penninervis, It is a small tree or shrub common in the understory of eucalypt open-forest in coastal districts south of about Bundaberg. It is apparently not common in New South Wales though specimens from the north Coast and central Coast districts may be referred to it.
There is some geographic pattern of variation within the variety. Plants from Bribie Island and parts of the Wide Bay District have somewhat more elongate phyllodes with the gland nearer the base, the shorter less branched inflorescences than specimens from other parts of southern Queensland.
A, penninervis var. penninervis has a more inland distribution, ranging from the Blackdown Tableland southwards into New South Wales.
Because the promixal heads of the raceme often open a_ considerable period before the distal ones, plants of A. penninervis have a prolonged flowering period. Flowering in a locality commonly extends from November to April or ocasionally even to July. Fruits are also borne for a considerable period—-May to January, though the peak seems to be August to October. Maximum production of flowers and fruits is a month or two later for var. penninervis than for var. longiracemosa.
The variability of A. penninervis has resulted in some confusion among taxonomists. Lindley’s plate of A. impressa clearly represents A. penninervis, as does Hooker’s which was published about the same time. Lindley was not sure of the origin of the name A. impressa but suggested that it was a manuscript name of Cunningham, a suggestion more or less confirmed by Hooker. Lindley probably did not retain a herbarium specimen of the plant from which his plate was drawn and a Cunningham specimen labelled A. impressa in herbarium Kew ts selected as neotype.
Bentham reduced A. falciformis DC. to varietal rank under A. penninervis and this broadening of the circumscription of the species, with the absence of type material in Australia, led to some confusion in distinguishing the taxa. Baker did not appreciate the differences between A. penninervis and A. falciformis, and what he described as A. penninervis var. normalis is A. falciformis, while his A. penninervis var. lanceolata is A. penninervis. 1 have seen no type material of A. penninervis var. lanceolata, but Maiden, who either saw type material or knew the plants to which Baker referred, seems to have resolved the confusion satisfactorily.
182. Acacia macradenia Benth. in Mitch., Trop. Aust. 360 (1848). Type: bed of rivers, sub-tropical New Holland, 31 Aug 1846, Mitchell ‘296 (K, holo).
A spreading shrub up to 4m tall; branchlets angular, glabrous, zig-zag; stipules -_ oblong, uninerved, obtuse, up to 5 mm long, at first rather membranous eventually hardened, reflexed, and + spiny. Phyllodes spreading or sometimes
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refiexed, coriaceous, with prominent midrib and margins, the midrib sometimes confluent with the lower margin at the base, penninerved the lateral nerves diverging, reticulate, tapered at each end with a definite transversely wrinkled pulvinus, (8—)13—20(—25) cm long, (8—)10—22 mm broad, 8-20 times as long as broad; a prominent rimmed linear gland (up to 3-5 mm long) at the base, occasionally with one or two small glands above the middle. Heads of 35-50 flowers in 8—15 (in cultivated specimens, ~25)—branched axillary racemes, axis glabrous 2—5cm long (8:5 in cultivated specimens), with glabrous or rarely slightly appressed pubescent peduncles 3-5 mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0:75-1:11 mm long with a few hairs on the upper half, with obtuse fimbriate lobes 0:2-0:3 long; corolla 1:6—-2-1 mm long; stamens 2-5—3-5 mm long; ovary densely long pubescent. Pod linear 8cm long, 5mm broad, glabrous, raised over the seeds alternately on each side; seeds longitudinal 4-2 mm long, 2-6 mm broad, areole open; funicle parallel to seed tolded back from top into a clavate aril, on one side at the base.
MircHEeELL Disricr: Enniskillen, Nov 1943, White 12347. SourH KENNEDY DISTRICT: 40 miles [64km] S of Alpha, Oct 1966, Hinson. LEICHHARDT Disrricr: Rockland Spring, 24 miles [38km] SSE of Blackwater, Sep 1961, Lazarides & Story 49. MARANOA DISTRICT: Amboola, ca 19 miles [30km] W of Mitchell, Oct 1948, Everist 3531. DarLING DowNs District: “Cypress Downs’, ca 10 miles [16 km] N of Jackson, Jul 1954, Everist et al. 3.
Acacia macradenia occurs on stony and sandy soils, often near creeks in the Leichhardt district and adjacent parts of other districts. It flowers during August and though its flowering period is short it is such a striking plant that it is often cultivated. Mature fruit are found in October.
The type was collected near Mitchell’s depot (Camp 29) on the Maranoa River near the present ‘Forest Vale’ homestead. This is towards the southern limit of the range of the species. Its long phyllodes and hard recurved stipules distinguish it from related species.
183. Acacia victoriae Benth. in Mitch., Trop. Aust. 333 (1848). Type: Victoria River, (Barcoo River) in 1846, Mitchell ‘620’ (K, holo).
Small tree to 5m tall with light green foliage, pale flowers and smooth bark; branchlets with fine yellow ribs, lenticellular, glabrous and sometimes glaucous or with scattered straight hairs, or villose; stipules spinose, up to 1 cm long often reduced to blunt knobs. Phyllodes glabrous or villose, coriaceous (wrinkled when dry as in A. bivenosa) with a prominent midrib, sometimes penninerved (markedly so in some specimens from north-western Queensland, e.g., Blake 6449, Brass 203 and Lazarides 3955), straight or curved, subsessile linear, abruptly contracted at the top, obtuse or occasionally retuse, with a straight or oblique mucro, 3-6:5(—8) cm long, (1-5—)2-6(—8:5) mm _ wide, (3-5-)6~—25(-50) times as long as wide; prominent gland on the margin a little distance from the base. Heads of 15~—25 flowers usually in axillary racemes of 20-25 or fewer heads, the branches in pairs, the lower ones subtended by reduced phyllodes (10 mm long, 1-5 mm wide), the upper ones subtended by short triangular bracts, the racemes sometimes apparently terminal by suppression of apical shoot or rarely truly terminal, the peduncles (10-14 mm long) then in pairs in the axils of reduced phyllodes; bracteoles similar to calyx lobes. Flowers 5—merous; calyx lobes free, widely spreading, narrowly spathulate, the claw about twice as long as the obtuse, fimbriate lamina (0:5—)0-6-0°75 mm long; corolla glabrous 1-3-1-7 mm long with lobes 0-7—-0-9 mm long, papillose on the margins; stamens 4:5 mm long filaments dark in the upper half; ovary
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glabrous. Pods 3-8 cm long, 1-2—1-6cm wide, valves membrous glabrous, raised over the sced, margins thickened; seeds transverse +: globular, 4-6mm_ long, 2:3-4mm wide, up to about 4mm thick, dark brown; areole broad, open; funicle thickened folded 1, 2 or 3 times forming rather massive cupular hilum on one side of seed at base.
183a. A. victoriae subsp. victoriae
A. sentis F. Muell., Pl. Victoria 2:18 (1863), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 3:128 (1859), pro syn. Maiden, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 30:29 (1918). Type: Victoria River, Mueller 19 (K, iso).
A. sentis var. victoriae (Benth.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:254 (1926), nom, illeg. Based on A. victoriae Benth.
A. hanniana Domin, op. cit. 807 (1926). Type: Palmer River, Hann 57, Cape York Peninsula Expedition (K, holo).
Branchlets glabrous or occasionally, on young plants only, with scattered hairs; phyllodes glabrous,
BurRKE District: Mt Isa, Nov 1949, MacFarlane; Hughenden, Oct 1935, Blake 993. Cook Districr: ca 12 miles [19 km] W of Mt Carbine, Oct 1962, Sith 12056. Nortu KENNEDY DisTRIcr: .near Townsville, Aug 1942, Smith T58. Grecory NortH District: ‘Warenda’, NE of Boulia, Jun 1934, Blake 6488. MircHeLt Districr: ‘Duniera’, 14 miles [22km] SE of Blackall, Aug 1935, Everist 1285. SourH KENNEpY Disrricr: 9 miles ESE of “Tango” [ca 20km WNW of Bogantungan], Sep 1964, Adams 1315. LEicHHARDT DISTRICT: 18 miles [29km] S of Emerald, Aug 1964, Johnson 2804. Warreco District: ‘Oakwood’, 90km + N of Charleville, Bailey, MAraNoa District: Hodgson, Sep 1961, Morrow 32. DarRLING DowNs District: Bulgowan district, 12 miles [19km] N of Oakey, Oct 1966, Ward 347.
183b. *A. victoriae subsp. arida Pedley. Type: Gregory South District: Poeppel Corner, 26°S 138°E, Sep 1966, Boyland 254 (BRI, holo; K, iso).
Misapplied name: A. brachybotrya auct. non Benth.; Pedley, Contrib. Qd Herb. 4:6 (1969).
Branchlets and phyllodes of mature plants villose with soft spreading hairs ()-2-0-3 mm long.
Queensland. Grecory SourH Disrricr: ‘Cacoory’, 75km N of Birdsville, Oct 1977, Pedley 4475. Northern Territory. 33 miles [53km] S of ‘Napperby’ Stn, Sep 1956, Lazarides 6C96; Heavitree Range 32 miles [51 km] W of Alice Springs, Sep 1969, Gittins 2009. South Australia. Mt Lyndhurst, Oct 1898, Koch 5. New South Wales: WeEsTERN PLAINs Division: Broken Hill, Oct 1919, Morris 58; Darling River, 28 Oct 1869. Beckler (BM).
Acacia victoriae (gundabluey) is widely distributed in Queensland, but does not occur in Cape York Peninsula north of about 16°S latitude or in coastal parts of the south-east. Most flowering specimens have been collected from August to October and fruiting ones from August to December but there seems to be some variation in time of flowering and fruiting.
*Acacia victoriae subsp. arida subspecies nova. Ramuli phyllodiaque plantarum maturarum villosi pilis patentibus 0:2-0-3mm longis ornati. Typus: Boyland 254 (BRI, holotypus; K, isotypus).
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The species is a variable one. A. victoriae subsp. arida is characterised by its tomentose branchlets and phyllodes. It also tends to have broader and more distinctly penninerved phyllodes than does A. virtoriae subsp. victoriae but there is considerable overlap. A. victoriae subsp. arida occurs in the southern part of the Northern Territory, northern part of South Australia, the western part of New South Wales and probably Victoria, and south-western Queensland. In Queensland A. victoriae subsp. victoriae is usually found on grey cracking-clay soils in Astrebla grassland or on fine-textured alluvial soils (except Lazarides 3955 trom coastal dunes north-west of Normanton), whereas Acacia victoriae subsp. arida is usually found on sand, dunefield with A. aneura or on the lower slopes of degraded dunes. Populations intermediate between the two subspecies have been seen at Quilpie and Windorah. Young plants are tomentose, mature ones glabrous. Intermediates can be expected to occur in other areas where the subspecies meet.
The lack of indumentum is rather trivial character on which to differentiate taxa, but it is correlated with differences in geographical and ecological ranges and the recognition of subspecies is warranted.
A. murrayana resembles A. victoriae in having broad pods with transverse seeds and narrow -+ free calyx lobes but it lacks the stipular spines and paired peduncles. Maiden noted a confusion between A. sentis (— A. victoriae) and A. decora but the two species differ so much in characters of the phyllodes, inflorescences, flowers and pods that they are nowadays rarely confused.
The holotype of A. hanniana consists of a flowering specimen, which I should refer without doubt to A. victoriae, mounted on a sheet to which is attached a small packet containing seeds. As Domin pointed out in a footnote to his description of A. hanniana the seeds are not those of Acacia. They could well be Distichostemon sp. (Sapindaceac) as suggested by Domin, possibly D. malvaceus described by Domin from a Hann collection.
184. Acacia bivenosa DC., Prod. 2:452 (1825), Leg. Mem. 448 (1827) (‘biner- vosa’). Type: Nouv. Hollande cote orient., Mus. de Paris, 1821 (G-DC, holo; BM, iso).
A. bivenosa DC. subsp. wayi (Maiden) Pedley, Austrobaileya 1:28 (1977). Based on A. salicina var. wayi Maiden, Trans. Roy. Soc. Sth Aust. 32:277 (1908) (‘Wayae’). Syntype: Marion Bay, Sep 1907, Rogers (KK, iso).
Misapplied name: A. ligulata auct. non A. Cunn. ex Benth; J. M. Black, Trans. Roy. Soc. Sth Aust. 44:375 (1920).
Shrub; branchlets somewhat glaucous, angular with yellowish ribs especially below the insertion of the phyllodes or with patches of straight hairs ca 0-1 mm long, stipules none. Phyllodes coriaceous, glabrous, closely wrinkled (at least when dry), apiculate, linear, straight or somewhat curved, the midrib prominent, a prominent gland 7-25 mm from the base, a second smaller one near the apical mucro, (in Queensland specimens) 2—10cm long, 3-11(—I14) mm wide, 2-20 times as long as wide. Flowers in heads of 15-20 arranged in 4—6—branched racemes sometimes growing out into leafy shoots; the axis glabrous or with moderately dense appressed or spreading hairs (10-)20-35 mm _ long, the peduncles 4-10 mm or more long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx truncate fimbriate ca 1mm long, slightly lobed when old; corolla 2:6-3 mm long lobed to the middle, glabrous; stamens ca 4mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod thick, woody, 80 mm long, 9 mm broad, slightly moniliform. Seeds longitudinally arranged, ca 5mm long, 3:5mm wide with a fairly large open areole; funicle red, once folded forming fleshy aril beneath seed.
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Burke DisrricT: 15 miles [24km] NE of Duchess, Sep 1953, Lazarides 4027, Grecory NortH District: ‘Kallala’ (ca 20°S 139°E), Nov 1947, Everist 3221. Grecory SouTH District: Thylungra, ca 75 miles [120km] NW of Quilpie, Oct 1955, Everist 5780. WaARREGO Disrrict: 7 miles [11 km] W of ‘Dynevor Downs’, Sep 1967, Pedley 2466,
In Queensland there are two well marked variants with distinct geographic ranges and with different ecological requirements. When the species (subsp. bivenosa and subsp. wayi) is considered throughout its range in the more arid parts of Australia, however, these variants are part of a complex series of intergrades, and therefore have not been given any formal status.
The southern variant has phyllodes 4-10cm long and 6-20 times as long as wide. It is an attractive shrub with dense bright green fleshy foliage found almost invariably on loose wind-blown sands in the south-western part of the state as far north as about 22°S lat. This is the plant known generally in Queensland as A. ligulata.
The northern variant is a less attractive greyish shrub usually on skeletal soils often derived from limestone. It is restricted to a small area in the north-western part of Gregory North and south-western part of Burke (Cloncurry— Camooweal) districts. Its phyllodes are 2-4cm long and about 2-6 times as long as wide.
Both variants flower from about August to October and fruits mature about two months later.
There has been considerable confusion about the identity of A. ligulata, possibly because the type specimens are rather poor. Bentham (Fl. Aust. 2 : 367. 1964) considered it and A. salicina to be conspecific and cited specimens of both species. Somewhat relunctantly he treated A. varians as a variety of A. salicina. Maiden accepted Bentham’s synonymy and (e.g. Forest Fl. N.S.W. 4: 148. 1911) referred to A. salicina, at least in part, as A. salicina var. varians. He recognized however that there was a taxon distinct from A. salicina which he described as A. salicina var. wayi (‘Wayae’).
Black (Trans. Roy. Soc. 44: 375. 1920) tried to clarify the matter. He considered that A. ligulata and A. salicina were different species and that A. salicina var. wayi should be referred to A. ligulata. There can be no doubt that A. Ifgulata and A. salicina are distinct species. A. ligulata however is not the plant described by Maiden as A. salicina var. wayi, but is probably conspecific with A. rostellifera, a Western Australian species.
In Queensland A. bivenosa subsp. wayi is rarely confused with A. salicina, if only because of their different habitats. The other subspecies of A. bivenosa is restricted to Western Australia.
185. Acacia salicina Lindl. in Mitch., Three Exped. 2:20 (1838); Black, Trans. Roy. Soc. Sth Aust. 44:375 (1920). Type: Lachlan River (33°15’S. 147°33’E) 30 Mar 1836, Mitchell (CGE).
A. varians Benth. in Mitch., Trop. Aust. 132 (1848). Type: Subtropical New Holland, 6 Apr 1846, Mitchell 104 (K, lectotypus novus).
A. salicina Lindl. var. varians Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:367 (1864). Based on A. varians Benth.
Tree to 12m, but usually considerably less; branchlets slightly angular, glabrous, sometimes glaucous. Phyllodes glabrous and sometimes glaucous, midnerve prominent, distinctly penninerved, extremely variable in shape and
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size even on a single shoot, linear to elliptic, acute 4-5-16:5cm_ long, 3--25(-32) mm broad, (2—)4—25{—32) times as long as broad. Flowers in heads of 15-—25(-30) flowers arranged in axillary 3—8—branched racemes; the axis glabrous or rarely scurfy or appressed pubescent (10—)20-—50(—65) mm long; the peduncles (occasionally in pairs) 5-15 mm long; bracteoles obtuse glabrous, concave, ca 1:4 mm long, 0:8 mm broad. Flowers 5—merous; calyx broad conic; 1:J-1:4mm long, truncate or with very short obtuse fimbriate or glabrous lobes; corolla cylindric 2:3-2:9mm long with lobes 0-7-1 mm long; stamens 4-5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods glaucous, thick, oblong, constricted only where seed is aborted, 5—8 cm long, 1 cm broad; seed longitudinal ca 6mm long, 4:5 mm broad; areole closed; the funicle thin, folded at base of seed, red.
BuRKE Disrricr: Hughenden, Jun 1934, Blake 6257 & 6271, NorrH KENNEDY DISTRICT: near junction of Broughton and Burdekin Rivers, Jan 1931, Hubbard & Winders 6977. Grecory NorTH Districr: ‘Headingly’, May 1948, Perry 853. MircHeLL Districr: ‘Lara’, 27 miles [43 km] SW of Barcaldine, Nov 1939, Everist 1913. SourH KENNEDY DistTricr: ‘Laglan’, May 1964, Adams 992. LeEIcHHARDY Disrricr: Emerald, Jul 1934, Blake 6914. Port Curtis Disrricr: 8 miles [13 km] NNW of Marlborough, Jun 1963, Lazarides 6887. GREGORY SouTH District: ‘Cornwall’, 200 miles [320 km] W of Charleville, Apr 1934, Blake 5516. Warreco District: Cunnamulla, Apr 1934, Blake 5604. MaraNnoa District: ‘Noondoo’, Dec 1934, Everist 838. DarLiINnG Downs District: Dalby, May 1933, White 9014. BuRNETT District: Mt Perry, Keys 263. MoreTon Districr: Coulsen, Jun 1934, Michael 2043.
Acacia salicina is a common and widely spread species in inland districts of eastern Australia. In Queensland it has not been found north of about 19°S latitude but is found in all pastoral districts except Cook. In arid and semi-arid areas it is confined to creek and river banks, usually on coarse textured soils, but in subcoastal districts 1t also occurs away from streams, sometimes on find textured soils, and in coastal districts near Rockhampton and west of Brisbane it is a component of eucalypt communities on soils of various textures, often not associated with alluvium.
The plant has a long flowering period which varies somewhat from year to year. The peak of flowering appears to be from April to June and fruit are borne in the second half of the year.
Two specimens from central Queensland have notes which indicate that the ash of the foliage was smoked or chewed with tobacco by aborigines producing a narcotic effect.
Bentham believed A. salicina and A. ligulata to be conspecific. He did however recognize A. varians as a distinct taxon and reduced it, somewhat reluctantly, to varietal rank under A. salicina. Bentham was generally followed though the matter was confused. Black considered that A. salicina and A. ligulata were distinct and that the name A. salicina had been misapplied. He did not clarify the matter completely, however, as the plant called A. ligulata by Black is A. bivenosa subsp. wayi.
There are several specimens collected by Mitchell on the Balonne River, all seen by Bentham, and though Mitchell stated that A. varians was collected at St George’s Bridge (site of the present town of St George), I have selected as lectotype a specimen collected a little south-west of St George.
A. bivenosa subsp. wayi is undoubtedly closely related to A. salicina, but they are strikingly different in characters of the pod. A. ampliceps, a species not found in Queensland, is also closely related.
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186. Acacia saligna (Labill.) H. Wendl., Comm. Acac. 4:26 (1820); Maslin, Nuytsia 1:332 (1974). Based on Mimosa saligna Labill., Nov. Holl. Pi, Spec. 2:86 (1807). Lectotype (selected by Maslin): “Terra Diemen. Herb. Webbianum ex Herb. Labillardiere’—left hand specimen (FI, not seen. Photograph in Maslin).
A, cyanophylla Lindl., Bot. Reg. 25: Misc. 45 ate Type: Swan River, Mangles (CGE, holo: not seen),
Shrub or tree to 8 m tall; branchlets somewhat pendulous terete. Phyllodes variable (see Maslin), 8-25 cm long, 4-20 cm wide, in Queensland plants usually ca 10 times as long as wide, penninerved; gland rather large, at base of phyllode; pulvinus 1-2 mm long. Heads of usually ca 40 flowers in (1—)5—12~—branched axillary racemes, the axis to ca 5cm long. Flowers + glabrous, 5~—merous. Pod flat, straight slightly contracted between the seeds, up to 12cm _ long, 4-6mm wide. Seeds longitudinal; funicle yellowish, clavate, straight.
MorETON District: South Stradbroke I., 27°50’S 153°25’E, Jun 1976, Dowling & Elsol 8.
Acacia saligna is a Western Australian species which has been planted in northern New South Wales to stabilize coastal sands after mining. It is now naturalized in places in N.S.W. and in a few localities in southern Queensland.
It may be confused with A. salicina which has somewhat thicker phyllodes, smaller paler heads of flowers and a red aril.
187. “Acacia holotricha Pedley. Type: Leichhardt District: ‘Glenhaughton’ Station ca 55 km NW Taroom, Oct 1974, Clarkson & Crossman 70A (BRI, holo; K, iso).
Shrub to 5m tall; branchlets + ribbed, villose; stipules linear, indurated, up to lcm Jong. Phyllodes acute elliptic + straight, slightly oblique at the base, pilose especially on midribs and margin, 12-15 cm long, 3:5—5 cm wide, 2°5-~-3:5 times as long as wide conspicuously coarsely penninerved; gland small near the base; pulvinus 6—10 mm long. Heads in pilose 7-10—branched axillary racemes, axis 4—8cm long, branches 2-4mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 1-Smm long with subglabrous tube and densely appressed pubescent obtuse lobes 0-5 mm long; corolla 2-2 mm long with densely pubescent lobes; stamens ca 4mm long; ovary hirsute. Pod (immature) up to 10cm long, linear, densely pilose, flat, slightly contracted between longitudinal seeds.
Acacia holotricha is known only from the type collection which consists of old flowers and extremely immature pods. It resembles A. bancroftii A, macradenia hybrids but the hybrids are less pubescent.
“A, holotricha species nova forsan affinis A. bancroftii Maiden et A. macradeniae Benth, sed a speciebus uninervibus ceteris magnitudine et indumento phyllodiorum differt. Typus: Clarkson et Crossman 70A (BRI, holotypus; K, isotypus).
Frutex usaue ad 5 m altus; ramuli + costati villosi; stipulae lineares induratae usque ad lcm longae. Phyllodia acuta elliptica ++ recta basi leviter oblique pilosa praecipue in costa et margine, 12-15 cm longa, 3:5—5 cm lata, 2:5—3-5—plo longiora quam lata, conspicue grosse penninervia; glans parva basin versus; pulvinus 6-10 mm longus. Capitula in racemis pilosis 7-10-ramosis axe 4-8cm longo et ramulis 2-4 mm longis disposita. Flores 5-meri; calyx 1-5 mm longus ex tubo subglabro et lobis obtusis dense appresse pubescentibus 0-5 mm longis constans; stamina circa 4mm longa; ovarium hirsutum. Legumen (immaturum) usque ad 10cm longum lineare dense pilosum planum leviter contractum inter semina longitudinalia.
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188. Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don, Gen Syst. 2:405 (1832); Summer- hayes, Bot. Mag. 163:9604 (1940). Type: Birnam Range, Brisbane River,
Jul ae Cunningham (K, holo; BM, iso).
A, fraseri Hook., Ic, Plant. 2:t.171 (1837). Type: Logan River, Cunningham
28 7829 ° (K, holo).
Tree to 5m, branchlets glaucous, with dense rigid hairs 0:4—-0-6 mm long or very. rarely glabrous. Phyllodes with indumentum of dense straight hairs, sometimes -absent on older phyllodes, elliptic or ovate, acute obtuse or rarely retuse, mucronulate, sometimes slightly undulate, midrib nearer dorsal margin, penninerved, 2-5 cm long, 10-20(-—27) mm broad 1-4~2-5 times as long as broad; pulvinus 1—2 mm long; gland usually inconspicuous, no more than an elevated rim with an extremely small orifice, (S—)8—20 mm from the base. Heads of 20-30 flowers in 10—20(—25)—branched racemes with indumentum similar to that of the branchlets, axis 5-9 cm long, peduncles 4-7 mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx (Q-75~-)0-85—-1 mm long, consisting of glabrous (rarely sub- glabrous) tube and stiffly hairy or rarely fimbriate obtuse lobes 0:2-0:3 mm long; corolla (1:5-)1-6-1-9 mm long, 1-6-2(-2-3) times as long as the calyx, glabrous except for stiffly hairy (rarely glabrous) lobes 0:7-0:8 mm _ long; stamens 3—4:mm long; ovary with indumentum of moderately dense to scattered hairs, rarely hairs only at the base or glabrous. Pod up to 9cm long, ca 2 cm broad, glaucous softly hairy, flat with prominent margins; seeds longitudinal 6:5—7:5 mm long, 3—4 mm broad with a prominent open oblong areole; funicle thickened into clavate aril.
LEICHHARDT Districr: Blackdown Tableland, 23°50’S 149°Q5S’E, Sep 1971, Henderson et al, 1113; Carnarvon Creek Gorge, May 1962, Johnson 2403. Porr Curtis Districr: West Mt Morgan, Jul 1938, Goy 322. DarLING Downs Disrrict: Thulimbah, Sep 1933, White 9241, BurNett Disrricr: Mundubbera-Brovinia Road, ca 33 miles [53 km] S of Mundubbera, Jul 1959, Johnson 899. Wipe Bay District: Gundiah, Jun 1927, White 3500, MoreTon Districr: Little Liverpool Range, Jul 1930, Hubbard 3239.
Acacia podalyriifolia is the most commonly cultivated species of Acacia in Queensland gardens. It is an attractive species even when not in flower but it is often attacked by sooty mould. In the northern and western parts of its range, namely Blackdown Tableland, Isla Gorge and Carnarvon Range it is more or less restricted to quartzose sandstone, but it is also found on granite at Crows Nest and near Stanthorpe, and near Brisbane it occurs on rocks of various types. It is so commonly cultivated in Brisbane, however, that many plants may have been derived from garden escapes.
The main period of flowering is June-July, but it varies from year to year and flowers are sometimes found as late as September. Cultivated plants at Toowoomba and Stanthorpe flower about a month later than those in Brisbane. Fruit have been collected from October to December but it is noteworthy that even in such a conspicuous widespread species, only about one fifth of the specimens at BRI bear fruit.
A. jucunda and A. uncifera are both closely related but are distinguished by the distribution and type of indumentum, the position of the foliar glands, and size of flowers.
2t7
189, Acacia uncifera Benth. in. Mitch., Trop. Aust. 341 (1848). Type: Foot of sandstone mountains 25°S 147°10’E, NW of Mt Playfair, 11 Sep 1846, Mitchell ‘290’ (K, holo).
Shrub; branchlets terete, velvety with dense spreading hairs ca 1 mm long. Phyllodes coriaceous, with dense soft spreading hairs particularly on midrib and margins, oblong or narrow ovate, apiculate, (2-5—)3-5 cm _ long, (8—) 12-15 mm broad, 2—4 times as long as broad, faintly penninerved; pulvinus ca 2mm long; glands small but with distinct brown cartilaginous rim, rather similar to those of A. podalyriifolia, usually 3, the lowest 1-3 mm from the base, the second $ to 4+ way, the most distant 4 to # way along phyllode, often difficult to see because of the hairs. Heads of ca 30 flowers in densely pubescent axillary racemes with 12-20 branches, the axis 5—-8cm long, the peduncles 5mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx rather narrowly obconic 1-1-3 mm long with densely pubescent lobes 0:3-0-4mm long, corolla 1-6—-1:8 mm_ long, corrolla 1-6-1-8 mm long, pubescent in the upper third; stamens ca 4 mm long; ovary densely pubescent. Pod to ca 6:5 cm long, 6-10 mm wide, flat, raised over the seeds, velvety. Seeds slightly oblique, funicle folded back from about the middle of the seed to form an oblique clavate aril.
MITCHELL District: Burra Range, 20°40’S 145°10’E, Jun 1973, Hockinges 54.
The distribution of A. uncifera is puzzling. The specimens at BRI are all from the Pentland—Torrens Creek area where it is reported (A. Chapman, pers. comm.) that the species is common in places. The type locality, however, is the headwaters of the Nogoa River, 550 km from the area where all subsequent collections that I have seen have been made. Flowers have been collected in June, July and September.
A. uncifera is closely related to A. jucunda and A. podalyriifolia but can be distinguished from both by its dense long spreading hairs on the branchlets and phyllodes, and the multiple foliar glands.
190. Acacia cultriformis A. Cunn. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2:406 (1832); Hook., Ic. Plan. t.170 (1838); Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:375 (1864). Type: Hunter
River, Cunningham sor (K, holo; BM, iso).
Spindiy shrub about 4m tall; branchlets rather thick, glabrous, angular. Phyllodes crowded along branches, coriaceous, lower margin straight or slightly curved, upper margin sharply curved with a gland at or slightly below broadest part of phyllode, glabrous, 2-3 cm long, 10-14 mm wide, 2—2-5 times as long as broad, midrib close to lower margin, reticulately penninerved; gland pustular, swelling with rather large orifice; pulvinus ca 0-5 mm long. Heads of 25-35 heads in axillary glabrous 8—J5—branched racemes, axis 2:5-5:5cm_ long, peduncles 2-5—3-5 mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0:8 mm long with a few hairs on the tube with fimbriate lobes ca 0-2mm long; corolla 1-5-1:7 mm long with free glabrous lobes; stamens 2:5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod flat, glaucous, raised over the seeds 5—7 cm long, ca 7 mm wide. Seeds longitudinal 3-5mm long, 2:3 mm broad, with areole almost closed; funicle not folded, but thickened into clavate aril beneath seed.
DarLING Downs Districr: 8 miles [13 km] NE of Mt Jibbenbar, Feb 1963, Ped/ey 1212.
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Acacia cultriformis is not common in Queensland. It occurs in the Inglewood —Stanthorpe area and flowers in September. Bentham regarded A. cultriformis and A. scapuliformis A. Cunn. ex G. Don as being conspecific but he was able to distinguish the two. He referred to A. scapuliformis as the ‘specimens with broader and shorter phyllodia’ and, in discussing A. glaucifolia Meisn., as the ‘short-leaved form of A. cultriformis’. A. scapuliformis can be distinguished from A. cultriformis by its generally shorter, thicker phyllodes with less con- spicuous nerves and glands, its larger heads and more deeply lobed calyx. It should perhaps be recognized as a subspecies. I am not prepared to take such a step, which would affect the name of a widely cultivated plant, without examining more material from New South Wales. I have not seen the type of A. glaucifolia but from its description it appears, (as we suggested by Bentham) to be A. scapuliformis.
The type (lectotype) of A. scapuliformis in herbarium Kew bears the label ‘Dumaresque River 78 A.C. see list 1829’ and across the top of the sheet there is another label which reads: ‘A. scapuliformis albido-furacea phyllodiis scalero-triangularis v. dimiato ellipticis acutis mucronatis uninervis, latero supere curva v. anguloso uniglandulifero, racemis elongatis axillaribus terminalibusque. A shrub of robust habit on the banks of the Dumaresque River in lat. 29° long.
1512°, July ae Cunningham’s manuscripts at Kew show that No. 78 was
ay in fact from the Hunter River, and that No. 72, to which the notes apply, was from the Dumaresque River. A specimen, segregated as a type, at the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), and doubtlessly a duplicate of the specimen
3
at Kew is labelled: ‘Banks of Dumaresque River, A. Cunningham. iS. The type is therefore No. 72 from the Dumaresque. :
191. Acacia jucunda Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 38:119 (1927). Syntypes: Knockbreak Station near Eidsvold, Sep 1918, Bancroft (BM, iso}; Aug 1918, Bancroft (BRI, tso).
Tree to 8 m tall; branchlets angular, glaucous, with indumentum of moderately dense, very short spreading hairs (ca 0-1 mm long) or rarely glabrous. Phyllodes straight obovate, obtuse or retuse, mucronulate, glaucous with indumentum of short hairs on margins at base, along midrib, rarely over whole lamina or quite glabrous, (3:5—-)4:5-5:5(-—6:5) cm long, 11-20mm broad, (2—)2-4—-4(—5) times as long as broad, penninerved; pulvinus 3—5 mm long; gland prominent, a large swelling with rather a small orifice at the distal end, up to 2mm from the base and the margin sometimes markedly indented. Heads of 16-24 flowers in 10-20—branched racemes with indumentum similar to that of branchlets or glaucous, axis 3-S cm long, peduncles 2:5—5 mm long; bracteole about as long as the calyx, peltate. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0:5—0-65 mm long, consisting of a tube, glabrous or with a few short hairs and obtuse lobes ca 0-25 mm long, fimbriate or rarely glabrous; corolla 1-3~-1:5(-1-85) mm long, 2-2—2-25(—2-8) times as long as the calyx with lobes ca 1mm long, sometimes papillose on the margins; stamens ca 3mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod glaucous, glabrous, flat, raised over the seeds alternatively on each side, up to 7-5cm long, 8-10 mm broad; seeds longitudinal, 4-6 mm long, 2-:3-3:3mm _ broad with the areole open but constricted near the base; funicle thickened into clavate oblique basal a LEICHHARDT District: Wallaroo Creek, Boxvale, Jensen. DarLtinc Downs District: Moonie Highway, S of Tara, Oct 1960, Pedfey 706. BuRNeTr District: ‘Narayen’ ca 23 miles 137 km] SW of Eidsvold, Aug 1968, Tothill.
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Acacia jucunda is an attractive species which is cultivated to some extent in Queensland gardens. It occurs on loams or clay-loams in eucalypt communities often adjacent to open forest of A. harpophylla and ranges from near Eidsvold southwards to the Tara-Moonie area. There is one specimen from north of
Injune. The plant flowers from July to September and fruits two to three months later.
A. everistii is closely related to A. jucunda, and both differ from A. podalyriifolia and A. uncifera in lacking the indumentum of rather long spreading hairs.
192. “Acacia everistii Pedley. Type: Leichhardt District: 13 miles [21 km] from
Cracow on Taroom Road, Aug 1962, Johnson & Everist 2488 (BRI, holo).
A sparingly branched shrub to 3 m tall; branchlets slender angular glabrous and often glaucous; stipules small triangular caducous. Phyllodes elliptic or obovate, obtuse or sometimes slightly retuse, mucronulate, glabrous and often glaucous, penninerved, 2:5-5(—6) cm long, 1-2 cm wide, 2-4-5 times as long as broad; gland prominent, consisting of thickened rim and smail orifice, 7-20 mm from base; pulvinus 1-2 mm Jong. Heads of 12-18 flowers in 12—24~-branched glabrous axillary racemes, the axis 3~8cm long, the peduncles 3-4 mm _ long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx = pubescent 0°6-0-S8mm long with broad obtuse somewhat incurved lobes 0-1-O0:2 mm long; corolla 1:1-1-5mm long about twice as long as calyx; stamens 3-4 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod flat with
thickened margins, up to 9 cm long, 8-9 mm broad; seeds (not seen), probably longitudinal.
LEICHHARDT District: Expedition Range, Aug 1960, Gittins 357. Burnett District: Mundubbera—Brovinia Road, ca 38 miles [60 km] from Mundubbera, Jul 1959, Johnson 901.
Acacia everistit is not a common species. It has been collected from sand- stone areas in the Burnett and southern part of the Leichhardt district. It flowers in August and September and fruits in October and November.
Herbarium specimens have previously been identified as A. jucunda, but the lack of indumentum and the position of the foliar gland distinguish A. everistii from A. jucunda. The two are rarely confused in the field because A, jucunda is a larger, much more branched tree usually found on finer textured soils. A specimen from Blackdown Tableland (/lenderson et al. 930) is referred to A. everistii with considerable doubt. Its racemes have fewer branches (5—7) and its flowers are significantly larger, calyx 1 mm long.
* Acacia everistii species nova affinis A. jucundae Maiden & Blakely phyllodiis glabris glande prominenti' e basi 7-20mm deposito differt. Typus: Jofmson & Everist 2488 (BRI, holo).
Frutex parce ramosus usque ad 3m altus; ramulosi tenues angulares glabri et saepe glauci; stipulae parvae triangulares caducae. Phyllodia ellipitica obovatave, obtusa vel interdum leviter retusa mucronulata glabra et saepe glauca, penninervia, 2-5-6(—6) cm longa, 1-2cm lata, 2-4-5-plo longiora quam latiora; glans prominens 7-20mm e basi locatus e margine incrassato et orificio parvo constans; pulvinus 1~2mm longus. Capitula 12-18-flora in racemos 12-24-ramosos glabros axillares axe 3-8cm longo, pedunculis 3-4mm _ longis instructos disposita. Flores 5—-meri; calyx + pubescens 0:6-0:8 mm longus lobis 0:1-0-2mm longis, latis obtusis aliquantum incurvis instructus; corolla 1-1-1!-5 mm longa calyce circa duplo longior; stamina 3-4mm longa; ovarium glabrum. Legumen planum marginibus incrassatis usque ad 9cm longum, 8-9 mm latum; semina (non visa) probabiliter longitudinalia.
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193. Acacia semilunata Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 38:118 (1927), Type: Knockbreak Station via Chinchilla, Aug 1918, Bancroft (NSW, holo; BM, BRI, K, iso).
Small tree or shrub to ca 5m tall; branchlets terete sometimes glaucous, usually with moderately dense straight hairs (ca 0-25mm long) rarely with few hairs or glabrous. Phyllodes glaucous, glabrous except for a few hairs on the margin at base, slightly falcate, usually asymmetric with midrib nearer lower margin, dorsal margin more curved, abruptly contracted at base, obliquely apiculate, 1-5-3(—3-5) cm long, (3-5—)5—9(-10:5) mm wide, (2—)2-5-4(-—6) times as long as wide; pulvinus 0:5-1-5 mm long; gland consisting of a thickening of the margin with a small orifice 6-12(—17)} mm from the base, absent from about a quarter of phyllodes, but rarely from all phyllodes of one plant. Heads of 15-20 flowers in glabrous (or rarely subglabrous) 15—30—branched axillary racemes much longer than the phyllodes, sometimes forming a terminal panicle, axis 5-10 cm long, peduncles 3-5 mm long; bracteoles and peltate. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0-5-—0-7(-0°8) mm long with tube glabrous or with a few long hairs and broad obtuse fimbriate lobes ca 0-2 mm long; corolla 1-5—1-8 mm long, 2:5—-3 times as long as the calyx, with free glabrous lobes sometimes papillose on the margin with prominent midrib; stamens 3-5-4 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods linear flat glaucous, up to 8cm long, ca 4mm broad; seeds longitudinal, 4-4-5 mm long, 2 mm broad, areole open pale yellow; funicle not folded but thickened into oblique basal aril.
DaRLiING Downs Districr: Barakula, Sep 1948, Blake 1825; near Inglewood, Sep 1934, White 12823,
Acacia semilunata is virtually restricted to the western part of the Darling Downs district from north of Miles and Chinchilla to about Inglewood. The type was collected at Knockbreak Station, north-west of Eidsvold, but I have seen no other specimens from the Burnett district. It is most common on sandy soils in eucalypt communities. It is an attractive plant when in flower in July and August.
Its nearest relative appears to be A. cultriformis which is a glabrous plant with phyllodes markedly angled on the upper margin. A. cultriformis is less common in Queensland than A. semilunata,
194. Acacia buxifolia A. Cunn. in Field, Geogr. Mem. N.S.W. 344 (1825). Type: Pine (Callitris) Ridges, Macquarie River, Oct a Cunningham (K, holo),
A, neglecta Maiden & R. T, Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 19:163 t. 13 (1894). Type: Mt Vincent, comm. Baker (BRI, K, iso).
Shrub; branchlets angular, reddish, glabrous. Phyllodes coriaceous, glabrous or with a few hairs on the pulvinus, narrow oblong or sometimes broadest above the middle and then obovate, obtuse mucronulate or acute, (1:2—)1:5-3:5 cm long, 3-5-8 mm broad, 2-5-4 times as long as broad, slightly penninerved when broad; pulvinus ca 1 mm long; gland consisting of a swelling of the margin with a small proximal orifice, 0-5-1 cm from the base. Heads of 12-20 flowers in glabrous axillary 4—10—-branched racemes; axis 0-8—4:5cm long, peduncles 3--6(—-8) mm long; bracteoles peltate. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0:6—-0-8 mm long rather membraneous with broad fimbriate lobes ca 0:2 mm long, glabrous or pubescent; corolla lobes glabrous or with appressed white hairs. Pod glaucous, ca 65cm Jong, 9mm wide; seeds longitudinal, not seen when mature.
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194a, A. buxifolia subsp. buxifolia
Phyllodes glabrous, + acute, 1-4-1-9(-2-5) cm long, 3-5-6 mm broad, 3—4-5 times as long as broad; gland 4-8 mm from the base or sometimes absent. Heads of ca 12 flowers in 4-6(—8)-branched axillary racemes; axis 0:8—4-5 cm long, peduncles 4-6(—8) mm long; calyx 0:6-0-7 mm long, a few long hairs on the back, corolla 1-7 mm long, 2-3-3 times as Jong as the calyx.
DARLING Downs Disrricr: near Stanthorpe, Sep 1956, Shea S25.
194b. *A. buxifolia subsp. pubiflora Pedley. Type: Darling Downs District: Gurulmundi, 26°26’S 149°58’E, Aug 1973, Pedley 4125 (BRI, holo).
Phyllodes glabrous or rarely with a few long hairs on the pulvinus, broadest above the middle, obtuse mucronulate, (1-2—)1-6-3-5cm long, 4—-7(—8 mm wide, (2-5—)3—5 times as long as broad; gland ca 5-10 mm from the base, never absent. Heads of about 20 flowers in 5—10—branched glabrous axillary racemes, the axis 2-4-5 cm long and peduncles 4-5 mm long. Calyx 0:6—0-8 mm long, pubescent with hairs ca 0:15 mm long; corolla 1-3-1:5 mm long, 1:7-2:1 times as long as the calyx.
LEICHHARDT District: Nogoa River, 9 miles [14km] E of ‘Mt Playfair’, Jul 1966, Gittins T9,. BuRNEtTr District: ‘Brovinia? near Mundubbera, Sep-Oct 1926, Young. ~ MorETON District: Lockyer, Sep 1957, Montgomery.
Acacia buxifolia subsp, buxifolia is found in Queensland only on granitic soils near Stanthorpe. A. buxifolia subsp. pubifiora is more widely, though sporadically, distributed, usually on sandstone as far north as ‘Mt Playfair’ east of Tambo. A specimen from the Severn River near Stanthorpe is somewhat intermediate between the two subspecies. Flowering occurs between August and September, or later in the Stanthorpe area.
A. lunata has usually broader phyllodes, less crowded racemes (length of axis/number of branches, greater than in A. buxifolia), glaucous calyx and the corolla 2~3 times as long as calyx. I consider Bentham’s treatment (FI. Aust. 2:372) of A. buxifolia as a species distinct from A. lunata to be correct. The publication of A. lunata was attributed by Bentham to de Candolle’s Prodromus (1825). The description and plate of A. /unata in Loddige’s Botanical Cabinet 4:t.384 (1819) is enough to satisfy the requirements for valid publication and the name A. /unata should date from 1819. If then A. buxifolia and A. lunata are treated as being conspecific the correct name for the species is A. lunata.
195. Acacia suaveolens (Sm.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4:1050 (1806). Based on Mimosa suaveolens Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. 1:253 (1791). Type: not seen.
Mimosa obliqua Lam., J. Hist. Nat. 1:89t.5 (1792) non Wendl. (1798). M. augustifolia Jacq., Hort. Schoenbr. 3:74t. 391 (1798 or later). Type: not seen.
* A, buxifolia subsp. pubiflora subspecies nova.
Phyllodia glabra vel aliquot pilis longis in pulvino raro obsita, latissima supra medium, obtusa mucronulata, (1-2-) 1:6-3-5 cm longa, 4-7(—8) mm lata, (2-S5S—)3—S—plo longiora quam lata; glans (4-)5-9(-11) mm e basi nunquam ‘tullus. Capitula ca@ 20-flora in racemis axillaribus glabris 5-10-ramosis, axe 2-4-5cm logo et pedunclis 4-5mm longis disposita. Calyx 0:6-0:8 mm longus, pubescens pilis ca 0:15 mm longis praeditus; corolla 1-3-1-5 mm }-3-1-5mm longa, I:7-2-l—plo longiora quam calyx. Typus: Pedley 4125. (BRI, holo).
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Acacia angustifolia (Jacq.) H. Wendl., Comm, Acac. 34 (1820). Based on M. angustifolia Jacq.
Slender little-branched shrub to 2:5 m tall; branchlets angular, glabrous and sometimes glaucous. Phyllodes coriaceous, glabrous, straight or slightly curved, acute or obtuse, mucronate, (6—)7-5-12:5cm long, (2—)3~7(-10) mm wide, (9—)13-27(—35) times as long as wide; a small gland at, or within 4mm of the base; pulvinus 1-2 mm long. Heads of 3-7 flowers in glabrous axillary 6—7—branched racemes, the axis 1—-2cm long, peduncles 2—5 mm long, before development the racemes enclosed by imbricate scarious fimbriate obtuse bracts up to 2-5 mm long, the bracts crowded at the base of the axis and larger ones subtending each peduncle, all deciduous at anthesis. Flowers (4—)5—merous; calyx lobes free linear, glabrous but for a few hairs at the top, 1-2—1-3 mm long; corolla lobes free glabrous, 1-:7—~2 mm long, 0-7-1 mm wide, less than twice as long as the calyx; stamens 3-5 mm long; ovary glabrous, Pods a striking blue- black colour, glabrous and glaucous, oblong obtuse apiculate, flat but raised over the seeds, 2-5-4 cm long, 13-17 mm wide; seeds transverse, 6-7 mm long, 3-4-5 mm wide; areole closed, 2—3 times as long as wide; funicle 3—folded and thickened in slightly oblique basal aril.
Wine Bay Disrricr: Fraser I., Oct 1930, Hubbard 4522. Moreton District: Bribie I., May 1930, Hubbard 2581; Back Creek, Canungra, Aug 1931, White 7808.
Acacia suaveolens is widely spread in eastern Australia including Tasmania. In Queensland it is fairly common in coastal districts south of Bundaberg in heath and shrubby eucalypt communities on sandy soils. It is also found on infertile soils in eucalypt open-forest in the Lamington National Park (McPherson Range). It flowers from May to August though flowers are sometimes found earlier in the year, and fruits from July to October.
The flower heads enclosed before development in imbricate scarious bracts and the broad pod, bluish when immature, distinguish A. suaveolens from other species found in Queensland and point to a rather close relationship with A. subcaerulea from the south-western part of Western Australia.
196, Acacia ensifolia Pedley, Contrib. Qd Herb. 4:2 (1969). Type: Warrego District: ‘Whynot’ between Quilpie and Thargomindah, Nov 1957, Everist 5657 (BRI, holo).
Spreading tree up to ca 9m tall often with several trunks; bark dark grey, fissured and flaky; branchlets angular, glabrous and sometimes glacous. Phyllodes thick, prominently uninerved with prominent margins, linear-lanceolate long attenuate at the apex, acute, 15—-26cm long, 5-8 mm broad, 25-45 times as long as broad; gland at the base and occasionally also | or 2 distal glands; pulvinus 2—4mm long. Heads of 50-60 flowers on thick glaucous peduncles up to 15 mm long either axillary or in up to 15—branched racemes up to 6 cm long; bracteoles peltate. Flowers S5—merous, obconical; calyx 1-6 mm _ long, consisting of glabrous tube and densely ciliate obtuse lobes 0:3 mm_ long; corolla 2-5 mm long with acute minutely papillose or pubescent lobes; stamens 3-4mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods stipitate, glabrous, glaucous, 8-10 cm long, 10-13 mm broad. Seeds not seen mature but probably longitudinal, the funicle twice folded beneath the seed.
Warreco District: Adavale~Windorah Road, 41 miles [66 km] W of Adavale, Jun 1967. Gittins 1230,
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Acacia ensifolia is restricted to the western part of the Warrego and the south-western part of the Mitchell districts where it occurs on low hills of deeply weathered rock mainly in the Grey Range. With A. petraea it often forms the uppermost zone of catenary sequence of vegetation on scarps. It flowers in October.
A. beckleri is closely related to A. ensifolia but has thick less attenuate phyllodes usually with several glands, and larger heads. Both species have some affinity with A. gladiiformis.
197. Acacia fimbriata A. Cunn. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2:406 (1832). Type:
= Cunningham (BM, holo; K, iso).
A. prominens A, Cunn. ex G. Don var. fimbriata Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:256 (1926). Based on A. fimbriata.
A, prominens var. whiteana Domin, loc. cit. (1926). Type: Upper Brisbane River, Aug 1908, White (PR, holo).
A. fimbriata var. glabra C, T. White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 50:72 (1939). Type: near Biggenden, Petrie 18A (BRI, holo).
A shrub or small tree up to 6m tall; branchlets slender, angular, their indumentum extremely variable—ranging from very dense spreading greyish hairs (ca 0:25 mm long) to occasionally glabrous; stipules deciduous, triangular ca 0-4mm long; phyllodes rather thin, usually with fimbriate margins and a few hairs scattered on surface at base, occasionally fimbriate only near base or with hairs only on pulvinuses, or rarely glabrous, straight or slightly curved, obtuse mucronulate or acute, abruptly contracted at the base, midrib fine but prominent, sometimes obscurely penninerved, 2—5(—6-5) cm long, (1-5—)2—-4-5(-5) mm broad, (6—)7-—25(—27) times as long as broad; pulvinus 0-5-1 mm long; gland prominent, a globular swelling on margin with small but obvious orifice, usually central but sometimes at distal end, 1-6 mm from base.. Heads of 10—20 flowers in axillary 8—25—branched racemes, the axis 2-:5-7:5cm long, varying from densely pubescent to glabrous, and peduncles 2-4-5 mm long, moderately pubescent to glabrous; bracteoles peltate. Flowers 5—merous; calyx rather broad conical, 0-4-0-6 (0:7, in Granite Belt variant) mm long, with obtuse lobes 0-1-0-2 mm long, at length more deeply divided, usually with only a few hairs on the lobes but occasionally pubescent in the upper half; corolla lobes ultimately free, 0-9-1-2 (-1-5 in G.B. variant) mm long, 2—2-5 times as long as calyx, glabrous or pubescent in upper half; stamens 1-7-3 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod flat, glabrous, and glaucous, faintly transversely veined, slightly raised over seeds, to 6cm long, 6:5—7-5 mm broad; seeds longitudinal, 4-5 mm long, ca 2-°8mm broad, areole open, extending almost to base of seed, ca 3-5 mm long and 1:2 mm broad; funicle thickened into clavate aril on one side at base.
Porr Curtis Disrricr: Byfield, Sep 1931, White 8020. Dariinc Downs District: Thulimbah, Sep 1933, White 9240. Burnett Districr: Taabinga Road, near Kingaroy,
Aug 1939, Michael 1840. Wine Bay District: Burrum River, Oct 1929, White 6289. Moreton District: Mt Gravatt, Jul 1930, Hubbard 3295 & White 6851.
Acacia finbriata is widespread in subtropical Queensland mainly in coastal districts but also in elevated country around Stanthorpe. It often favours moist sites near creeks and on margins of light rainforest but also occurs on hillsides as an understory spectes in eucalypt open-forest. It is commonly cultivated. It flowers from July to September in coastal districts and as late as October near Stanthorpe. The fruiting period is September to November.
Brisbane River, Sep
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There is a wide range of variation in size of phyllodes and in the density of the indumentum. A. fimbriata var. glabra is merely the extreme of a series of minor intergrading variants not worthy of formal recognition. On the other hand populations from the Granite Belt have broad phyllodes only 7-8 times as long as broad, short crisped hairs and large calyxes and corollas, and may warrant formal recognition as a subspecies. A. fimbriata var. perangusta C. T. White is treated as a distinct species.
198. Acacia pubicosta C. T. White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 50:73 (1939). Type: Burnett District: Biggenden Bluff, Aug 1931, White 7722 (BRI, holo).
Shrub to 5 m tall; branchlets angular with indumentum varying from dense silvery appressed hairs to almost glabrous with patches of appressed hairs. Phyllodes coriaceous, densely appressed pubescent or with appressed hairs confined to the midrib or to the base (young tips always golden pubescent), equally tapered at each end acute, sometimes hooked at the apex, 4:5—7:5 cm long, 2:5-4:5 mm broad, (12—)15-30 times as long as broad; pulvinus 1—2 mm long; gland inconspicuous, no more than a slight swelling not projecting beyond margin, with a small orifice, 6-20(-36) mm from the base, occasionally a second distal gland. Heads of 15—20 flowers in densely appressed pubescent ca 10—branched racemes, axis 2:5—-4(—6) cm long, peduncles ca 4mm long; bracteoles pubescent, about as long as the calyx. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0-7-0:8 mm long with thickened pubescent fimbriate obtuse lobes 0:2—0-3 mm long; corolla lobes free 1:4-1:5mm long, ca 0:6mm broad, obovate with minutely papillose margins; stamens 3—4mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod rather hard, flat, raised over seeds with obscure transverse veins, up to 8 cm _ long, 7:5~-10 mm broad; seeds longitudinal with clavate aril, but not mature.
Port Curtis Districr: West Mt. Morgan, Jul 1938, Goy 319 & 320; LEICHHARDT DisTRICT: Blackdown Tableland, Sep 1971, Henderson et al, 989. Biggenden, Oct 1930, White 7304A &
7305, Acacia pubicosta has a sporadic and rather restricted distribution. It has
been recorded from Blackdown Tableland (south-east of Blackwater), Mt Morgan, the Callide Valley and from near Biggenden. It is scattered in eucalypt communities or forms pure stands on steep slopes. It flowers from July to September and immature pods have been collected in September and October.
A. pubicosta and A. polifolia are closely related and both have some affinity with A. hamiltoniana. White compared A. pubicosta with A. fimbriata but the relationship is not close.
199, Acacia murrayana F. Muell. ex Benth. Fl. Aust. 2:370 (1864). Type: Subtropical New Holland [St. George], 17 Nov 1846, Mitchell ‘444’ (K;
lectotypus novus).
A, frumentacea R. Tate, Rep Horn. Sci. Exped. 3:187 (1896). Type: not seen (AD).
A tree up to ca 4m tall; branchlets angular, glabrous, occasionally glaucous. Phyllodes rather coriaceous, straight, glabrous and sometimes glaucous, midrib definite, obscurely longitudinally wrinkled when narrow, but penninerved and reticulate when broad, (7—)10-14(-16) cm long, 1-5-4(-7:5) mm _ wide, (16—)25-75 times as long as broad; pulvinus 1-2 mm long; gland small or sometimes rimmed or elongate immediately above pulvinus or rarely absent. Heads of 30-50 flowers in axillary 4-10-branched glabrous racemes, sometimes leafy at the base or growing out into leafy shoots, the axis 2-5-3-5 cm long,
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peduncles 6—9 mm long; the lower heads open first so that there is a gradation from open to immature heads in the one raceme; bracteoles peltate, about as long as the calyx. Flowers 5—merous; calyx + free 1-1-1+3 mm long consisting of a threadlike or winged (up to 0:3mm broad) stipe apparently fused to the corolla at the base, and a broadly ovate acute lamina at right angles, few hairs; corolla lobes free membranous, oblong or obovate, acuminate, 1-8—-2-1 mm long, ca 0-8 mm broad, minutely papillose on the margin; stamens ca 4 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods flat, glabrous and glaucous with rather ‘broad nerve-like margins and transverse veins, ca S5cm long, 8-12 mm broad; seeds longitudinal, rather thick, ca 4mm long, 3-3-5 mm wide, areole open, horse-shoe shaped, short and broad; funicle hardly thickened or folded.
‘GREGORY NortH Disrricr: ‘Glenormiston’ near Toko Range, Aug 1949, Colliver 39, GreEGorY SoutH Districr: Poeppel Corner, 26°S 138°E, Sep 1966, Boyland 253, WaArRrEGO Districr: 20 miles [32 km] N of Cunnamulla, Aug 1963, Everist 7496. MaraNoa DISTRICT: Nebine Creek, 28°S 146°50’E Sep 1967, Pedley 2417,
Except for a specimen collected near the Toko Range (Colliver 39) all the specimens of A. murrayana from Queensland come from southern inland areas, from near Birdsville where the species occurs on sandy soil on the lower slopes of, or between, dunes and from the Warrego and southern parts of ithe Maranoa district where it is found on sand often on active and inactive levees of streams.
A, pdachyacra and A. praelongata are closely related species. Both have narrower phyllodes than A. murrayana. The closest relative among the Queens- land species is probably A. victoriae. A. leptopetala which is confined to the south-western part of Western Australia is a distinct species.
I have not seen the type of A. frumentacea but at MEL there is a specimen from the Macdonnell Ranges (Nov 1942, Grant) annotated by J. M. Black: ‘agrees well with our specimens of A. friumentacea Tate, the type of which came from the same locality’. The specimen is A. murrayana.
200. Acacia adunca A. Cunn. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2:406 (1832). Maiden, For. Flora N.S.W. 5:115 (1913); Maiden & Blakely, J. Roy. Soc. N.S.W.
60:178 (1927). Type: Mt Dangar, Hunters River, July 1927, Cunningham 79 (BM holo; K, NSW, iso).
A. crassiuscula H. Wendl. var. adunca (G. Don) Benth., London J. Bot. 1:356 (1842). Based on A. adunca A. Cunn. ex G. Don.
A. accola Maiden & Betche, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 31:734 (1906); Maiden, For. Flora N.S.W. 5:115 (1913). Types: Wallangarra, Jul 1904, Boorman (BM, BRI, K, 1tso); Jennings (Wallangarra), Dec 1903, Maiden & Boorman (NSW), Stanthorpe, Jul 1904, Boorman (NSW); Mt Dangar, Gungal, Sep 1904, Boorman.
Misapplied name: A. linearifolia auct. non A. Cunn. ex Maiden & Blakely; Maiden & Blakely, J. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. 60:177 (1927).
Shrub of small tree to 5m tall; branchlets slender reddish glabrous; stipules triangular deciduous. Phyllodes linear straight acute, sometimes hooked at the tip, 9-13. cm long, 1-5-5 mm wide, (20~)25-50(—75) times as long as wide, glabrous, faintly penninerved when wide; prominent gland 1-2cm from the base; pulvinus 0:5—1 mm long. Heads of 10-18 flowers in glabrous axillary 6—12—branched racemes, axis 2:5—3-5 cm long, peduncles 3-4 mm long. Flowers
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5—merous; calyx ca 0-7mm long with short obtuse pubescent lobes; corolla glabrous, about twice as long as the calyx, stamens ca 3 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod flat glabrous, up to ca 8 cm long and 1 cm wide; seeds longitudinal, ca 5 mm long, 2-5 mm wide; areole open; funicle thickened to form oblique basal cupular aril,
DARLING Downs District: Amiens, Jul 1963, Bengston S134: Moreton District: Mt Barney, Aug 1931, White 7843,
In Queensland Acacia adunca occurs on mountain peaks in the southern part of Moreton District and in elevated granite country near Stanthorpe. The Stanthorpe populations have usually narrow, hooked phyllodes and deeper yellow flowers and flower later in the year than the mountain plants. Maiden described A. accola from specimens collected at Stanthorpe and Wallangarra, but later Maiden and Blakely referred it to A. adunca. There are differences between the two but they are not great enough to justify recognition of two taxa. The species flowers from April to July in the Moreton District, and July to September in the Stanthorpe District.
The nomenclature of A. adunca is complicated, and linked with the nomen- clature of A. hamiltoniana. Bentham accepted de Candolle’s identification of Sieber 464 from New South Wales as A. crassiuscula and reduced A, adunca to varietal rank under A. crassiuscula. Maiden, however, realized that A. crassiuscula was a Western Australian species, but in attempting to provide a name for the eastern Australian taxon identified by Bentham as A. crassiuscula, published several names. The subsequent complications may be explained by considering A. hamiltoniana.
Acacia hamiltoniana Maiden, J. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. 53:199 (1920). Based on A. obtusata Sieb. ex DC. var. hamiltonii Maiden, For. Flora N.S.W. 5:153 (1913). Syntypes: Leura, Dec 1907 (fruit), Hamilton (not seen) & Sep 1908 (flowers), Hamilton (BM, iso).
A, lunata Sieb. ex DC. var. crassiuscula Maiden & Betche ex Maiden, ‘Wattles and Wattlebarks’ ed. 3. 82 (1906), J. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. 49:476 (1916), pro syn. Not ‘based on A. crasstuscula HH. Wendl. Type: Nepean River, R. Brown (BM, K, iso).
A. linearifolia A. Cunn. ex Maiden & Blakely, J. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. 60:177 (1927) nomen nudum. Type: Blue Mountains, Oct ee, Cunningham (BM, K, iso).
Maiden proposed the name A. lunata var. crassiuscula for what he considered to be A, crassiuscula Benth. non H. Wendl. He cited a specimen which he had received from Melbourne (MEL), Nepean River, Brown. Maiden intended to exclude the type of Wendland’s name and his variety should be regarded as new, not as a new combination, with Brown’s specimen as the type. The description is adequate for valid publication. The specimen at BM was collected by Brown on 7 January 1805 from ‘sand flats opposite Thomson farm’.
Maiden referred A, lunata var. crasstuscula to A. flocktoniae Maiden, but specimens cited in the protologue of A. flocktoniae should be referred to more than one species. The Nepean River one is A. hamiltoniana. Maiden designated ‘the Yerranderie specimens the type’ of A. flocktoniae, and a lectotype will have to be chosen from these four specimens. There is therefore no possibility that the nomenclature will be further confused by the selection of the Nepean River specimen as lectotype of A. flocktoniae.
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Maiden and Blakely took up Cunningham’s manuscript name Acacia linear- ifolia, They regarded a specimen labelled ‘115. A. crassiuscula Wendl, (A. linearifolia A. Cunn.), Blue Mountains, December 84/1825, New South Wales, A, Cunningham’ as the type. They considered the locality to be a mistake as they knew of no such Acacia occurring on the Blue Mountains. Maiden and Blakely had not seen Cunningham’s description of his A. linearifolia and they did not provide one but referred to Maiden’s description of A. adunca in ‘Forest Flora of New South Wales’.
Specimens of Cunningham he
iga5 at K and BM should be referred to A. hamiltoniana. There is no reason to suppose Cunningham’s Blue Mountains locality to be wrong. In Cunningham’s manuscript notes of a journey to the Wellington Valley in October-December, 1825 at Kew there is a note: ‘84. Acacia linariifolia glabra foliis lineari-oblongis acutiusculis basi angustatis marg.- sup. glandulifero racemi capitalarum folio duplo brevioribus. A shrub at 28 miles B.M.’ Cunningham’s name A. linearifolia is therefore a synonym of A. hamiltoniana and as it was published without description it should also be considered a nomen nudum, The description referred to by Maiden and Blakely applies to A. adunca and the use of the name A. linearifolia in this way must be considered a misapplication of the name A. linearifolia.
The application of the name A. adunca should also be considered. Maiden (1913) discussed A. adunca and described it from specimens collected near the type locality. He noted that A. adunca was closely related to A. accola. Maiden’s account is substantially correct. The identity of A. adunca has been confused by Maiden and Blakely’s use of the name A. linearifolia A. Cunn. They applied this incorrectly to what Maiden had correctly identified as A. adunca from the Hunter Valley and restricted the name A. adinca to the species described by Maiden and Betche as A. accola.
The name A. adunca should be used as was done by Maiden (1913); A. accola is best regarded as being conspecific with A. adunca, and the name A, linearifolia a nomen nudum, to be synonymous with A, hamiltoniana. It is likely too that A. murrumboensis should also be referred to A. adunca,
201. Acacia perangusta (C. T. White) Pedley, stat. nov. Based on A. fimbriata A. Cunn. ex G. Don. var. perangusta C. T, White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd. 50:72 (1939). Type: Castra, near Brisbane [near Victoria Point], Aug 1927, White 3554 (BRI, holo).
A shrub or small tree up to 6m tall; branchlets reddish, slender, angular, glabrous. Phyllodes glabrous, linear, acute or occasionally obtuse, the midnerve prominent, 3-7-5 cm long, 1:J-1:6mm wide, 20-55 times as long as broad; gland small but projecting from margin, 7-14 mm from base; pulvinus ca 0-5 mm Jong. Heads of 9-12 heads in glabrous axillary 15-20—branched racemes, axis 2:5-3cm long, peduncles 2—2:5mm long. Flowers (4—-)5-—merous, rather widely spreading; calyx glabrous 0-5—-0-6mm long with broad obtuse lobes; corolla 1-1-2 mm long, twice as long as calyx; stamens 2—2-5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods (immature) 7:5cm long, 5mm wide, glabrous and slightly glaucous, slightly constricted between seeds and raised over them alternately on each side; seeds longitudinal.
Wipe Bay Districr: Burrum River, Oct 1929, White 6286. MoreTon Districr: Eprapah Creek ca 3 miles [5km] W of Victoria Point, Aug 1961, Pedley 798.
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Acacia perangusta is restricted to the banks of small streams 25—35 km south and south-east of Brisbane, and on the Burrum River, about 25 km approximately north of Maryborough. It flowers in August and September, and though it is commonly cultivated as an ornamental in south-eastern Queens- land I have seen only one specimen with pods and they are immature.
A, perangusta is closely related to A. frmbriata but differs in having narrower glabrous phyllodes with the gland farther from base, glabrous flowers, and narrower pods. One specimen (9 miles SW of Pialba, Jul 1966, Pedley 2154) is somewhat intermediate between A. fimbriata and A. perangusta. It has somewhat pubescent branchlets, fimbriate narrow phyllodes, and pubescent flowers slightly smaller than those of A. perangusta.
202. Acacia betchei Maiden & Blakely, J. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. 60:174 (1927). Type: Wallangarra, Dec 1891, Betche (NSW, holo).
A shrub to 4m, glabrous with slender slightly angular reddish branchlets. Phyllodes linear, straight somewhat obtuse, minutely punctate, (4—)6—-10(—12) cm long, (1°5—)2~3(—4) mm wide, with a small usually projecting gland at about the middle; pulvinus short. Heads of 12—20 flowers in glabrous 6—7(—10) branched axillary racemes, the lower heads opening first sometimes forming terminal panicle by reduction of subtending phyllodes, the axis 1-5-—2-5(—4-5) cm long, peduncles 3-S mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx ca 0-5 mm long, membranous, at first truncate but separating into spathulate lobes, pubescent at the apex; corolla glabrous, separating into lobes 1:4mm long; stamens ca 3mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods tardily dehiscent, glabrous and slightly glaucous, ca 10cm long, 5—7 mm broad. Seeds longitudinal ca 6mm _ long, 2:5 mm broad; areole large, open; aril clavate.
DarLiING Downs District: Cottonvale, Jan 1959, Shea S97; Racecourse Creek, Jan 1940, Smith 773.
Acacia betchei is restricted to sandy soils derived from Granite in the vicinity of Stanthorpe. It flowers sporadically over a long period, from about September to February.. Its nearest relative is A. adunca but it usually is a smaller plant with shorter and usually broader phyllodes, somewhat smaller flowers and narrower pods.
203. Acacia angusta Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 38:115 (1927). Type: The Virgin, Springsure, Aug 1913, Boorman (NSW, holo; BM, BRI, K, iso).
A small tree, sometimes at least with smooth glaucous bark; branchlets angular with very short appressed white hairs or glabrous. Phyllodes rather thin, glabrous or with a few appressed hairs, linear acute, midrib and margins prominent, 9-18 cm long, 1:8-3(—5) mm broad, (25—)50—100 times as long as ‘broad; pulvinus 1—2.mm long; 1, 2 or 3 projecting glands with thick rims on the dorsal margin, the lowest usually only 2-3 mm from the base. Heads of 15-20 flowers in axillary 7—10(~15)—branched racemes, the axis appressed pubescent 10—20(—40) mm long, the peduncles appressed pubescent 2—3(~5) mm long; bracteoles as long as the calyx, peltate. Flowers 5—merous; calyx lobes free spathulate, obtuse, hairy at the top, ca 0-75 mm long and 0-25 mm wide; corolla glabrous, lobed to the middle, ca 1-25 mm long, 1-7 times as long as the calyx; stamens ca 2mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod (not mature) linear, slightly contracted between the seeds, margins thickened 7-5 cm long, 5 mm broad; seeds longitudinal but not seen mature.
SouTH KENNEDY District: 6kw W of Bogantungan, Aug 1973, Pedley 4095. Leichhardt District: 27 miles [43 km] E of Duaringa, Jun 1970, Moriarty 218.
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There are two aberrant specimens. One from Clermont has phyllodes with very few appressed hairs near the base, which are 8-9 cm long, 4mm wide, and 18—23 times as long as wide. The inflorescence and flowers agree with those of A. angusta, but the ovary is pubescent. The other from West Mt Morgan is glabrous with phyllodes up to 5mm wide and one gland 1-3 cm from the base.
Acacia angusta is known only from the Drummond Range where it occurs along drainage lines, in and near the Gogango Range, south-west of Rockhampton, and in hilly country near Springsure. It flowers in June and July. Mature pods have not been collected.
The affinities of A. angusta are not obvious. Herbarium specimens resemble those of A. dietrichiana which, however, has a different habit and inflorescence. The projecting gland suggests some relationship to A. pustula which sometimes has phyllodes as narrow as those of A. angusta.
204. Acacia neriifolia Benth., Lond. J. Bot. 1:357 (1842). Type: Mt Hoddle, NW shires of Liverpool Plains, May, 1825, Cunningham (K; BM, iso; lectotypus novus).
A tree up to 8m tall sometimes retaining its juvenile bipinnate leaves for a long period; branchlets usually with dense white appressed hairs or these wearing off leaving patches of indumentum, sometimes almost glabrous. Phyllodes straight or slightly falcate, acute or obtuse, mucronulate the mucro sometimes 2mm long, with indumentum of short appressed hairs, sometimes dense and covering whole of lamina or hairs confined to base and apex and along midrib or occasionally glabrate, midrib and margins prominent, obscurely penninerved when broad, 5—-15(—21) cm long, (3~)5—12({-17) mm wide, 5—20(-35) times as long as wide; pulvinus 1-5-4 mm long; a prominent pustular gland with a thick rim and small orifice, (not as prominent as in A. pustula and A. angusta) at the base or within 10 mm of the base or in plants from eastern Darling Downs and western Moreton districts up to 3 cm from base, occasionally 1 or 2 smaller more distal glands. Heads of 20-30 flowers in axillary (6—)10—20—branched racemes, the axis (2—)3-6(—9) cm long, usually with dense appressed hairs, sometimes subglabrous, peduncles 3-5 mm long with similar indumentum; bracteoles peltate. Flowers 5—-merous; calyx 0:7-1 mm long, membranous with thick obtuse lobes ca 0:25 mm long, the lobes pubescent and usually a few hairs on the tube; corolla deeply or completely lobed, glabrous or pubescent, 1-5-1-8 mm long, 1-5-2-5 times as long as the calyx; stamens 3-4 mm long; ovary with indumentum of long hairs. Pods glabrous, flat but raised over the seeds, up to 12cm long, 6-9 mm broad; seeds longitudinal, rectangular, ca 5-5 mm long, 3-4mm broad; areole open, 2—3 times as long as broad; funicle thickened into a clavate aril, not folded.
LeicHHarptT DisrricT: Isla Gorge, 25°09S 149°57'E, Sep 1968, Evertst 8074; top of Main Range near Wandoan, Nov 1930, Hubbard 5115. DarLtiINGc Downs Districr: Gurulmundi, Jun 1955, Johnson & Pedley 43: between Cobba-da-mana & Gore, Aug.1958, Johnson 532 & 537; between Crows Nest & Hampton, Sep 1958, Pedley 289. BuRNetTTr Districr: 10 miles [16km] S of Mundubbera on road to Brovinia, Jul 1959, Johnson 894. MoRETON DisTRICT: Heifer Creek, Aug 1931, White 7769.
There are scattered occurrences of A. neriifolia, usually on sandstone, in the southern part of Leichhardt district but it is most common in the Darling Downs and adjoining parts of the Burnett and Moreton districts. The main flowering period is July and August in the north and west of its range and about a month later in the south-east. Fruiting specimens have been collected in November and December.
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The species is more variable than most other Queensland species of Acacia. Two variants are so well defined that further studies might indicate that their formal recognition is warranted. Plants from the Granite Belt and the Inglewood area are rather large trees with coriaceous phyllodes up to 21 cm long, 5-13(-—17) mm wide and 10-35 times as long as wide. This variant grades into A. neriifolia from drier parts of the Darling Downs district, specimens of which match the type material reasonably well. Trees that occur along the Dividing Range in the Toowoomba—Crows Nest-Yarraman area are even more distinctive. The bipinnate foliage is retained on young plants until they are 1-2 m tall; branchlets and axes of racemes are angular with rather sparse appressed hairs; phyllodes are often glabrate, distinctly penninetved ‘(5 -5—)9-5-15 cm long, 6—-10(—13) mm wide and 5—20 times as long as wide, with the gland sometimes near the base but often from i-3cm from the base; and the flowers are less pubescent. Plants are attractive and quick-growing and are cultivated to some extent in south-eastern Queensland.
A, neriifolia is somewhat arbitarily distinguished from A. pustula by its pubescent branchlets and phyllodes, the foliar gland being closer to the base of the phyllode, and the ovary with spreading hairs. The second variant of A, neriifolia is therefore intermediate between A. nertifolia and A. pustula.
205. Acacia rubida A. Cunn. in Field, Geogr, Mem. N.S.W. 344 (1825). Type: Blue Mountains, Oct rs Cunningham (K, holo; BM, iso).
Shrub to 4m tall often retaining bipinnate leaves until 2m or more tall, phyllodes and branchlets often reddish; branchlets slightly ribbed, glabrous or with a few appressed white hairs; stipules broad triangular ca 0:5 mm long, soon deciduous. Phyllodes coriaceous, straight or falcate, glabrous, attenuate at the base, acute or obtuse mucronulate, midrib prominent, inconspicuously penninerved, 6-9(—10-5) cm long, 8-5—15 mm broad, 5-5-8 times as long as ‘broad; pulvinus at times almost absent but usually 1-2 mm long; gland pustular through with narrower rim and smaller orifice than in A. pustula, (S—)10-—20 mm from the base, rarely absent. Small heads of 10-15 flowers in rather short 8—15—branched racemes, the axis about 2:5cm long glabrous or very sparsely appressed pubescent, the peduncles 1-1-5 mm long glabrate; bracteoles. peltate, as long as the calyx. Flowers 5—merous; calyx very broad, 0:9mm long, the tube = glabrous, with thickened pubescent incurved obtuse lobes 0-3 mm long; corolla lobes = free, glabrous, ca 1-5 mm long; stamens 2-2-5 mm Jong; ovary glabrous. Pod linear, glabrous, 6:5cm long, 6mm broad, not seen mature; seeds longitudinal.
DaRLING Downs Districr: Passchendaele, NW of Stanthorpe, Oct 1963, Pedley 1524.
Though widespread and common in south-eastern Australia, in Queensland A. rubida is restricted to the Stanthorpe area where it is not common. It flowers in September and October and immature pods have been collected in late October.
A. rubida is one of the species of section Phyllodineae which retains its juvenile leaves for a long period.
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206. Acacia attenuata Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 38:117 (1927). Type: Moreton District: Beerwah, 47 miles N of Brisbane near Glasshouse Mountains, Sep 1922, White 1816 (NSW, holo; BRI, iso).
A slender shrub to about 3m tall, retaining juvenile foliage for long period and even flowering and fruiting in juvenile state; branchlets somewhat angular, soon becoming terete, glabrous; stipules very broad triangular ca 0-4 mm long, early deciduous. Phyllodes + straight, glabrous, attenuate at the base, obtuse mucronulate or occasionally acute, midrib prominent, curved and approximating ventral margin 1/10 to 1/4 the length of the phyllode from the base, (9- )10-14(— 17) cm long, 7-16 mm wide, 7—-14(-18) times as long as wide; gland inconspicuous, immediately above the pulvinus; pulvinus 3-5 mm long. Heads of 20-35 flowers in glabrous axillary 6-14—branched racemes, the axis 5-7-5 cm long, the peduncles ca 7mm long, bracteoles peltate. Flowers S—merous; calyx lobes ultimately free, obtuse, 0-9-1 mm long, 0-4-0-5 mm wide, the upper part somewhat thickened and incurved, densely pubescent in upper half or with hairs only of margins of lobes; corolla lobes free, 1-6-1-9 mm long, 0-6-0:75 mm broad, spreading above the calyx, glabrous, or with short marginal hairs at top or with long appressed hairs; stamens 4-5-5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod flat slightly narrowed between the seeds and raised above them alternately on each side, glabrous 8-lO0cm long, 13-14 mm wide, seeds (not seen mature) longitudinal, the funicle encircling the seed.
Wink Bay District: near Noosaville, Aug 1967, Pedley 2351, Moreton Disrricr: between Beerwah & Landsborough, Jun 1930, Hubbard 3090; Southport, Sep 1933, White 9197.
Acacia attenuata is restricted to heath or layered eucalypt open-forest in high rainfall areas of Queensland from about Maryborough to Southport, never more than 30 km from the sea. It has not been recorded from the islands off the coast. In the southern part of its range it is now extremely rare due to the destruction of its habitat in the spread of urban areas. It flowers from May to August.
Flowers and fruits are sometimes formed when the plant has only juvenile leaves. In this character it is similar to A. rubida and A. latisepala both of which occur in the Stanthorpe area.
207. Acacia semirigida Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 38:116 (1927). Type: near Dairy Mountain, Eidsvold, Bancroft 24 (NSW, holo; K, iso).
A shrub or small tree ca 4m tall; branchlets angular reddish. Phyllodes rather coriaceous straight with distinct midribs and nerve-like margins, glabrous 4-7(—9-5) cm long, 4-7 (-8:5) mm wide, (8—-) 10-14 times as long as wide; pulvinus ca 2mm long; 1, 2 or 3 pustulate glands on the dorsal margin, the lowest at least 10mm from the base. Heads of 15-25 flowers in axillary glabrous 10Q-branched racemes, axis 3:5-5:5cm long, peduncles 3-5 mm; bracteoles as long with incurved broad fimbriate lobes ca 0-2 mm long; corolla 1-5-1:6 mm long, lobed to the middle, minutely papillose on the margin, about twice as long as the calyx; stamens 2:5-3-5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods linear glabrous, but slightly raised over the seeds, up to 11cm long, 8mm wide; seeds longitudinal, oblong, 4:7-5:5 mm long, 2:6-3 mm wide, oblique at the base, areole closed 3:5 mm long, 1:1 mm wide; funicle thickened into a clavate aril on one side at the base.
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DARLING Downs District: ca 25 miles [40 km] N of Chinchilla, Nov 1968, Pedley 2874, BurRNEtTr District; 25 km ENE of Ejidsvold 25°18’S 151°22’E, Dec 1972, Pedley 4015.
Acacia semirigida occurs usually on shallow soils overlying sandstone sporadically from Goombungee and Kogan through the western part of Burnett district. There is one sterile specimen from Blackdown Tableland. It seems to flower irregularly from February to July and mature fruits have been collected in November and December.
Its nearest relative appears to be A. rubida which has generally large phyllodes and persistent juvenile leaves,
208. Acacia pustula Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 38:117 (1927). Type: Eidsvold, in 1918, Bancroft 13 (NSW; BRI; lectotypus novus).
Tree to 12m tall; branchlets angular, glabrous or rarely with very short (O-1 mm) rather sparse appressed hairs; juvenile foliage (bipinnate leaves) persists for a considerable period, till plant is 2m or more tall, though flowers are not produced at this stage. Phyllodes glabrous, rather thin, linear, acute or obtuse when wide, midrib prominent, faintly penninerved, extremely variable in size, broad on young plants, narrow and similar to A. angusta on old plants, 5:5-13(-14:5) cm long, 2—7(-13) mm wide, (6—)16—40 times as long as wide; pulvinus 1-3 mm long; prominent gland with rather thick rim 4+ to 4 way along dorsal margin, with an oblique nerve running to it from the midrib when broad, rarely a second gland some distance above the other. Heads of ca 20 flowers in 10Q-25—branched glabrous racemes, the axis 2-9 cm long, peduncles 4-5 mm long; bracteoles peltate, about as long as the calyx. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0-8-1 mm long, membranous with prominent nerves, a few hairs on the back, thickened into triangular lobes ca 0:3mm long with a few marginal hairs; corolla lobes eventually free, 1-6-1-8 mm long, 1-7-2-3 times as long as the calyx, a few hairs in the lower half or glabrous; stamens about 3 mm long; ovary glabrous or rarely with appressed hairs. Pod flat but raised along the midline, glaucous, to ca 8cm long, 6-6-5 mm wide; seeds (not quite mature) longitudinal, 6mm long, 3mm wide; areole open; funicle straight, thickened into clavate aril at one side at base.
LEICHHARDT District: Salvator Rosa National Park, Nogoa River, 76 miles [122 km] SW of Springsure, Jul 1966, Gittins 1167. DarLInc Downs District: Jandowae, Darr Creek, Jul 1959, Johnson 905 & 906. BURNETT DistRIcT: Goodger-Haly Creek Road, Kingaroy District, Aug 1947, Michael 3019.
Acacia pustula is a common and conspicuous species in the south-western part of the Burnett district where it occurs in the lower tree layer of eucalypt open-forest. It is also found in adjacent parts of the Darling Downs and Leichhardt districts and. in the headwaters of the Nogoa River. It flowers in July and August.
The distinctions between A. pustula and A. neriifolia are slight and rather arbitrary. A. pustula has glabrous phyllodes with the gland farther from the base than it usually is in A. nertifolla and a glabrous or shortly pubescent ovary. It may perhaps be referred to A. neriifolia as a subspecies but until the status of the variants of A. neriifolia already noted are determined it is preferable to retain the Status quo.
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209. Acacia leichhardtii Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:372 (1864). Type: Expedition Range, Leichhardt (K, holo).
A shrub up to ca 3 m tall; branchlets terete, hispid with rather dense spread- ing hairs ca 1mm long; Phyllodes spreading or reflexed, coriaceous, with mod- erately dense curved hairs, densest on midrib and margin and occasionally confined to them, straight or curved, abruptly contracted at the base and apex when obtuse apiculate, or sometimes gradually tapered to acute apex, midrib prominent, slightly closer to lower margin, 15-30 mm long, 3—4(-6) mm wide, 3—-8(—10) times as long as wide; pulvinus ca 1 mm long; gland absent or very small, rimmed 5—9 mm from base. Heads of (25—)30—40 flowers in axillary 12—18—branched racemes, the axis moderately hispid, 3-5-6 cm long, peduncles sparsely hispid to occasionally glabrate, 3-8mm long; a few long hairs on receptacle between flowers; bracteoles peltate about as long as calyx. Flowers S5—merous; calyx 0-6—0-85 mm long with obtuse fimbriate lobes ca 0-25 mm long, sometimes with obtuse sinuses and a few long hairs on the top; corolla 1-4-1-8 mm long, glab- rous with rather spreading acute lobes 0:5—-0-:6 mm long, 2—2-3 times as long as the corolla; stamens ca 3:5 mm long; ovary hispid. Pods curved, flat slightly raised over the seeds alternately on each side, hispid, up to 8cm long, ca 9 mm wide; seeds longitudinal, ca 5mm long, 3-4:5 mm wide, closed areole 3-5 mm long 2-5 mm broad; funicle curved around top of seed to base, then folded back on itself and thickened into clavate basal aril i.e, funicle encircles seed.
LEICHHARPY District: Expedition Range, Aug 1960, Gittins 357. DarLiInc Downs District: Jandowae—Durong Road, S of Darr Creek, May 1958, Johnson 476. MoORETON DistRicr: 6 miles [10km] N of Helidon, Sep 1963, Pedley 1404.
Acacia leichhardtii is restricted to shallow soils overlying sandstone and occurs sporadically from the Blackdown Tableland to Helidon, a little east of Toowoomba. It flowers from April to July and fruits have been collected from September to November.
The indumentum of long hairs, reflexed phyllodes and the seeds encircled by the funicle with a large closed areole set A. leichhardtii apart from other species of the Phyllodineae. It is not likely to be confused with any other species.
210. “Acacia deuteroneura Pedley, Type: Mitchell District: Great Dividing Range ca 40 miles NNE of Tambo, Nov 1968, Pedley 2805. (BRI, holo).
Shrub ca 3m tall; branchlets terete glabrous glaucous. Phyllodes glabrous, glaucous <£ straight obtuse, 3-5-5 cm long, 6-12:mm wide, 4-7-5 times as long as wide, midrib prominent and a second longitudinal nerve on upper side extending for about # of the length, obscurely penninerved, prominent globular gland with
* Acacia deuteroneura Pedley, species nova forsan affinis A. wattsianae F. Muell. ex Benth. phyllodiis 2-nervatis, racemis longicribus, et leguminibus latioribus seminibus transervis differt. Typus: Pedley 2805 (BRI, holotypus).
Frutex circa 3m altus; ramuli teretes glabri glaucique. Phyllodia glabra glaucaque + stricta obtusa, 3-5:5cm longa, 6-12 mm lata, 4-7-5—plo longiora quam lata, neryo medio prominenti et nervo longitudinali secundario supra per #7? longitudinis extendo, obscure penninervata; glans prominens globula_ orficio parvo, 12-18mm_ e __ basi, interdum nervo ad nervum secundarium jugenti, interdum glans secunda super medium; pulvinus 2—3mm longus. Capitula 20-30-flora in racemis glaucis 4—8-ramosis axililaribus, axe 3-5 cm longo, ramis 10-16mm _ longis, disposita. Flores 5—meri; calyx circa 1mm longus glaber praeter lobos ciliolatos circa 0:4 mm longos; corolla 1-8 mm longa; stamina circa 3mm Icnga; ovarium glabrum. Legumen planum circa 5cm longum et i3mm latum. Semina transversa 3:5mm longa, 2-2:5mm_ lata; areolus parvus obscurus — inapertus; funiculus tenuis plicatus, ? ambitus seminis cingens, in arillum clavatum expansus.
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a small orifice 12-18 mm from the base sometimes with a connecting nerve to the secondary nerve, rarely a second gland above the middle; pulvinus 2-3 mm long. Heads of 20-30 flowers in glaucous 4—8—branched axillary racemes, the axis 3-5 cm long, branches 10-16 mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx ca 1 mm long, glabrous except for ciliolate lobes ca 0-4mm long; corolla 1-8 mm long; stamens ca 3mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod flat ca 5cm long and 13 mm wide. Seeds transverse 3:5 mm long, 2—2:5 mm wide; areole small indistinct, closed; funicle slender, folded, % encircling seed, expanded into clavate aril.
Only one population of A. deuteroneura is known, on a knoll of weathered sandstone with Eucalyptus bakeri, There are large tracts of similar but inaccessible country north and south-east of the type locality and the species may prove to be more widely distributed than it appears. A. decora and A. polifolia are common in the area and A. deuteroneura may be confused with these in the field.
Despite the development of a secondary longitudinal nerve, A. deuteroneura belongs to the Racemosae group of the Phyllodineae. Its affinities are obscure. Unusual characters of the seed, the small closed areole and funicle more than half encircling the seed suggest a relationship to A. wattsiana, a species restricted to South Australia, with uninerved phyllodes, shorter racemes and narrower pods with longitudinal seeds.
211. *Acacia polifolia Pedley. Type: South Kennedy District: 8-5 miles [i4 km] SW of Alpha Station, Jun 1964, Adams 1006 (BRI, holo; CANB, K, iso).
Shrub ca 3m tall; branchlets angular with dense appressed white hairs, young tips always golden. Phyllodes with indumentum of moderate to dense appressed white hairs, even when old, straight or rarely slightly falcate, narrow oblong, obtuse mucronulate or rarely acute (4—)(5—-7(—9) cm long, 5-10 mm wide, (6—)7—10(-14) times as long as wide, midrib prominent, obscurely reticulately penninerved; pulvinus 1-2 mm long; gland (usually slight swelling of margin with small orifice) like that of A. pubicosta, either 9-15 or 22-24 mm from the base, a second gland sometimes present. Heads of ca 20 flowers in 10-16 branched, appressed golden pubescent, axillary racemes shorter or slightly longer than the phyllodes, the axis 2-5 cm long, the peduncles 2-4-5 mm long; bracteole about as long as the calyx, peltate with a pubescent stipe and a fimbriate pubescent Jamina ca 0-4mm broad, Flowers 5—merous; calyx membranous, 0:6-0-8 mm long with broad rounded fimbriate lobes 0:2-0:3 mm long, a few long hairs on
* Acacia polifolia species nova; ab A. pubicosta C. T. White phyllodiis latioribus obtusis et plerumque racemis longioribus, ab A. decora Reichb. phyllodiis pubescentibus non pen- ninervibus recedit. Typus: Adanty 1006 (BRI, holo; CANB, K, iso).
Frutex usque 3m altus; ramuli angulares pilis albis densis appressis obtecti; surculi juvenes semper aurei, Phyllodia indumento pilorum alborum appressorum + densorum ornata, etiam ubi veteria, recta vel raro leviter falcata, anguste oblonga, obtusa mucronulata vel raro acuta, (4-)5-7(-9) longa, 5-10mm lata, (6-)7—-i10(-14)~plo longiora guam lata, obscure reticulate penninervia, nervo medio prominenti instructa; pulvinus 1-2 mm_ longus; glans (plerumque exiguus tumor marginis et orificium parvum) illi A. pubicostae similis aut 9-15 mm aut 22-24 mm e basi locatus et interdum glans secundus suppetens. Capitula circa 20-flora in racemos [0-16-ramosos appressos aureo-pubescentes axillares breviores vel leviter longiores quam phyllodia, axe 2-5cm longo, pedunculis 2-4-5 mm longis instructos disposita; bracteolus calycem -- aequans, peltatus ex stipite pubescenti et lamina fimbriata pubescenti ca 0’4mm lata constans. Flores S-meri; calyx membraneus, 0°6-0:8 mm longus lobis latis rotundis fimbriatis 0-2-0-3mm longis instructus pilis longis paucis dorsalibus ornatus; corolla 1-3-1-6mm longa calyce 1-7-2-3-plo longior, glabra, lobis 0:6-0-8 mm Jongis demum ad basin lobata; stamina 2°5-3:5mm longa; ovarium glabrum. Legumen (immaturissimum) planum usque 7cm longum et 7mm _ latum; semina_ probabaliter longitudinalia.
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the back; corolla 1-3-1-6 mm long, 1-7—2-3 times as long as the calyx, glabrous, lobes 0:6-0-8 mm long eventually separating to the base; stamens 2°5—3:5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods (very immature) flat, to 7 cm long and 7 mm broad, seeds probably longitudinal.
MITcHELL DuistricT: ‘Lisgool’ ca 65 miles [104km] ENE of Blackall, Jun 1939, Everist 1821. SoutH. KENNEDY District: 55 miles [88km] S of Alpha, Apr 1961, Johnson 2177, LEICHHARDT Districr: ‘Mt Playfair’, Jun 1959, Biddulph 113.
Acacia polifolia is restricted to central Queensland where it occurs on sand- stones of the Dividing Range from Jericho to about south of Springsure. It flowers in May and June and immature pods have been found in August,
The nearest relatives are A. pubicosta which has narrower acute phyllodes and usually shorter racemes, and A. decora which has usually glabrous penninerved phyllodes broadest above the middle and a conspicuous gland. A. polifolia occurs farther inland than A. pubicosta but it and the wide-ranging A. decora sometimes occur together. A. polifolia however flowers earlier in the year than A. decora, is a more open shrub and is found on shallower soils,
212. Acacia decora Reichb., Icon. Bot. Exot. 2:35, t. 199 (1827-28); Maiden,
For. Fl. N.S.W. 5:97, t. 169 (1911). Type: Not seen, figure reproduced by Maiden.
A. decora var. biglandulosa Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:257 (1926). Syntypes: prope Brisbane River, Dietrich 859 (PR; HBG, iso); & Dietrich 1258 (PR); Keppel Bay, Aug 1802, Brown ‘4355S’ (K).
Shrub usually ca 2 m, but up to 4 m tall; branchlets reddish, angular, glabrous or with moderately dense appressed hairs, sometimes only in patches, sometimes the hairs restricted to the pulvinus. Phyllodes glabrous or rarely with a few hairs at the base, sometimes glaucous, straight or rarely slightly falcate, usually broadest above the middle and then obtuse, mucronulate, sometimes when narrow and acute tapering = equally to each end (2-:2—)3:2—-5-5(-6) cm_ long, (1-5—)3-5-6(—10) mm. broad, (3-5—)5—15(—30) times as long as broad, midrib prominent, fairly prominently penninerved especially when broad; pulvinus ca 1mm long; gland, consisting of swelling of the margin with a small distal orifice, always present, (4—)6-16(-20) mm from the base, the margin often indented at the gland, nerve sometimes running to it from the midrib particularly when the phyllode is broad, a second gland sometimes present. Heads of 15~30 flowers in axillary 5—15(—20)—branched racemes rarely growing out into leafy shoots, rarely single on axillary peduncles, axis 2—6cm long moderately or densely appressed pubescent, peduncles (2—)3-6mm long with moderate or dense appressed golden hairs; bracteoles ca as long as the calyx, peltate. Flowers 5—merous; calvx broadly conic, membranous 0-75—0:9 mm long, rather densely pubescent in the upper half with broad obtuse incurved fimbriate lobes 0-1-0-25 mm long; corolla 1:3—1-5 mm long, 1-5-1-7(—1-9) times as long as the calyx, with appressed pubescent acute lobes 0-5{-0-6) mm long; stamens 2-5-3 mm long; ovary densely appressed pubescent. Pod glabrous and glaucous, flat but raised over the seeds alternately of each side, occasionally slightly constricted between them, 7-5—10-5cm long, 4-9 mm broad; seeds longitudinal 5-6 mm long, 2:7—3-2 mm broad with a closed areole 2-5—3 mm long, 0:8-1 mm broad; funicle bent back on itself at apex of seed to form clavate aril obliquely at base.
C—72869
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Cook Districr: Great Dividing Range, 45 miles [72km] SW of Cooktown, Jun 1968, Pedley 2603, Nort KENNeEpy Disrricr: Pentland, Jun 1934, Blake 6116. MiTcHELL District: ca 40 miles [64km] NNE of Tambo, Noy 1968, Pedley 2803, LrtcHHARDT Districr: 28 miles [61 km] S of RoHeston, Aug 1961, Story & Lazarides 2. Porr Curtis District: Kilkivan, Aug 1947, Michael 3015. Warreco Disrricr: ‘Torres Park’, 50 miles 180 km] ENE of Augathella, Aug 1966, Gittins T70. MarANoa Disrricr: Charleville-Boatman Road, May 1955, Smith 6319, Dar~inc Downs District: 40 miles [64km] W of Warwick, Sep 1967, McDonald 362, MoRETON District: Canungra, Jul 1966, Perotta.
In Queensland Acacia decora is common in eucalypt communities particularly in subcoastal parts of Leichhardt and Port Curtis Districts (Rockhampton—Mackay area), but it extends from Cooktown to New South Wales and inland to about Morven, In the northernmost part of its range it is not common occurring only on the Dividing Range south of Laura and on the southern part of the Atherton Tableland. It flowers from June, in the north, or July to September and pods mature about three months later.
There is a wide range of variation particularly in habit and in the width of the leaves. There are two notable variants; one with broad phyllodes from the northern and western parts of its range, and another with a low spreading habit of growth and narrow acute phyllodes from the Inglewood district.
The recognition of A. decora var. biglandulosa is not warranted. Plants with phyllodes bearing two glands are common throughout the range of the species and the variety is in no way outside the usual range of variability of the species.
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BOTRYCEPHALAE (Benth.) Taub. | Leaves bipinnate, phyllodes occasionally developed in one species only. Flowers
in heads arranged in axillary racemes. Type species: A. terminalis (Salisb.) Macbride.
213. Acacia glaucocarpa Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Soc. Qd 38:120 (1927). Based on A. polybotrya Benth. var. foliolosa Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:414 (1864). Syntypes: Burnett River, Mueller; S part of the colony, Bowman; Lime- stone Hills, Leichhardt; Ipswich, Nernst (none seen). |
A tree to about 10m tall; branchlets obscurely ribbed with rather dense indumentum of short somewhat crisped white hairs also found on axes of leaves and on axis and branches of inflorescence. Leaves bipinnate, glands, between each pair of pinnae or absent from middle pinnae or only between uppermost and lowest pairs of pinnae; petiole 1-3cm long; rachis 1:5-7.cm long with 3~7 pairs of pinnae; their axis 5-7-5 cm long; leaflets 15-25 pairs, 8-12 mm long, 2:2-3(-4} mm wide, glabrous or with scattered long hairs on upper surface, moderately dense short hairs or subglabrous beneath, the proximal margin more definitely curved than the distal, a prominent midrib near distal margin. Heads of ca 25 flowers in tomentose 15—30—branched inflorescences usually forming large terminal panicle, axis of raceme 6-11 cm long and branches 3-6 mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx membranous pubescent in upper half, 0-7-1 mm long with short obtuse lobes; corolla 1-3-1-6mm long, 1-4~2 times as long as calyx; stamens 2-5—3-5 mm long; ovary hirsute. Pods flat linear ca 1 cm long, 1 cm broad; seeds longitudinal.
LEICHHARDT District: Planet Creek, ca 306 miles [50km] NE of Rolleston, Sep 1962, Story & Yapp 303: 22:5 miles [34km] N of ‘Gwangbegwine’, May 1964, Speck 1990. DARLING Downs Distrricr: 3 miles [5 km] W of Greymare, Apr 1966, McDonald & Gillieatt 183, Burnetr Distrricr: Kingaroy, Oct 1945, Michael 1974. MoreToN District: Little
Liverpool Range, Jul 1930, White 6815; Cannon Hill near Brisbane, Mar 196i, Pedley 737.
The species is more or less restricted to sandstone in the south-eastern part of the State usually on rather deep soils. It is particularly common about Ipswich and Kingarey. It flowers from as early as mid-February to as late as July, but in most years April and May are the main months of flowering.
214. Acacia polybotrya Benth., London J. Bot. 1:384 (1842). Type: Gwydir River, Cunningham (K, holo).
Spreading many-stemmed shrub up to 2-5 m tall; branchlets and primary and secondary axes of leaves glabrous or with indumentum of spreading hairs ca 0:2 mm long. Leaves bipinnate; petiole 3-7 mm long with a gland at its apex between the lowest pair of pinnae; rachis 4-11 mm long; pinnae 2-3 pairs, axis 10-17 mm long, with 4~-7(—10) pairs of leaflets; leaflets glabrous or occasionally with sparse long spreading hairs on lower surface, oblong, obtuse mucronulate, 4-8 mm long, (1°5—)2-3 mm broad, 1:7—4 times as long as broad. Heads of 20~—30 flowers in axillary racemes; axis 3-9 cm long, branches 10-25, 4mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx membranous, pubescent, 0-7-0-8mm long with broad obtuse lobes ca 0-2 mm long; corolla glabrous, 1-4—1-5 mm _ long. Pods linear, flat, dark brown, with long spreading hairs, ca 8 cm long, 6 mm broad. Seeds longitudinal.
DARLING Downs District: ‘Dunmore’, 27°40’S 150°58’E, Dec 1969, Pedley 3075,
The species occurs on infertile rocky or sandy soils in the southern parts of the Darling Downs district. It flowers in August and September.
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215. Acacia spectabilis A. Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1:383 (1842). Type: country between Lachlan and Macquarie Rivers, Cunningham (K, lectotypus novus).
Shrub to about 5m with glaucous stems and branchlets; branchlets glaucous with indumentum of spreading hairs up to 0-2 mm long, dense at times, becoming glabrous. Leaves bipinnate; petiole 6-18 mm long with indumentum of branchlets, with gland in upper part, just below lowest pair of pinnae when petiole is short; rachis 2~7(-9-:5) cm long usually without glands, bearing 3—5(—7) pairs of pinnae; axis of pinnae 1~3 cm long bearing 4—6(-8) pairs of leaflets glabrous oblong obtuse, 6—11(—13) mm long, 2-5-5 mm broad, becoming progressively larger along pinnae and terminal ones sometimes broadest near the apex. Heads of 15-20 flowers in long racemes in the upper axils or rarely in terminal panicles; axis 5—20 cm long with indumentum of branchlets, 10-25(—45) branches 5—8 mm long, usually glabrous. Flowers 5—merous; calyx rather stout ca 0:5 mm long with short obtuse lobes pubescent sometimes in lower half only; corolla 1-6-2 mm long; stamens 4-5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod flat but convex over seeds, to [1 cm long, 1-2—1-5 cm broad, glabrous, glaucous. Sceds longi- tudinal ca 6mm long and 3-5 mm broad with a large areole constricted but open; funicle thickened into cupular aril.
MaraANoa District: 5 miles [8km] from Yuleba on Surat road, Sep 1961, Jones 174; St George, Aug 1894, Wedd 660. DariInc Downs Districts 14 miles [22 km] N of Miles, Aug 1964, Johnson 2786; 7 miles [11 km] W of ‘Flinton’, July 1962, Ebersohn E68; between Warwick and Killarney, Aug 1961, Everist 7005. BuRNeTY District: Eildsvold, Bancroft.
The plant is common in parts of the Darling Downs, eastern Maranoa and southern Burnett districts usually on sandy soils in association with Callitris columellaris. It is a most attractive species which flowers in August and September and is commonly cultivated. In the field it is likely to be confused only with A. debilis and A. polybotrya. The former has a dark trunk and reddish branches and a more spindly habit of growth; the latter is branched low to the ground forming a flat-topped shrub and its leaflets are usually smaller.
216. Acacia latisepala Pedley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 75:31 (1964). Type: Darling Downs District: Jollys Falls, 5 miles N of Stanthorpe, Oct 1963, Pedley 1538 (BRI, holo).
A spreading shrub up to 3 m tall, glabrous except for the flowers; branchlets, leaf axes and leaflets red-brown or with a distinct reddish tinge. Phyllodes rarely developed) with distinct midnerve sometimes approaching upper margin towards top, broadest near top gradually tapering into pulvinus, apiculate, up to 9cm long and 9mm wide. Leaves bipinnate; petiole (2—)2:5—4cm long with a small slightly raised gland 8-16 mm from the base; rachis usually 3-4 cm long with 2-3 pairs of pinnae, a gland sometimes between uppermost pairs of pinnae; pinnae axis 3—4cm long, with 6-10 pairs of leaflets; leaflets oblong obtuse, 12—18 mm long, 4-8 mm wide. Heads of 12—20 flowers in 6-9—branched axillary racemes, the axis 3-4cm long and branches 6-7 mm long; bracteoles peltate. Flowers (4—)5-merous; calyx ca 1:4mm long with broadly ovate obtuse lobes 0:7 mm long, the tube with appressed hairs, the lobes ciliolate; corolla ca 2:5 long, the tube with scattered appressed hairs; stamens ca 4mm
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long; ovary glabrous. Pod ca 7cm long and 1cm wide, somewhat woody, narrowed towards the base, flat but slightly raised over the seeds. Seeds longitudinal, ca 7mm long and 4mm wide; funicle thickened into a clavate aril beneath the seed.
DaRLING Downs Disrrict: Mt Norman, Sep 1975, Ross, Stanley & Sharpe (plants with phyllodes).
Acacia latisepala is restricted to the Stanthorpe area of Queensland and northern parts of the New England Tableland. It occurs on shallow sandy soil in rock crevices and among granite boulders. It flowers in September.
In the protologue A. latisepala was compared to A. spectabilis var. stuartii (= A. pruinosa) though the floral structure of the two are rather different. Observations in the field have shown that a few plants (less than 1 percent) at the type locality, Jollys Falls, produce phyllodes, though most of them bear flowers and pods without phyllodes. The affinities of the species lie with A, rubida which has similar reddish branchlets and juvenile leaves that persist and with A. attenuata. It should be regarded as a species transitional between the closely related Botrycephalae and the Racemosae group of the Phyllodineae. Because it does not regularly produce phyllodes it is placed here with the Botrycephalae.
217. Acacia pruinesa A. Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1:383 (1842). Type: North of Liverpool Plains, July = Cunningham (K, holo).
A. spectabilis A. Cunn. ex Benth. var. stuartii Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:413. (1864). Syntypes: New England, Stuart (not seen). Between Byron Plains and the McIntyre, Leichhardt (not seen).
A little-branched shrub to ca 2m tall; branchlets reddish glabrous. Leaves bipinnate with glabrous reddish axes; petiole 3-5(—7-5) cm long with a prominent elongated gland in the upper half or rarely absent; rachis 2-7 cm long (depending on number of pinnae) with a gland between each or only the lowest pair of pinnae, bearing 2—3(-4) pairs of pinnae; axis of pinnae 4-8 cm long bearing 8—13(-15) pairs of leafiects; leaflets glabrous oblong obtuse 9-17 mm _ long, 2:'5-4mm wide, with usually a prominent midrib beneath. Heads of 20-30 flowers arranged in 6—-12—branched glabrous racemes, the axis 2—3(—7) cm long, branches 3-4(—7) mm long, racemes usually arranged in terminal panicles or arising from the upper axils. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 1-2—1-5 mm long, usually pubescent in the upper half, divided to the middle into spathulate lobes; corolla 2:2—2-4 mm long, 1-5—1-8 times as long as the calyx; stamens ca 4mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod flat linear glabrous and glaucous, slightly convex over the seeds, ca 7cm long and 7 mm wide; seeds longitudinal ca 5 mm long and 3 mm wide; areole closed; funicle expanded into a cupular aril.
DARLING DowNs District: Mt Jibbenbah, Aug 1919, Ball,
In the past the species has been confused with A. debilis but as well as the difference in the size of the heads, it is usually a smaller plant with more shining reddish branchlets. It is confined to sandy soils derived from granite from a small area near Stanthorpe and in parts of the New England district. It flowers in September and October,
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218. Acacia debilis Tindale, Telopea 1:382 (1978). Type: Darling Downs District: Wambo Creek, 17:2 km SW of Kogan, 27°10’S 150°39’F, Aug 1975, Coveny 6789 & Hind (NSW, holo;-BRI, iso).
A sparingly branched slender shrub to about 5 m tall; branchlets reddish glabrous. Leaves bipinnate; glabrous; petiole 1:5—4-5 cm long with a prominent elongated gland with a slit-like orifice about the middle; rachis up to 8 cm long, depending on number of pairs of pinnae, usually with a small gland bearing 1-3(-—4) pairs of pinnae; pinnae bearing 12-18(—24) pairs of leaflets, rachilla 5-8 cm long, sometimes with small circular glands at base of last 1-3 leaflets; leaflets glabrous, oblong obtuse, i-2cm long, 3-4mm_ broad, the midrib usually quite prominent. Heads of 25~30 flowers in 15—20—branched racemes, the axis 5—9cm long, branches ca 3mm; racemes usually forming panicles in upper axils. Flowers 5—merous; calyx rather stout, 0-6-0-8 mm long with short obtuse lobes, the lobes usually ciliolate with a few Jong hairs on their midlines; corolla 1-6-1:7 mm long, 2:2—2:6 times as long as calyx; stamens ca 4mm long; ovary glabrous. Pod flat glabrous and somewhat glaucous, slightly raised over seeds, ca 13cm long, 12mm broad (only one measured). Seeds longitudinal, ca 7mm long and 3mm broad with a narrow elongate closed areole; funicle thickened into cupular aril.
LEICHHARDT Districr: 13 miles [21 km] from Cracow on Taroom road, Aug 1962, Johnson & Everist 2510. DARLING DowNs Districr: Barakula, Young; 13 miles [21 km] E of Tara, Aug 1961, Pedley 793.
This species is common on sandy soils in parts of the Darling Downs and Leichhardt districts. In the field it can be distinguished from A. spectabilis which sometimes is associated with it by its more open habit, its darker trunk and reddish branchlets. Its main flowering period is August-September.
As pointed out in the protologue of A. debilis, most published descriptions of A. pruinosa have included A. debilis as well. There has also been some confusion between A. pruinosa and A. schinoides, a plant with silvery foliage found in north and central coast divisions of New South Wales.
219. Acacia muellerana Maiden & R. T. Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 2nd Ser. 8:515 (1894). Type: Hunter River, Dawson (not seen).
Rounded shrub to 4m with glabrous branchlets. Leaves bipinnate; petiole glabrous 1-5—2:5 mm long with a prominent raised rib or wing on upper side; rachis none or 9-12 mm long, a gland at the base of each pair of pinnae; pinnae 1 or less commonly 2, the axis 2-4cm long with 4-8 pairs of leaflets, a gland between all or only the lowest; leaflets glabrous 10-20 mm long, 1-1-3 mm wide. Heads of 6-12 flowers on glabrous 5—10—branched racemes, the axis 12—18 mm long, the branches 2—3 mm long, usually arranged in terminal panicles. Flowers 5—merous; calyx glabrous rather thick at base, 0:5—O-6mm_ long with obtuse lobes, 0- 1-0-2 mm long; calyx (1—)1-6-1:7 mm long, (2—)2-7-2:8 times as long as calyx; stamens 2—2:5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods glabrous, flat, ca 12cm long, 5-8 mm broad, sometimes somewhat constricted between seeds.
Warreco Districr: N of ‘Carnarvon, 50 miles [80km] SSW of Springsure, Aug 1966, Gittins 1175. Dartinc Downs District: Chinchilla, Young; Kogan, Oct 1966, Pedley 330A; Porters Gap, Bunya Mountains, Nov 1960, Tindale NSW 52689; Karara, Jun 1946, White 12804. BurNetr District: KinGcAroy, Oct 1945, Michael 2975,
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The species is not common in Queensland being restricted to a few localities on shallow rocky soil on the Darling Downs, and once collected in the Warrego and on weathered basaltic soil north of Bell and near Kingaroy. It flowers sporadically in the warmer months of the year. Chromosome number 2n=26 (de Lacy & Vincent, personal communication); voucher specimen: BRI 68001.
220. Acacia baileyana F. Muell., Trans. Roy. Soc. Vic. 24:168 (1888); Maiden, For. Fl. N.S.W. 4:8 (1911); Newman, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 60:428 (1935). Type: Bowen Park, Brisbane, cultivated, Aug 1876, Bailey (BRI, iso).
Tree to 10m tall; branchlets angular, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves bipinnate, glaucous; axis 2—4cm long, the petiole short; glabrous or tomentose; pinnae 2—4(-6) pairs, rachises 1-2-5 cm long; leaflets (4—-) 12-24 pairs, 5-8 mm long, 1-2—1-6 mm wide, glabrous. Heads of 10~20 flowers, in axillary racemes much longer than the leaves.
DarRLING Downs: 10km N of Stanthorpe, 28°35’S, 151°58’E, Feb 1974, Pedley A7418.
Acacia baileyana (Cootamundra wattle) is naturalized on roadsides in sandy soil near Stanthorpe. Although it was described from a plant cultivated in Brisbane, the species does not do well in cultivation in Queensland except in the coolest part of the State. The species hybridizes freely and many plants offered for sale in Brisbane are hybrids between A. baileyana and other species of the section Botrycephalae, particularly A. decurrens.
221. Acacia oshanesii F. Muell. & Maiden, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 2nd Ser. 8:15 (1893). Based on A. decurrens (J. Wendl.) Willd. var. (?) leichhardtii Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:414 (1864). Type: ‘between Archer’s station and Birou [Beerwah] and towards the Bunya’, Leichhardt (not seen).
A. arundelliana F.M. Bailey, Qd Flora 2:515 (1900). Based on A. decurrens var. (?) leichhardtii Benth.
Tree to 7m tall; branchlets with indumentum of long (to 1 mm) straight yellowish hairs, the young tips yellowish; hairs extending to the primary and secondary axes of the leaves, the axis of the inflorescence, occasionally the margin of the leaflets and pods. Leaves bipinnate; axis 8-12 cm long with a conspicuous raised globular gland with a small orifice below the lowest pair of pinnae and 2-3 between uppermost two or three pairs of pinnae; pinnae usually 12-16 pairs, the axis 15-30 mm long; leaflets 15-40 pairs, discolorous with slightly decurved margins, obtuse, (2-5—)3—4 mm long, 0-5—0-6(—0-8) mm wide. Heads of 15—25 flowers in 12—25—branched indefinite axillary racemes, axis (3~)6-12 cm long, branches at anthesis 4-5 mm long. Flowers 5~merous; calyx 0-6-0-8 mm long, glabrous or almost so, with short lobes; corolla 1-4-1-6 mm long, about twice as long as calyx; stamens ca 2:5 mm long; ovary with long white hairs at apex. Pod up to 10cm long, 8-10mm wide, flat, slightly raised along midline with scattered long hairs particularly near margin. Seeds longitudinal, ca 5mm long and 3 mm wide; areole large, almost closed; clavate aril.
Wipe Bay District: Burrum River near Howard, Oct 1929, White 6287. MoRETON District: between Beerwah and Landsborough, Jun 1930, Hubbard 3123.
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Acacia oshanesii occurs in layered eucalypt open-forest in high rainfall areas ‘of Queensland from about Gympie to a little north of Brisbane. It also occurs in coastal areas of northern New South Wales. It flowers throughout the year.
‘The indumentum of long yellow hairs and discolorous leaflets distinguish A. oshanesii from all other species and it appears to be rather isolated in section Botrycephalae.
222. Acacia chinchillensis Tindale, Telopea 1 (5):380 (1978). Type: Darling Downs District: Chinchilla-Auburn road, ca 26°30’S, 150°38’E, R. Coveny 6813 & P. Hind (NSW, holo; BRI, iso).
Spreading glaucous shrub to 1-5 m tall; branchlets and axes of leaves villose. Leaves bipinnate, without glands; petiole 3~5 mm long, rachis 9-12 mm long bearing 3—4(—5) pairs of pinnae; axis of pinnae 8-10 mm long, bearing 6-10(-14} pairs of narrowly oblong glabrous leaflets 46mm _ long, (0-6—)0-8—0-9 mm wide, 4-8 times as long as wide. Heads of 15-20 flowers arranged in glabrous axillary racemes about 3-6cm long usually with 8~—12 branches, peduncles 3-4mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx ca 0:6 mm long, pubescent in upper half with short incurved lobes; corolla ca 1:3mm_ long; stamens ca 2:5 mm long; ovary villose. Pods linear flat but slightly raised over seeds and slightly contracted between them, 7 cm long, 4 mm wide, villose; seeds longitudinal.
DaRLING Downs Districr: 22 miles [35km] N of Chinchilla on Auburn road, Sep 1963, Jolinson 2677.
Acacia chinchillensis is an attractive shrub which is confined to an area of sandy soils north of Chinchilla and near Tara. It flowers in September.
223. Acacia filicifolia Cheel & Welch, J. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. 65:232 (1932). Type: Not seen—none designated by the authors.
A tree to about 10m; young tips yellowish; branchlets ribbed, with indumentum of dense white short curved hairs. Leaves bipinnate, hairs similar to those of branchlets on upper sides of primary and secondary axes; a larger or more commonly 2—3 smaller glands with distinct brown rims on petiole and 3-4 between each pair of pinnae along main axis, but none at base of each pinna; petiole 1-2:5cm long; rachis 4-8 cm with 6—9 pairs of pinnae; axis of pinnae ca 4cm long each with 30-40 pairs of leaflets; leaflets 5-6 mm long, 0:4—0-6mm broad, glabrous above, usually with a few =<: appressed hairs beneath, the margins slightly inrolled. Heads of 20-30 flowers in racemes with indumentum similar to branchlets in upper axils or forming terminal panicle; axis of raceme ca 6 cm long, ca 15 branches ca 4mm long. Flowers 5—merous; calyx 0:7 mm long, corolla 1-2-1:3mm long. Stamens 2—3 mm long; ovary densely pubescent (glabrous when rudimentary). Pods not seen.
DARLING Downs District: Racecourse Creek near Mt Norman, Oct 1963, Pedley 1565.
This species occurs in Queensland only on sandy soil derived from granite in the Stanthorpe—-Wallangarra area. It flowers from about mid-August to mid-October, but in Queensland has never been collected in fruit.
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224. Acacia decurrens Willd., Sp. Plant. 4:1072 (1806). Type: Not seen. Mimosa decurrens Donn, Hort. Cant. 1:114 (1796), nomen nud.
A. decurrens forma normalis Benth Fi. Aust. 2: 415 (1864). Based on M. decurrens J. Wendl.
Glabrous spreading tree to 12 m tall; branchlets aster Leaves bipinnate; axis 7-12 cm long, prominent gland on ‘petiole and 1-2 between each pair of pinnae; pinnae 6—-8(—12) pairs, rachises 4-6 cm long; leaflets 30-40 pairs on each pinna 5-10 mm long, ca 0:5 mm wide. Flowers 1 in heads of 25-30 in axillary racemes exceeding the leaves.
DaRLING Downs District: near Toowcomba, 27°37'S 152°E, Dec 1969, Pedley 3072. MorETON District: One Tree Hill (Mt Coot-tha), near Brisbane, Apr 1932, Blake.
Acacia decurrens is naturalized near Toowoomba and possibly also in the vicinity of Stanthorpe where it occurs sporadically, though possibly deliberately planted. The Brisbane specimen collected by Blake may also have been from a naturalized plant, though the species has not persisted in the area.
225. Acacia irrorata Sieb. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3:141 (1826). Type: Sieber (not seen).
A. decurrens (Wendl.) Willd. forma pauciglandulosa F. Muell. ex Benth., FI. Aust. 2:415 (1864). Syntypes: ‘New England, Clarence & Hastings Rivers, Moreton Bay, etc.; also between Archer’s & McKenzie’s Stations in moist places, Leichhardt’ (not seen).
A tree to 10m tall with greenish foliage and usually yellow tips; branchlets ribbed with indumentum of rather dense, often yellowish, ascending hairs ca 0:2 mm long. Leaves bipinnate their axes with indumentum similar to that of branchlets, inclined to be tufted on lower side of axes, a spherical gland with a small orifice between the uppermost pair of pinnae (rarely between uppermost three pairs), ribs of rachis sometimes tuberculate; petiole 1-1-5 cm long, rachis 46cm long bearing 9-12 pairs of pinnae, secondary axis 2-5-3-5 cm long; each pinna with 40-50 pairs of leaflets, 2-5-4mm long, 0-4-0:6mm wide, thick, obtuse, with a few hairs near margins on lower surface. Heads of ca 30 flowers in axillary appressed pubescent racemes, axis 4:5—6-5 cm long with 10-16 branches 3—5 mm long, often racemes forming terminal panicle and racemes ‘sometimes compound by the formation of racemose branches in lower part. Flowers pubescent, especially in upper half with very short obtuse lobes; corolla 1-5—1-6 mm long, stamens 3-5—4mm long; ovary pubescent. Pods linear, flat with moderately dense appressed hairs, ca 7 cm long and 1 cm broad. Not seen mature.
DarLINc Downs District: Thulimbah, N of Stanthorpe, Nov 1963, Pedley 1605. BuURNETY District: Wondai, Oct 1960, Tindale NSW 52680. Wide Bay District: near Gympie, Oct 1957, Smith 16267. Moreton District: Mt Edwards, Mar 1934, White 9941; Mt Glorious, Feb 1971, Moriarty 611; Beaudesert, Nov 1970, Williams.
| The species is found in coastal districts of southern Queensland and on the eastern edge of the Darling Downs south of Toowoomba where it occurs as an understory tree in eucalypt open-forest in higher rainfall areas and along creeks in drier areas. Its main flowering period is from about December to March but it sometimes flowers in September—October. All of the specimens from Queens- land represent A. irrorata subsp. irrorata. The other subspecies described (A. irrorata subsp. subvelutina) occurs in coastal New South Wales from about Grafton to Gloucester and is not known to occur in Queensland.
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226, Acacia storyi Tindale, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S.W. 91:147 (1966). Type: Leichhardt District: Rockland Spring, 24 miles SSE of Blackwater, Sep 1961, Lazarides & Story 50 (BRI, iso).
Small tree, glabrous or with a few short + appressed hairs on axis of pinnae and on margin of leaflets; branchlets sometimes glaucous, Primary axis of leaves 6-10 cm long with 10-15(—18) pairs of pinnae, prominent gland with large rim and orifice on axis at base of each pair of pinnae and often 1-2 small ones between the pinnae; axis of pinnae 2:5—4-5 cm long with 40-60 pairs of leaflets; leaflets on mature leaves 2:5-3-5 mm long, (0:4—)0-5-0:6(—0O-7) mm _ wide, obtuse, without obvious veins. Heads of 15-20 flowers in glabrous 15-30 branched racemes, the axis 5-10 cm long, branches ca 4mm long, sometimes the axis branched. Flowers 5—merous; calyx sparsely pubescent in upper half 0-6-0-7 mm long with short obtuse lobes; corolla glabrous, 1-1-1 mm _ long; stamens ca 3mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods glabrous and sometimes somewhat glaucous, flat but slightly raised along the middle, ca 8cm long and 1 cm wide. Seeds longitudinal ca 6 & 3-5 mm; areole large open; funicle clavate.
LEICHHARDT District: Blackdown Tableland, ca 32km SE of Blackwater, Apr 1971, Henderson et al. 685,
Acacia storyi is confined to the Blackdown Tableland and lower country on its western side, on sandstone. It appears to flower from April to August and fruits mature from August to November. As was noted in the protologue, A, storyi resembles A. filicifolia. It is however, usually glabrous and its leaflets are shorter,
227. Acacia